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Official Gazette of the RS, No. 115/21 of 16 July 2021 (in force from 17 July 2021)
Official Gazette of the RS, No. 011/25 of 21 February 2025 - amendments (in force from 8 March
2025)
Pursuant to point 1 of Article 65 and Article 155 of the Banking Act (Official Gazette of the Republic
of Slovenia, No. 92/21, 123/21 – ZBNIP and 2/25 – odl. US; hereinafter ZBan-3) and the first
paragraph of Article 31 of the Bank of Slovenia Act (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, no.
72/06 – official consolidated text, 59/11 and 55/17) issued by the Governing Board of the Bank of
Slovenia
REGULATION
on Internal Governance Arrangements, the Management body and the Internal Capital
Adequacy Assessment Process for Banks and Savings banks
- GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. Subject of regulation, application of regulations and definition of terms
Article 1
(content of regulation)
(1) This regulation sets out the requirements with regard to:
- internal governance arrangements, including detailed rules with regard to risk management and
the remuneration policies and practices of a bank or savings bank (hereinafter: bank);
- rules for the functioning of a Management body and its committees, including the conduct of its
members in accordance with the relevant standards of professional diligence, highest ethical standards,
and the prevention of conflicts of interest;
- the internal capital adequacy assessment process;
- the detailed content of reports in connection with internal governance arrangements and the
methods and deadlines for submitting such reports to the Bank of Slovenia.
(2) Wherever this regulation makes reference to the provisions of other regulations, these
provisions shall apply in their wording applicable at the time in question.
Article 2
(application of regulations)
This regulation transposes Directive 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of
26 June 2013 on access to the activity of credit institutions and the prudential supervision of credit
institutions and investment firms, amending Directive 2002/87/EC and repealing Directives
2006/48/EC and 2006/49/EC, with changes into the law of the Republic of Slovenia.
Article 3
(definition of terms)
(1) The terms used in this regulation shall have the same meanings as in the ZBan-3 and
Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on
prudential requirements for credit institutions and investment firms and amending Regulation (EU) No
648/2012 (OJ L 176 of 27 June 2013, p 1; hereinafter: Regulation (EU) No 575/2013), with changes,
and in regulations issued on their basis.
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(2) The other terms used in this regulation shall have the following meanings:
- “corporate governance arrangements” are the set of relationships and relations established and
realised between a bank, its Management body and its owners that are based on the powers and
responsibilities of these entities and considering the interests of the bank’s other stakeholders and the
de facto consistency between the short-term and long-term interests of these stakeholders, which to the
greatest possible extent have an impact on the determination and realisation of the bank’s business
objectives, strategies and policies and on the bank’s internal governance arrangements referred to in
Article 148 of the ZBan-3;
- “standards of professional diligence and ethical standards” are rules, recommendations and
good business practices that inter alia contribute to the realisation of high standards of corporate
culture at a bank, and consequently to the mitigation of the bank’s various risks, including the
mitigation of operational risk and reputation risk;
- a “conflict of interest at the level of the bank” is a situation in which there is or could be a threat
to the interest of a bank as set out by the bank’s adopted objectives, strategies and policies referred to
in the first paragraph of Article 4 of this regulation, in particular owing to circumstances deriving from
the bank’s relationships, products and activities, including relationships between:
- various clients of the bank,
- the bank and its clients, shareholders, employees, significant suppliers, business partners and
other entities in the group;
- a “conflict of interest at the level of members of the Management body” is a situation in which
the private interest of a member of the Management body has or could have an impact on the impartial
and objective execution of tasks or decision-making by the member in question in relation to the
bank’s interests. The private interest of a member of the Management body means his/her interest in
an undue material or non-material advantage for himself/herself, for an immediate family member or
for a person who has interests in common with the member in question that are evidenced in action in
concert between the member in question and the aforementioned person. A conflict of interest at the
level of members of the Management body also includes any significant business contact;
- a “significant business contact” is any contractual or other business relationship that meets the
following criteria:
- an agreement has been concluded between a member of the Management body or a member of
his/her immediate family and the bank or its subsidiary on the supply or goods or the provision
of services, including financial and consulting services, on the basis of which the member of
the Management body or his/her immediate family member is subject to special treatment that
is not in accordance with the adopted business policy or customary practice of the bank or its
subsidiary,
- a member of the Management body or a member of his/her immediate family is, as the user of
banking or other services provided by the bank or its subsidiary, subject to treatment that is not
in accordance with the adopted business policy or customary practice of the bank or its
subsidiary,
- a member of the Management body or a member of his/her immediate family transacts
privately with or is a member of an organisation that receives contributions in the form of
donations, sponsorships or other assistance from the bank, when the aggregate amount of the
contributions exceeds EUR 1,000 on an annual basis,
- a member of the senior management or a member of his/her immediate family is, as the user of
banking or other services provided by the bank or its subsidiary, subject to treatment that is not
in accordance with the adopted business policy or customary practice of the bank or its
subsidiary;
- an “indirect significant business contact” is a situation involving a significant business contact
set out in the previous point in which the member of the Management body or a member of his/her
immediate family is simultaneously a business partner of, a holder of a qualifying holding in, or a
person authorised to manage the operations and act as the statutory representative of an entity,
including a sole trader or the procurator of the entity, that has a business relationship with the bank;
- the “risk profile” is the assessment of the overall exposure to risks to which a bank is or could
be exposed in its operations at a specific moment, including interactions and concentration risk
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(hereinafter: the bank’s risks). This assessment may take account of exposure to risks before or after
the application of risk management measures;
8. the “risk appetite” is the overall level of risk accepted in advance, including the levels of
individual types of risk, that the bank is willing to take up for the purpose of realising its business
objectives, strategies, policies and plans, having regard for the bank’s risk bearing capacity, its
strategies and policies for the take-up and management of risks, and its capital, liquidity and
remuneration policies;
9. “risk limits” are the adopted quantitative restrictions and measures based on which a bank
manages the take-up of risks and their concentration across products, investments, business lines,
entities in the group or other risk management criteria, and that allow the bank to allocate risks across
business lines and types of risk and that the bank sets with regard to its risk appetite, various stress
scenarios and other criteria;
10. “risk bearing capacity” is the largest overall risk level that a bank is able to take up, having
regard for its available capital, liquidity, risk management and control measures, stress test results and
other restrictions on the take-up of risks;
11. the “risk management culture” is a bank’s level of standards and values implemented,
considering the risk awareness of the members of the Management body and other employees that via
their actions and attitudes to the bank’s risk and the proposals for internal control functions is reflected
in their decision with regard to the take-up and management of risks at the level of the bank’s daily
activities and has an impact on the implementation of the adopted risk appetite;
12, “credit risk” is the risk of a loss as a result of a counterparty’s inability to settle contractual
liabilities by the originally agreed deadline, excluding the realisation of credit protection;
13. “concentration risk” is the risk of excessive direct and/or indirect exposure arising from the
credit risk of a bank or banking group vis-à-vis an individual client, a group of connected clients or
clients linked by common risk factors;
14. “compliance risk” is the risk of legal or regulatory sanctions, significant financial losses or a
loss of reputation as a result of a bank’s operations failing to comply with the relevant regulations and
standards of good practice;
15. “market risks” are the risk of a loss as a result of adverse movements in market prices;
16. “liquidity risk” is the risk of a loss including:
- the risk of providing sources of liquidity, as the risk of a loss occurring when a bank is unable
to settle all of its maturing liabilities, or when a bank must obtain sources of liquidity at costs
significantly higher than average market costs due to its inability to provide sufficient funds to
settle its liabilities at maturity,
- market liquidity risk, where positions (in an instrument) cannot be sold or replaced in a short
time without significantly affecting market price, either because of inadequate market depth or
because of market imbalances;
- “strategic risk” is the risk of loss as a result of incorrect business decisions by the Management
body, a failure to implement the decisions taken, and weak responsiveness on the part of the
Management body to changes in the business environment;
- “capital risk” is the risk of a loss as a result of the inadequate composition of capital with
regard to the nature and scope of a bank’s operations or to the difficulties that the bank faces in
obtaining fresh capital, particularly in the event of the need for a rapid increase in capital or in the
event of adverse business conditions;
- “profitability risk” is the risk of a loss as a result of the inadequate composition or
diversification of income or a bank’s inability to ensure a sufficient and sustainable level of
profitability;
- the “internal capital requirements” is an estimate of the capital, needed for covering the bank’s
risks;
- the “internal capital assessment” is the capital calculated on the basis of the internal definition
of a bank’s capital components;
- a “stress test” entails the use of various quantitative and qualitative techniques for testing a
bank’s robustness to severe but plausible developments set out by the bank on the basis of various
combinations of changes in risk factors (stress test scenarios);
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23. “sensitivity analysis” is a technique that is less complicated technique of a stress test and that
merely includes an assessment of the impact of a change in a single precisely determined risk factor on
a bank’s financial position, whereby the cause of the shock is not defined.
1.2.Bank measures to comply with requirements of this regulation
Article 4
(relationship between bank’s business strategy and risk strategy)
(1) For the purpose of implementing effective corporate governance arrangements referred to in
point 1 of the second paragraph of Article 3 of this regulation, the Management body shall ensure that
a bank’s business objectives, strategies and policies are appropriately connected with the risk
strategies and policies referred to in Articles 5 and 6 of this regulation.
(2) When the business objectives, strategies and policies referred to in the first paragraph of this
article pursue a strategy of high risk appetite, the Management body shall, having regard for the
nature, scale and complexity of the risks inherent in the bank’s business model and the activities
pursued by the bank, ensure effective internal governance arrangements commensurate therewith.
(3) A risk strategy that is not based on commensurately effective internal governance
arrangements may be reflected in the bank’s strategic risk, and in the excessive take-up of risks.
Article 5
(risk strategies)
A bank shall put in place and implement effective and comprehensive strategies for taking up and
managing risks set out in the first and second paragraphs of Article 19 of this regulation (hereinafter:
risk strategies) that take account of the bank’s business strategy and its long-term interests, including
the protection of the interests of the bank’s unsecured creditors. The risk strategies shall define the
bank’s objectives and general approach to taking up and managing risks, including a definition of the
risk appetite, taking account of factors in the bank’s internal and external environment and the bank’s
risk attributes.
Article 6
(risk policies)
(1) A bank shall put in place and implement policies for taking up and managing risks set out in
the first and second paragraphs of Article 19 of this regulation (hereinafter: risk policies) that set out
the implementation of the risk strategies referred to in Article 5 of this regulation.
(2) The risk policies referred to in the first paragraph of this article shall provide a detailed
definition of the functions, systems, processes, procedures, methodologies and rules of the bank’s
internal governance arrangements, including the corresponding powers and responsibilities, and the
reporting flows at all levels of the bank’s hierarchical and organisational structure.
Article 7
(responsibilities of Management body and senior management with regard to risk strategies and
policies)
(1) On the basis of its knowledge and understanding of a bank’s risks, in respect of the strategies
and policies referred to in Articles 5 and 6 of this regulation the Management body shall:
- define and adopt them;
- regularly (at least once a year) review their adequacy, including ensuring that they are updated
in relation to the impact of factors in the bank’s internal and external environment;
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3. conduct supervision of their proper implementation in accordance with regulations, standards
and the bank’s bylaws, and the requirements of the Bank of Slovenia and other competent supervisory
authorities.
(2) The senior management shall formulate and update the risk strategies and policies on the basis
of guidance from the management board, and shall ensure their proper implementation at the level of
the bank’s daily activities, regularly briefing the management board with regard to the adequacy of
their implementation.
2. BANK’S INTERNAL GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS, INCLUDING DETAILED RISK
MANAGEMENT RULES AND REMUNERATION POLICY AND PRACTICES
2.1 General requirements with regard to bank’s internal governance arrangements
Article 8
(corporate culture and code of practice and ethics)
(1) The Management body shall, for the purpose of implementing the stable internal governance
arrangements referred to in Article 148 of the ZBan-3 and on the basis of its own example, set a
standard for the bank’s corporate culture that:
- is based on the bank’s corporate values, based on which the conduct expected of members of
the Management body and other employees is in accordance with due professional diligence and
ethics, the rules for the prevention of conflicts of interest, and regulations, standards and the bank’s
bylaws;
- promotes a risk management culture that is in accordance with the adopted risk appetite, risk
limits and risk bearing capacity;
- sets out measures for cases of a failure to uphold or a breach of the bank’s corporate values and
the established standards of the risk management culture.
(2) The bank shall, for the purpose of attaining a high corporate culture, put in place and
implement a code of conduct for members of the Management body and other employees (hereinafter:
code of conduct). The code of conduct shall define acceptable and unacceptable behaviour of
employees at all of the bank’s hierarchical and organisational levels, including the bank’s committees,
commissions and advisory bodies, and shall set out a policy of zero tolerance on the part of the bank to
actions by individuals that could have an adverse impact on the bank’s reputation, or that are
inadmissible from a legal, moral or ethical perspective.
(3) The bank shall provide for regular reviews of the implementation of the code of conduct by the
persons referred to in the first paragraph of this article, and shall set out a function or a commission
that takes a position on suspected breaches of the code of conduct. The Management body shall be
informed of the findings of these reviews.
2.2 Organisational structure
2.2.1 Attributes of organisational structure
Article 9
(general requirements)
(1) The organisational structure referred to in point 1 of the first paragraph of Article 148 of the
ZBan-3 is deemed clear if it ensures:
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- precisely defined, transparent, consistent and established internal relationships between powers
and responsibilities at all hierarchical and organisational levels that uphold the rules for the prevention
of conflicts of interest at the level of the bank or at the level of the members of the Management body;
- established transparent reporting flows between hierarchical and organisational levels;
- effective communication and involvement at and between all hierarchical and organisational
levels for the purposes of:
- an effective, transparent and documented process of taking business decisions and decisions
with regard to the bank’s risk management, and
- access on the part of the bank’s employees to information that is material to the proper
exercise of their powers and responsibilities.
(2) In the event of any changes to the organisational structure, the Management body shall provide
for an assessment of the impact of the changes on the stability of the internal governance
arrangements, and on the bank’s capital and liquidity. The risk committee shall be informed of the
assessment of the impact of the changes on the stability of the internal governance arrangements, and
on the bank’s capital and liquidity.
Article 10
(prevention of conflicts of interest)
(1) A bank shall ensure that the risk policies referred to in Article 6 of this regulation include
policies for identifying and preventing or managing conflicts of interest at the level of the bank or at
the level of members of the Management body (hereinafter: conflicts of interest policy).
(2) The conflicts of interest policy shall define the manner in which conflicts of interest are
identified and managed, including practical examples of conflicts of interest and measures in the event
of the failure to uphold the policy.
(3) The conflicts of interest policy at the level of the group shall include the bank’s approach to
identifying and preventing or managing conflicts of interest in the group, including those deriving
from intra-group transactions.
2.2.2 Senior management and other employees
Article 11
(responsibility of senior management)
The senior management shall exercise its responsibilities in relation to the bank’s day to day
operations in a manner commensurate with the objectives, strategies and policies referred to in Article
4 of this regulation, considering the accepted risk appetite and risk limits, the risk bearing capacity and
the incentives deriving from the remuneration policies and practices for this category of the bank’s
employees. The senior management’s internal organisation and procedures of acting and decisionmaking shall be transparent and based on the precisely defined, consistent and established powers and
responsibilities of individual functions of the senior management, including the requisite reporting to
the management board on matters that are necessary to the exercise of the management board’s
responsibility for the bank’s operations and risk management referred to in the second paragraph of
Article 156 of the ZBan-3.
Article 12
(supervision of senior management)
The management board shall ensure the effective supervision on the basis of:
- defined performance criteria for the actions of the senior management;
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2. appropriate measures in the event of the failure to meet the performance criteria for the actions
of the senior management or the failure considering of the bank’s corporate values and the risk
management culture.
Article 13
(employees and HR policy)
(1) A bank shall ensure that the risk policies referred to in the first paragraph of Article 6 of this
regulation include an appropriate HR policy, inter alia for the purpose of ensuring a sufficient number
of qualified employees with regard to the bank’s operational needs, the scale and complexity of the
risks inherent in the bank’s business model, and the bank’s risk profile.
(2) In the event of major changes being planned in the number of employees (e.g. a long-term
reduction in the number of employees for reason of austerity measures or other measures) in
individual key business lines, functions, processes, products or models (hereinafter: work area), the
bank shall provide for analysis of the impact of these changes on the bank’s operations. In the impact
analysis, in addition to the staffing reduction in terms of actual number, the bank shall take account of
the significance of their knowledge, experience and skills to the individual work area or to the bank.
Before any decision on such a reduction in the number of employees, the management board shall be
briefed on the impact analysis and, where appropriate, shall provide for appropriate risk management
measures referred to in Article 23 of this regulation, including the requisite adjustments to the risk
strategies and policies referred to in the first paragraph of Article 4 of this regulation.
Article 14
(key function holders and process of assessing their suitability)
(1) A bank shall ensure that key function holders have suitable replacements and a succession plan
for the purpose of managing operational risk deriving from a lengthy absence or the possibility of the
unexpected termination of the employment relationship by a key function holder.
(2) For the purpose of assessing the suitability of key function holders, the bank shall define its
key function holders.
2.2.2 Group level
Article 15
(risk objectives, strategies and policies of parent bank)
(1) A bank that has the position of a parent bank shall, for the purpose of effectively exercising the
responsibilities of the Management body in connection with the operations and supervision of the
group, put in place and implement the objectives, strategies and policies referred to in the first
paragraph of Article 4 of this regulation at group level and the group’s corporate values. These
objectives, strategies and policies shall take account of the regulations and requirements of the
competent and supervisory bodies of subsidiaries and the independence of the governing bodies of
subsidiaries in taking decisions that are in accordance with the interests of the subsidiaries.
(2) The group’s risk policies shall include the explicit obligation of the bank’s subsidiaries to
uphold all the relevant instructions of the parent bank with regard to the implementation of the
objectives, strategies and policies of the group referred to in the first paragraph of this article, having
regard for the nature, scale and complexity of the risks inherent in the subsidiary’s business model and
the activities that it pursues.
Article 16
(risk objectives, strategies and policies of subsidiary bank)
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In implementing the group’s business objectives, strategies and policies and the instructions of the
parent bank, a bank that has the position of a subsidiary shall ensure that its operations comply with
regulations, standards and bylaws and with the requirements of the Bank of Slovenia and other
competent supervisory authorities. To this end the bank that has the position of a subsidiary shall put
in place and implement risk strategies and policies that inter alia set out:
- the extent to which the Management body is responsible for the appropriate observance of the
group’s business objectives, strategies and policies, and the parent bank’s instructions;
- the Management body’s responsibility for ensuring that the group’s business objectives,
strategies and policies and the instructions of the parent bank do not contravene the applicable
regulations, standards and the bank’s bylaws or the requirements of the Bank of Slovenia and other
competent supervisory authorities.
2.3 Risk management
2.3.1 Risk take-up
Article 17
(risk appetite and Management body’s concise risk statement)
(1) A bank shall ensure that its take-up of risks at any moment is in accordance with the adopted
risk appetite referred to point 8 of the second paragraph of Article 3 of this regulation. The bank’s
approach to the realisation of the risk appetite shall be integral, shall take account of the interests of
the bank’s owners and other stakeholders, and shall be based on the bank’s policies, processes and
internal controls and the corresponding responsibilities of the risk management function and the
compliance function.
(2) The Management body shall explain the bank’s approach to the realisation of the risk appetite
referred to in the first paragraph of this article on the basis of the concise risk statement referred to in
point (f) of the first paragraph of Article 435 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013. This statement shall
include:
- a definition of the highest overall level of risk and the levels and types of individual significant
risks referred to in the first and second paragraphs of Article 19 of this regulation that the bank, for the
purpose of implementing its business objectives, strategies and policies, and having regard for its risk
bearing capacity, is ready to take up or is to avoid, both in normal operating conditions and in stress
conditions;
- a definition of quantitative risk management criteria, including risk limits and other risk
management measures, and an explanation with regard to the impact of these criteria on the bank’s
earnings, capital, liquidity and other performance indicators;
- the bank’s descriptive views with regard to its readiness and incentives for the take-up or
management of hard-to-measure risks, including the approach to the management of operational risk,
reputation risk, prevention of money laundering and other unethical business practices (qualitative risk
management measures);
- an explanation with regard to the constraints and other aspects of operations that the bank takes
into account in the implementation of its business objectives, strategies and policies.
(3) The bank shall, for the purpose of the consistent application of the Management body’s concise
risk statement in the bank’s everyday operations, provide the requisite information to the bank’s
employees with regard to the definitions and the importance of the consistent realisation of the
adopted risk appetite and the methods for taking it into account in the bank’s daily business decisions.
Article 18
(risk bearing capacity)
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(1) A bank shall ensure that its take-up of significant risks at any moment is within the framework
of the risk bearing capacity referred to in point 10 of the second paragraph of Article 3 of this
regulation.
(2) The bank shall put in place a methodology for assessing the risk bearing capacity at any
moment, which takes account of:
- all significant risks that the bank takes up within the framework of its operations, including
interactions and risk concentrations;
- the available measures for managing the identified and assessed risks;
e. the bank’s capital and liquidity;
- other restrictions, including any restrictions deriving from the bank’s bylaws, regulations and
standards, or the requirements of the Bank of Slovenia and other competent and supervisory
authorities.
Where specific risks or other factors are not taken into account in the assessment of the risk
bearing capacity, the bank shall explain what the risks and factors are, citing the reasons why they
have not been taken into account.
(3) The bank shall regularly asses the risk bearing capacity, including during any significant
change in exposure to taken-up risks. The assessment of risk bearing capacity shall be documented.
The bank shall review the adequacy of the methodology for assessing risk bearing capacity at least
once a year, including the proposals for its potential updating.
Article 19
(bank’s risk)
(1) The risks that a bank takes up within the framework of its operations may include credit risk
and counterparty risk, concentration risk within the framework of credit risk, market risks, interest rate
risk, liquidity risk, operational risk (including legal risk), compliance risk, model risk, reputation risk,
strategic risk, capital risk, profitability risk, risk of excessive leverage, and securitisation risk.
(1) The risks that a bank takes up within the framework of its operations may include credit risk
and counterparty risk, concentration risk within the framework of credit risk, market risks, interest rate
risk, liquidity risk, operational risk (including legal risk, model risk, and ICT risk), compliance risk,
reputation risk, strategic risk, capital risk, profitability risk, risk of excessive leverage, and
securitisation risk.
(2) The bank shall ensure that at any moment it is capable of managing all of its other significant
risks on a consolidated, sub-consolidated and individual basis. Significant risks shall be identified
early, treated comprehensively, monitored within the framework of the bank’s daily activities and
presented in timely fashion to the Management body, the senior management, the internal audit
department and, if any, the compliance department. Effective risk management reduces the probability
of unexpected losses, and consequently prevents reputation risk deriving from such losses.
(3) In addition to the general requirements in connection with risk management set out by this
regulation, the bank shall additionally meet the requirements with regard to the treatment of the
following risks:
- credit risk;
- liquidity risk;
- operational risk;
- market risks and
- interest rate risk from non-trading book activities.
The requirements referred to in points 1 to 4 of the first subparagraph of this paragraph are
discussed in detail in Appendices 1 to 4 of this regulation.
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2.3.2 Risk management
Article 20
(general provisions on risk management processes)
(1) The risk management processes referred to in point 2 of the first paragraph of Article 148 of
the ZBan-3 are deemed effective if they facilitate the production of high-quality assessments, analysis,
reports, proposals of measures and other results of these processes, including an internal assessment of
risk-based capital requirements and an internal capital assessment, based on which the management
board is able to take business decisions that are in accordance with the adopted risk appetite, and other
measures in connection with the realisation of stable internal governance arrangements at the bank.
(2) The bank shall provide for systematic planning of the development of the risk management
processes referred to in the first paragraph of this article, for the purpose of their effective tailoring to
any changes in the bank’s risk profile, the risks of the external environment and best risk management
practice.
Article 21
(identification and assessment or measurement of risks)
(1) The process of identifying risks shall ensure that all the significant risks referred to in the first
and second paragraphs of Article 19 of this regulation are taken into account. The identification of
significant risks shall include:
- comprehensive risk analysis, including risks that could have an adverse impact on the bank’s
earnings, liquidity and share value;
- consideration of risk concentrations and the potential risks inherent in the complexity of the
bank’s legal and organisational structure;
- analysis of trends for the purpose of identifying new or emerging risks as a result of changes in
the bank’s business conditions.
(2) The process of the ordinary and, where appropriate, extraordinary assessment or measurement
of the identified risks referred to in the first paragraph of this article shall be based on:
- established and documented processes for the assessment or measurement of losses that are in
accordance with the bank’s methodologies for the calculation of minimum own funds requirements;
- the use of an appropriate toolkit of scenarios with regard to causes of risk and risk interactions;
- the use of appropriate and reliable databases.
(3) In the process of the identification and assessment of significant risks, a bank shall ensure the
involvement of all relevant organisational units, including the bank’s commercial divisions.
Article 22
(stress tests)
(1) A bank shall provide for a comprehensive approach to the implementation of stress tests and
sensitivity analysis (hereinafter: stress tests) that includes:
- the identification of the most significant causes of risk, and the preparation of appropriate stress
scenarios;
- the application of the results of stress tests for the purpose of:
- identifying risks and the development of the bank’s exposure to these risks,
- reviewing the adequacy of assessments or measurements of risks;
- compiling a toolkit of potential risk management measures referred to in the first paragraph of
Article 23 of this regulation in the event of adverse operating conditions for the bank (e.g. the
preparation of business continuity plans).
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(2) The bank shall take account of the results of stress tests in the process of reviewing and
planning the bank’s risk appetite, risk limits and risk bearing capacity, planning the bank’s capital and
liquidity, and making an internal assessment of capital adequacy and sustainable liquidity. The
Management body, the risk committee, the relevant senior management and the internal audit
department shall be briefed on the results of stress tests. The management board shall confirm the
results of stress tests on each occasion.
(3) The management board shall review and approve the stress scenarios referred to in the first
paragraph of this article on each occasion, and shall brief the risk committee accordingly.
Article 23
(risk management)
(1) The process of managing taken-up risks shall ensure the definition and implementation of
potential risk management measures including:
- the transfer or diversification of risks (e.g. via insurance) or the avoidance of risks (e.g. via the
withdrawal of a product or business line);
- risk limitation (e.g. via risk limits);
- the temporary acceptance or take-up of risks that exceed the adopted risk limits, because their
mitigation over the relevant period is not possible;
- the acceptance or take-up of risks that cannot be mitigated to the level of the adopted risk limits
or cannot be adequately insured against.
(2) The bank shall ensure that the measures referred to in point 3 of the first paragraph of this
article are applied in exceptional cases only, and on the basis of an appropriate approval by the
management board, which shall be briefed on the effects of such measures regularly.
(3) The risk management function shall propose the measures referred to in the first paragraph of
this article for identified and assessed or measured risks, and shall guide and monitor their
implementation. In the event of a decision by the management board with regard to the acceptance of
significant risks referred to in points 3 and 4 of the first paragraph of this article, in conjunction with
the organisational units that are taking up the risks the risk management function shall provide for the
regular monitoring and reporting of the risks for the purpose of managing these risks within the agreed
risk limits or in accordance with the management board’s decisions.
Article 24
(risk monitoring and communication about risks)
(1) The process of monitoring risks shall ensure systematic communication about risks at all of the
bank’s hierarchical and organisational levels, including reporting on risks to the Management body,
the senior management and the internal control functions.
(2) Effective risk monitoring ensures that the take-up of risks is in accordance with the risk limits
put in place. To this end the bank shall put in place:
- a system that facilitates the identification of breaches of risk limits in an appropriate time with
regard to the nature and type of the risks;
- procedures for handling breaches of risk limits and for determining the causes of the breaches,
including the corresponding measures;
- procedures for informing the Management body, the risk committee, the senior management
and the risk management function with regard to breaches of risk limits.
Article 25
(regular and ad hoc reports on risks)
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(1) The reporting on risks referred to in the first paragraph of Article 24 of this regulation shall be
based on a transparent reporting system that includes regular and ad hoc reports on risks.
(2) The regular reports on risks referred to in the first paragraph of this article shall facilitate the
monitoring of effective decisions with regard to measures to manage and control risks, and the
monitoring of the results of such measures. These reports shall provide for a clear overview of the risk
profile, particularly on the basis of information about:
- the consideration of risk appetite across different business lines, and breaches of risk limits;
- the bank’s significant risks and the assessments thereof;
- the results of stress tests.
(3) The ad hoc reports on risks referred to in the first paragraph of this article shall facilitate the
earliest possible reporting of extraordinary information on the occurrence of a significant risk that
requires immediate attention or action on the part of the management board or the senior management.
The management board shall brief the supervisory board on such risks without delay.
(4) In connection with the compilation of reports on risks the bank shall provide for an appropriate
level of automation in the process of preparing individual reports that ensures their compliance with
the actual situation. In the event of manual interventions in the content of a report, the bank shall
provide for appropriate internal controls (e.g. an audit trail, the four eyes principle).
Article 26
(adequacy of reports on risks)
(1) The scope and detail of reports on risks shall take account of the needs of the target users of the
reports, as follows:
- the bank’s Management body and senior management shall receive comprehensive information
about all significant issues in connection with the bank’s operations and its risks;
- the internal audit department, the risk management function and the bank’s other managers shall
receive relevant information about key issues in connection with the bank’s operations and its risks.
Information is deemed relevant if is presented in a manner that transparently summarises the
significant content of an issue with regard to its priority.
(2) Reports on risks shall be:
- understandable; reports are deemed understandable if they contain clear and accurate
information about risks;
- sufficient; reports are deemed sufficient if they include all significant risks and together provide
for a comprehensive overview of the bank’s risk profile;
- useful; reports are deemed useful if they constitute a basis for the adoption of appropriate
measures;
- comparable and compatible; reports are deemed comparable and compatible if their form is as
standardised as possible with regard to the information that they contain;
- timely; reports are deemed timely if they facilitate the taking of decisions in an appropriate time
with regard to the nature and type of the risks.
2.3.3 Management of risks inherent in new products and use of external contractors
Article 27
(risks of new products and external contractors)
(1) A bank shall ensure that the risks inherent in the introduction of new products are also included
in the risk management processes referred to in Article 20 of this regulation.
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(2) Should the bank use external contractors in the pursuit of its processes, services or activities,
the risk management processes referred to in the first paragraph of this article shall also include the
risks inherent in the use of external contractors. For the purposes of this regulation, the term “external
contractor” shall apply to persons that, on the basis of an outsourcing agreement between the bank and
the external contractor, performs, in whole or in part, a process, service or activity that would
otherwise be undertaken by the bank itself.
Article 28
(policy for approval of new products)
For the purpose of managing the risks inherent in the introduction of new products, a bank shall
put in place and implement a policy for the approval of new products. This policy shall include:
- a definition of what the bank deems a new product and of other circumstances that have a
material impact on the bank’s risks (e.g. significant changes in existing products, new services, new
systems and models, new business lines, entry into new markets, new large-scale and complex
transactions or transactions requiring the use of a larger number of employees);
- the factors and principal issues that the bank must take into account or discuss before the
introduction of a new product, including:
- whether the new product complies with regulations, standards and the bank’s bylaws,
- the impact of the introduction of the new product on the bank’s risk profile, capital and
earnings,
- whether the availability of the bank’s human and financial resources is sufficient for the
purpose of the introduction and implementation of the new product;
- the powers and responsibilities in the testing, introduction and implementation of the new
product.
Article 29
(policy for use of external contractors)
(1) For the purpose of managing the risks inherent in the use of external contractors, a bank shall
put in place and implement a policy for the use of external contractors. This policy shall include:
- a definition of what is deemed an external contractor by the bank;
- details of the bank’s approach to the use of external contractors and to quality assurance in their
services;
- the basic principles and guidelines with regard to the management of the risks inherent in the
use of external contractors;
- details of the approach to ensuring business continuity in connection with the activities
outsourced to external contractors;
- the toolkit of measures in the event of the unexpected termination of the contractual relationship
with external contractors.
(2) The bank shall ensure that the use of external contractors does not prejudice:
- the pursuit of its business activities;
- the risk management referred to in the first paragraph of Article 23 of this regulation, and
- the internal control mechanisms referred to in the first paragraph of Article 31 of this regulation.
(3) The bank shall put in place a documented plan for the use of external contractors, including a
detailed definition of:
- the manner of the management of the risks inherent in the use of external contractors;
- reports on the risks inherent in the use of external contractors;
- the responsibility for monitoring the compliance of external contractors’ actions with
regulations, standards and the bank’s bylaws.
(4) The bank shall ensure that the contractual rights and obligations of the bank and the external
contractors are precisely defined and understandable. The bank’s contractual rights shall include the
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possibility of the early termination of the contractual relationship with external contractors at the
bank’s request. The contractual obligations of external contractors shall include:
- protection of the bank’s data;
- compliance of external contractors’ actions with regulations and standards;
- full access on the part of authorised persons or functions of the bank to all the premises and data
of external contractors related to the provision of the services in question, and the right to view the
premises and data.
(5) An external contractor shall provide the agreed level of service on the basis of a service level
agreement. The service level agreement shall contain quantitative and/or qualitative criteria based on
which the bank and the external contractor can assess the level of service. Should the level of service
fail to comply with the service level agreement, the bank shall take appropriate measures.
Article 30
(approval of new product and use of external contractor)
(1) The introduction of any new product or the use of an external contractor shall be subject to the
bank’s approval, having regard for a risk assessment drawn up by the relevant organisational unit in
conjunction with the risk management function, or another internal control function where appropriate.
In the event that the risk assessment makes it evident that the impact of the new product or the use of
the external contractor would be material, the introduction or use shall be subject to the approval of the
management board.
(2) The risk assessment referred to in the first paragraph of this article shall be comprehensive and
impartial, and shall be based on relevant risk scenarios, having regard for:
- any deficiencies in the risk management process and in internal controls in respect of the
effective management of the corresponding risks;
- the adequacy of the methodologies and skills of the risk management function, the compliance
department if any, the information technology function and the business lines in respect of the
appropriate assessment and management of the corresponding risks;
- the impact of the introduction of the new product or the use of the external contractor on the risk
bearing capacity.
(3) Should it be evident from the assessment that adequate risk management referred to in the first
paragraph of Article of 23 of this regulation is not ensured, the bank shall defer the introduction of the
new product or the use of the external contractor until the establishment of adequate risk management
processes, and shall inform the management board accordingly where appropriate.
2.4 Internal control mechanisms
Article 31
(internal controls and internal control functions)
(1) The suitability of internal control mechanisms referred to in point 3 of the first paragraph of
Article 148 of the ZBan-3 shall be determined by the independence, quality and validity of:
- the rules for and controls of the implementation of the bank’s organisational procedures,
business procedures and work procedures (hereinafter: internal controls);
- the internal control functions and departments (hereinafter: internal control functions).
(2) The internal controls referred to in point 1 of the first paragraph of this article are deemed
suitable if they provide for systematic control of all of the bank’s significant risks that is exercised on
the basis of the bank’s policies, processes and measures.
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(3) The internal control functions referred to in point 2 of the first paragraph of this article are
deemed suitable if they provide for an independent and objective assessment of effectiveness and
compliance with regard to the bank’s internal governance arrangements on the basis of the review and
assessment of the adequacy of risk strategies and policies, the bank’s risk management processes,
procedures and methodologies, and reporting on risks.
2.4.1 Internal controls
Article 32
(general)
(1) Internal controls shall be put in place at all levels of the bank’s organisational structure,
including the levels of commercial, control and support functions, and at the level of each of the
bank’s financial services. The bank shall ensure the implementation of internal controls within the
framework of the bank’s day-to-day processes, procedures and activities.
(2) Employees shall be made to understand the purpose and importance of internal controls in the
bank’s operations, and the importance of their contribution to the effective implementation thereof.
Article 33
(internal control rules and procedures)
(1) A bank shall ensure the implementation of internal controls primarily on the basis of
documented rules and procedures for:
- ensuring the compliance of the bank’s operations with regulations, standards and bylaws, and
the requirements of the Bank of Slovenia and other competent supervisory authorities;
- monitoring the compliance of business transactions and investments with the adopted risk
limits;
- supervising the proper implementation of the prescribed work procedures in connection with
operational and organisational activities on the part of employees;
- verifying the correctness of internal and external reports;
- securing the bank’s assets;
- developing and safeguarding the security of the bank’s information systems and information.
In the event of deficiencies, irregularities or breaches identified in the processes of the
implementation of internal controls (e.g. breaches of risk limits or work procedures), the bank shall
provide for the requisite procedures to discuss the findings, and for the corresponding measures in
cases of an intentional breach of the bank’s rules.
(2) The process of ensuring the compliance of the bank’s operations referred to in point 1 of the
first paragraph of this article shall take account of the bank’s compliance policy referred to in Article
42 of this regulation. The internal controls shall ensure the proper implementation of the bank’s
approach to the management of compliance risk in all of its transactions and all the activities of the
bank’s employees.
(3) The business transactions referred to in point 2 of the first paragraph of this article shall take
account of the risk appetite and the established risk limits. The internal controls shall ensure the proper
implementation of business transactions, and the approval of business transactions that exceptionally
transgress the risk limits on the part of the competent employees.
(4) Work procedures in connection with the implementation of procedures in operational and
organisational activities on the part of employees referred to in point 3 of the first paragraph of this
article shall be set out by means of appropriate instructions, rulebooks and other bylaws of the bank
that include rules with regard to powers and responsibilities, the allocation of tasks, decision-making
in the implementation of procedures (hereinafter: instructions) and descriptions of operational
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processes. For the purpose of preventing the incorrect implementation of work procedures, the internal
controls shall ensure the requisite segregation of powers and responsibilities in the implementation of
work procedures, including the establishment of information firewalls, functional and organisational
separation between the bank’s relevant functions, the implementation of the four eyes principle, and
the mutual vetting and implementation of the rule of a left signatory and a right signatory for
important documents.
(5) The internal and external reports referred to in point 4 of the first paragraph of this article shall
contain the requisite information for the purpose of taking business decisions and decisions in
connection with risk monitoring and management, including the corresponding measures. The internal
controls shall, on the basis of physical and logical controls, ensure the identification of any
deficiencies and errors in reports, and other irregularities in the compilation of reports.
(6) The securing of the bank’s assets and information referred to in point 5 of the first paragraph of
this article shall be based on the requisite restriction of access on the part of unauthorised persons to
the bank’s movable and immovable assets, including access to information systems and the protection
of confidential information. To this end the internal controls shall provide for physical barriers, logical
and physical controls, the use of a security service or the requisite security technology, and other
measures.
(7) The internal controls in respect of information systems referred to in point 6 of the first
paragraph of this article shall include:
- in the implementation of the information systems development strategy: determination of
compliance with business processes, the quality of project planning, the involvement of the requisite
personnel, and awareness of the pertinent issue at various management levels;
- in the safeguarding of the security of information systems: logical and physical controls of
access to information systems;
- with regard to hardware: determination of its adequacy with regard to the requirements of the
pertinent business processes, internal and technical standards, and the regularity of its maintenance.
Hardware means physical computer and communications equipment;
- with regard to software: determination of its compliance and use in business processes in the
sense of meeting users’ requirements and the segregation of the functions of the development,
maintenance and use of software. Software means the computer programs, procedures and rules that
ensure that hardware operates as planned.
(8) The bank may also implement internal controls by means of other activities and measures that
are carried out by employees at their own discretion at the level of the bank’s individual business
activities, processes and procedures, for the purpose of preventing actions and activities on the part of
employees that are not in accordance with their powers, including actions associated with fraud.
2.4.2 Internal control functions and information security management function
Article 34
(general)
(1) The internal control functions shall include:
- the internal audit department referred to in the first paragraph of Article 161 of the ZBan-3;
- the risk management function referred to in in the first paragraph of Article 158 of the ZBan-3;
- the compliance function or service referred to in Article 166 of the ZBan-3.
(2) A bank shall also put in place an information security management function, and shall
designate a head of this function. The information security management function shall have a position
comparable to that of the functions referred to in the first paragraph of this article, particularly from
the perspective of ensuring the independence, powers and responsibilities of this function.
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2.4.2.1 Internal audit department
Article 35
(effectiveness and independence of internal audit department)
(1) The internal audit department shall provide the Management body, the audit committee and the
senior management with an independent assessment with regard to the quality and effectiveness of the
internal governance arrangements, including the bank’s risk management systems and processes and
internal controls (hereinafter: internal audit department’s independent assessment). The internal audit
department shall support and assist the Management body in safeguarding the bank’s long-term
interests and protecting its reputation.
(2) For the purpose of realising the independence of action of the internal audit department, the
management board shall ensure that the internal audit department:
- implements and coordinates internal auditing tasks at its own initiative, in all the bank’s areas,
activities, processes and functions, including the risk management function and compliance
department, without the internal audit department’s employees being exposed to any attempts at undue
influence or pressure on the part of a member of the Management body or a member of the senior
management for the purpose of prejudicing the independence of action of the internal audit
department;
- does not participate directly in the determination, development, establishment and
implementation of the internal controls referred to in Article 34 of this regulation;
- has the right of access to all of the bank’s premises, employees, information and data.
(3) For the purpose of realising the effectiveness of the internal audit department, the management
board shall ensure:
- the consistent and timely treatment of all reports, findings and proposed measures submitted by
the internal audit department, and shall require the senior management to arrange for the requisite
rectification of the identified breaches and irregularities in accordance with the agreed deadlines. An
explanation of any failure to observe the recommendations of the internal audit department and any
delay in the rectification of identified irregularities relative to the agreed deadlines shall be provided in
writing to the internal audit department by the recipient of the recommendations;
- the timely briefing of the internal audit department with regard to all significant decisions (e.g.
the introduction of new products, the significant use of external contractors, a change in information
technology) and the bank’s significant risks. The internal audit department shall take account of this
information in its risk assessment for the purposes of the annual work plan.
(4) For the purpose of realising the independence of action of the internal audit department, the
supervisory board shall monitor the effectiveness and efficiency of the execution of the internal
auditing tasks of the internal audit department on the basis of:
- discussion of the internal audit reports referred to in the fourth and fifth paragraphs of Article
164 of the ZBan-3;
- regular meetings (e.g. on a quarterly basis) between the chairperson of the supervisory board or
the chairperson of the audit committee and the head of the internal audit department. These meetings
shall take place without the presence of members of the management board, their nominees and other
members of the senior management.
(5) The bank shall grant the head of the internal audit department access to the minutes of sessions
of the supervisory board.
Article 36
(employees at internal audit department)
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(1) A bank shall ensure that the number and qualifications of the employees of the internal audit
department are commensurate with the nature, scale and complexity of the risks inherent in the bank’s
business model. The employees shall have the requisite knowledge, experience and skills to perform
their tasks, including reviews of specific areas and activities of the bank.
(2) Internal auditors that perform internal auditing tasks at the bank shall make a written
declaration at least once a year of any conflicts of interest in connection with the performance of
internal auditing tasks.
(3) The bank shall put in place and implement a training programme for employees of the internal
audit department with regard to the areas and complexity of their tasks.
Article 37
(notification of management board and supervisory board)
A bank shall ensure that in the cases referred to in the first and second paragraphs of Article 165
of the ZBan-3 the internal audit department notifies the management board or the supervisory board
independently and without hindrance. Without hindrance means that the internal audit department
reports to the management board or the supervisory board without any requirements or pressures from
a member of the Management body or the senior management for the inappropriate adjustment or
omission of information. To this end the bank shall ensure that the manner of notification of the
management board and the supervisory board is determined by the internal audit department, and not
by the management board or the supervisory board. Independent notification means that in the cited
cases the internal audit department is able to notify the supervisory board without the prior mandatory
submission of information to the management board for signing or approval.
2.4.2.2 Risk management function
Article 38
(risk management function)
(1) The purpose, importance and tasks of the risk management function shall be defined in a bylaw
adopted by the management board, on which the supervisory board is briefed.
(2) Persons who perform tasks of the risk management function referred to in the fourth paragraph
of Article 158 of the ZBan-3 may not perform any other tasks in which a conflict of interest could
arise.
Article 39
(appointment of head of risk management function)
A bank shall notify the supervisory board of the appointment of the head of the risk management
function.
Article 40
(participation in drafting of strategy)
The risk management function shall participate in the drafting of the bank’s risk management
strategy and in all important decisions with regard to risk management referred to in point 2 of the
fourth paragraph of Article 158 of the ZBan-3 on the basis of the production of:
- analysis of the bank’s risks, which the Management body takes into account in the
determination of the risk appetite;
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2. an assessment of the adequacy of the proposed risk management strategy with regard to the
realism and consistency of the business objectives of organisational units, including the requisite
opinion for the Management body, before the adoption of its decision with regard to the risk
management strategy;
3. proposals of risk limits for the bank’s organisational units.
Article 41
(direct access to supervisory board)
(1) A bank shall provide for the regular participation of the head of the risk management function
at sessions of the supervisory board in the parts relating to the issue of risks, and at sessions of the risk
committee. At these sessions the head of the risk management function shall present impartial analysis
of the bank’s risks, and shall represent the positions of the risk management function that are in
accordance with the risk appetite. The bank shall grant the head of the risk management function
access to the minutes of sessions of the supervisory board in the parts consisting of the agenda items
related to the area of work of this function.
(2) The bank shall ensure that in the cases referred to in the sixth and seventh paragraphs of
Article 158 of the ZBan-3 the head of the risk management function notifies the management board or
the chairperson of the supervisory board (or the chairperson of the audit committee) independently and
without hindrance. Without hindrance means that the head of the risk management function notifies
the management board or the chairperson of the supervisory board (or the chairperson of the risk
committee) without any requirements or pressures from a member of the Management body or the
senior management for the inappropriate adjustment or omission of information. To this end the bank
shall ensure that the manner of notification of the management board and the supervisory board is
determined by the risk management function, and not by the management board or the supervisory
board. Independent notification means that in the cited cases the head of the risk management function
is able to notify the chairperson of the supervisory board or the chairperson of the risk committee
without the prior submission of the notification in question to the management board for signing or
approval.
2.4.2.3 Compliance function
Article 42
(compliance policy)
A bank shall put in place and implement a compliance policy. This policy shall in particular set
out:
- the bank’s approach to the management of compliance risk set out by the management board,
and the basic principle for realising the bank’s compliance;
- the general standards for ensuring compliance for all employees, and detailed rules for ensuring
compliance for individual groups of employees;
- an explanation of the most important procedures for identifying and managing compliance risk
at various levels of the bank’s organisational structure.
Article 43
(compliance function or department)
(1) The management board shall ensure that the compliance department referred to in Article 166
of the ZBan-3 has the requisite authorisations and influence to perform that function, and sufficient
human and financial resources for the effective identification of compliance risk. The compliance
department shall be headed by a person in an appropriate hierarchical position at the bank (e.g. a
senior manager).
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(2) Persons who perform tasks of the compliance department referred to in the second paragraph
of Article 166 of the ZBan-3, including the head of the compliance department, may not perform any
other activities or tasks at the bank that fall within the scope of activities that the compliance
department is monitoring and supervising, or where a conflict of interest could arise.
(3) For the purpose of the realisation of the independent identification of compliance risk at the
bank, the management board shall ensure that the compliance department implements and coordinates
these tasks at its own initiative, including investigations of any breaches of the compliance policy
referred to in the first paragraph of Article 42 of this regulation, without the compliance department’s
employees being exposed to any attempts at undue influence or pressure on the part of a member of
the Management body or a member of the senior management for the purpose of prejudicing the
independence of action of the compliance department.
(4) For the purpose of realising the effectiveness of the compliance department, the management
board shall ensure the consistent and timely treatment of all reports, findings and proposed measures
submitted by the compliance department, and shall require the senior management to arrange for the
requisite rectification of the identified irregularities in accordance with the agreed deadlines. An
explanation of any failure to observe the recommendations of the compliance department and any
delay in the rectification of identified irregularities relative to the agreed deadlines shall be provided in
writing by the recipient of the recommendations.
(5) For the purpose of the proper performance of the compliance function, the provisions of this
regulation applying to the compliance department shall apply mutatis mutandis to banks where a
compliance department is not independently organised.
Article 44
(compliance department’s tasks)
The compliance department shall primarily perform the following tasks in connection with the
identification and monitoring of compliance risk:
- conducting an independent investigation of any breaches of compliance policy, including on the
basis of bilateral communications with any of the bank’s employees;
- analysing compliance risk for the purpose of active participation in the review of whether the
introduction of new products complies with regulations, standards and the bank’s bylaws;
- putting in place regular and ad hoc reporting on compliance risk to the Management body and,
where appropriate, to the risk management function and the internal audit department;
- advising the management board and the senior management with regard to compliance,
including the development of regulations and standards in this area;
- training employees with regard to compliance risk;
- producing guidelines for employees with regard to the requisite compliance (e.g. codes,
instructions, manuals);
- acting as a contact address for queries from employees in connection with compliance risk.
Article 45
(head of compliance department)
A bank shall notify the supervisory board of the appointment or dismissal of the head of the
compliance department.
Article 46
(direct access to supervisory board)
(1) A bank shall provide for the regular participation of the head of the compliance department at
sessions of the supervisory board in the parts relating to the compliance risk, and at sessions of the
relevant supervisory board committees. At these sessions the head of the compliance department shall
provide analysis, assessments and other information with regard to compliance risk, and shall
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represent the positions of the compliance department that are in accordance with the compliance
policy. The bank shall grant the head of the compliance department access to the minutes of sessions
of the supervisory board in the parts consisting of the agenda items related to the area of work of this
department.
(2) The bank shall ensure that the compliance function reports its findings referred to in the third
paragraph of Article 166 of the ZBan-3 to the management board, to the supervisory board and, where
appropriate, to the risk management function independently and without hindrance. Without hindrance
means that the compliance department reports to the aforementioned bodies and functions without any
requirements or pressures from a member of the Management body or the senior management for the
inappropriate adjustment or omission of information. To this end the bank shall ensure that the manner
of the aforementioned reporting to the management board and the supervisory board is determined by
the compliance function, and not by the management board or the supervisory board. Independent
notification means that the compliance department is able to report to the supervisory board without
the prior submission of the notification in question to the management board for signing or approval.
2.4.2.4 Information security management function
Article 47
(information security management policy)
A bank shall put in place and implement an appropriate information security management policy
that defines the following at least:
(a) the bank’s objectives in and approach to ensuring the security of information systems and
information, including the basic principles of the realisation of information security;
(b) the principles and procedures for safeguarding the confidentiality, integrity and
availability of information, and the allocation of responsibilities with regard to the security
of information technology, the information stored in the bank’s information systems, and
the corresponding documentation. The “confidentiality” of information means that
information is disclosed solely to authorised persons, the “integrity” of information means
that information is flawless and complete, and the “availability” of information means that
authorised users are guaranteed access to information when necessary;
(c) the general standards of information security for all employees, and detailed rules for
ensuring information security for individual groups of employees;
(d) an explanation of the most important procedures for identifying and managing information
security risks at various levels of the bank’s organisational structure.
Article 48
(purpose and powers of information security management function)
(1) The information security management function shall monitor and control information security
procedures for the purpose of preventing unauthorised access to information in storage, during
processing or during transfer, and changes thereto, including the management of related risks and the
production of analysis of these risks on each occasion for the purposes of the ICAAP.
(2) The management board shall ensure that the information security management function has:
(a) the requisite powers to effectively perform its work;
(b) sufficient human and financial resources for:
i. implementing the information security policy,
ii. effectively managing information security risks,
iii. training and educating the bank’s employees in information security, and
iv. training and educating the bank’s employees in information security management.
(3) For the purpose of ensuring the effectiveness of the information security management function,
the management board shall ensure the consistent and timely processing of all reports, findings and
proposed measures submitted by the aforementioned function, and shall require the senior
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management to arrange for the rectification of the identified irregularities in accordance with the
agreed deadlines. An explanation of any failure to observe the recommendations of the information
security management function and any delay in the rectification of identified irregularities relative to
the agreed deadlines shall be provided in writing by the recipient of the recommendations.
Article 49
(tasks of information security management function)
(1) The tasks of the information security management function shall include:
- regularly analysing information risks, assessing risks, and providing assessments of
compliance with applicable regulations and standards;
- managing security incidents or potential security incidents in collaboration with other
functions at the bank where appropriate (e.g. identifying, assessing, monitoring and
reporting security incidents);
- supervising the implementation of measures to improve the state of information security;
- regularly reviewing and updating the information security policy and ensuring compliance
with this policy;
- making regular and ad hoc reports to the management body on non-compliance, security
incidents, risks, new threats in connection with information security, and the
implementation of measures to improve information security;
- advising the management board and senior management with regard to information security
management, including the development of regulations and standards in this area;
- training employees with regard to information security; and
- producing guidelines for employees with regard to the requisite information security
management (e.g. instructions, manuals).
(2) The risks identified in the area of information security shall be included in reports on
operational risks. In the case of significant risks, they shall be appropriately addressed within the
framework of each ICAAP.
Article 50
(head of information security management function)
(1) The information security management function shall be headed by a person with the requisite
knowledge, experience and authorisations.
(2) Persons who perform tasks of information security management may not perform any
operational tasks that fall under activities that are to be monitored and controlled by the
aforementioned function.
(3) A bank shall notify its supervisory board of the appointment or dismissal of the head of the
information security management function.
Article 51
(direct access to supervisory board and management board)
(1) A bank shall provide for the regular participation of the head of the information security
management function at sessions of the supervisory board in the parts relating to information security
risks. At these sessions the head of the information security management function shall provide
analysis, assessments and other information with regard to information security risks, and shall
represent the positions of the information security management function that are in accordance with
the bank’s information security policy.
(2) The bank shall ensure that the information security management function reports its findings to
the management board and to the supervisory board independently and without hindrance. Without
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hindrance means that the information security management function reports to the aforementioned
bodies and functions without any requirements or pressures from a member of the management body
or the senior management for the inappropriate adjustment or omission of information. To this end the
bank shall ensure that the manner of the aforementioned reporting to the management board and the
supervisory board is determined by the information security management function, and not by the
management board or the supervisory board. Independent reporting means that the information
security management function is able to report to the supervisory board without the prior submission
of the report in question to the management board for signing or approval.
2.5 Remuneration policy and practices
Article 52
(processes and procedures)
(1) The remuneration policy and practices referred to in point 4 of the first paragraph of Article
148 shall be deemed adequate if they take account of the importance of financial incentives for
persons referred to in the second paragraph of Article 189 of the ZBan-3 (hereinafter: employees),
including the following basic principles for defining remuneration policy and practices:
- taking account of restrictions with regard to remuneration;
- taking account of the impact of the variable component of remuneration on the bank’s financial
position;
- setting an appropriate ratio between the fixed and variable components of remuneration;
- assessing employee performance for the purpose of aligning remuneration with risks;
(2) The bank shall pay variable remuneration in a manner in accordance with the requirements set
out in Articles 189 to 191 of the ZBan-3.
Article 53
(restrictions with regard to remuneration)
(1) A bank shall ensure that its remuneration policy does not provide for fringe benefits arising
from the predefined, contractually agreed variable component of remuneration, except under the
following conditions:
- approval of the fringe benefits is only possible for a new hire;
- the use of the fringe benefits is restricted solely to the first year of employment.
(2) The bank shall ensure that remuneration from fees or compensation in connection with
contracts from previous employment is in accordance with the bank’s long-term interests, including
the rules with regard to employee performance and the rules with regard to the withholding, deferral or
reimbursement of funds.
Article 54
(consideration of impact of variable component of remuneration on bank’s financial position)
A bank shall ensure that the variable remuneration policy does not reduce its ability to recapitalise
as required.
Article 55
(appropriate ratio between fixed and variable components of remuneration)
A bank shall ensure that the ratio between the fixed and variable components of remuneration for
various employee categories is appropriately balanced. The balance between the fixed and variable
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components of remuneration is deemed appropriate if the total amount of remuneration is not highly
dependent on the variable component of remuneration which, at the same time, represents an effective
way to encourage employees to achieve or exceed planned work results. The fixed component of
remuneration shall represent a sufficiently high proportion of total remuneration to allow the bank to
implement a fully flexible policy on the variable component of remuneration, including the possibility
to pay no variable component.
Article 56
(assessment of employee performance for purpose of variable component of remuneration)
(1) A bank shall assess the performance of employees over a multi-year period, and shall ensure
that:
- the assessment at any particular time takes account of the employee’s long-term performance;
- the payment of the variable component of remuneration is spread over a period that takes
account of the bank’s business cycle and the bank’s risks.
(2) In assessing employee performance as the basis for calculating the variable component of
remuneration or total variable remuneration, the bank shall take account of the following:
- alignments for all types of the bank’s risks, and
- the costs of capital and liquidity needs.
(3) The bank shall also take account of the alignments for all types of the bank’s risks in the final
allocation of the variable component of remuneration across the bank’s organisational units.
Article 57
(additional rules with regard to remuneration of members of management board and
supervisory board)
The supervisory board shall decide on the remuneration of members of the management board,
taking account of the bank’s remuneration policy referred to in the first paragraph of Article 189 of the
ZBan-3 in so doing.
- FUNCTIONING OF MANAGEMENT BODY AND ITS COMMITTEES, CONDUCT OF
ITS MEMBERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH RELEVANT STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL
DILIGENCE AND ETHICAL STANDARDS, AND PREVENTION OF CONFLICTS OF
INTEREST
3.1 (standards of professional diligence and ethical standards at bank level)
Article 58
(realisation of corporate values)
(1) In their conduct members of the Management body shall uphold the adopted corporate values
referred to in point 1 of the first paragraph of Article 8 of this regulation, and shall meet the highest
standards of professional diligence and ethical standards, including the prevention of circumstances
that entail or could lead to any kind of conflict of interest.
(2) Through their everyday example members of the Management body shall promote a high
culture of risk management referred to in point 2 of the first paragraph of Article 8 of this regulation
that gives the highest priority to the fair, prudent and honest pursuit of the bank’s business activities.
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3.2 Fundamental rules of professional diligence and ethics
Article 59
(duty of care and duty of loyalty)
(1) For the purpose of upholding the standards of professional diligence and ethical standards,
members of the Management body shall exercise their duty of care and duty of loyalty as of the
moment that they assume their functions. The duty of care is the duty of a member of the Management
body to act as prudently when taking decisions in connection with the bank as the responsible person
would act when taking decisions in his/her own affairs, taking account of all available information in
so doing. The duty of loyalty is the duty of a member of the Management body to always act in good
faith and in accordance with the bank’s interests when exercising his/her powers and responsibilities,
and in so doing never to act in his/her private interests, the interests of a third party, or the interests of
a group of other individuals to the detriment of the bank or its shareholders.
(2) The duties referred to in the first paragraph of this article shall be exercised by members of the
Management body primarily by means of participation in the form of constructive criticism in the
discussion of the bank’s most important affairs for the purpose of ceaselessly pursuing the bank’s best
interests. In so doing:
- members of the supervisory board should be actively involved in the supervision of the actions
of the management board and the bank’s operations, on the basis of knowledge and understanding of
the bank’s operations and financial data, and the bank’s objectives, strategies and policies referred to
in the first paragraph of Article 4 of this regulation, and having regard for the regulations, standards
and requirements of the Bank of Slovenia;
- members of the management board should be actively involved in the bank’s operations and the
bank’s risk management, on the basis of conduct in accordance with the bank’s objectives, strategies
and policies.
(3) Members of the supervisory board shall appropriately demonstrate the knowledge and
understanding of the areas referred to in point 1 of the second paragraph of this article at sessions of
the supervisory board, sessions of the supervisory board’s committees on which they sit, and at
meetings with the Bank of Slovenia (hereinafter: meetings). The knowledge and understanding of
these areas is deemed appropriate if the member of the supervisory board is actively involved in the
meetings and participates in discussions by expressing his/her independent views and arguments. This
conduct on the part of members of the supervisory board shall also be evident from the audio
recordings referred to in point 2 of the fourth paragraph of Article 60 of this regulation.
(4) Any member of the supervisory board who on any grounds whatsoever is prevented from
performing his/her function of supervising the actions of the management board or from exercising
his/her powers (e.g. conflicts of interest on the part of the member in question, undue pressures on
his/her independent decision-making, long-term passivity and inaction on the part of other members of
the supervisory board) and who has exercised all mechanisms provided for by applicable regulations,
shall inform the Bank of Slovenia of this situation.
Article 60
(responsible conduct)
(1) A bank shall provide for the clear, documented definition of the responsibilities of individual
members of the Management body in connection with the performance of their functions, including
the corresponding powers, duties, expectations, tasks and work procedures.
(2) Members of the Management body shall perform their functions responsibly, cooperating
closely in so doing for the purpose of realising the bank’s best interest. Members of the Management
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body shall strive to achieve consensus when taking decisions of greatest importance to the bank that
could have a material impact on its operational, financial or legal position.
(3) Responsible conduct on the part of the president of the management board and the other
members of the management board shall include their duty of documented decision-making and
approval of important business decisions and decisions in connection with risk management that are
within the scope of the powers of the management board, without formally or informally transferring
this responsibility to lower hierarchical levels.
(4) For the purpose of monitoring the realisation of responsible conduct on the part of members of
the Management body, the bank shall provide for:
- minutes of sessions of the management board, the supervisory board and their committees;
- an audio recording of sessions of the supervisory board;
- minutes of sessions and meetings of other committees and commissions on which members of
the Management body sit.
The documents referred to in point 2 of the previous paragraph shall be stored for 15 years.
Article 61
(knowledge, experience and independent judgement in decision-making)
(1) Members of the Management body shall have the requisite knowledge and experience,
including personal integrity, to independently exercise their judgement on a basis of constructive
criticism in taking decisions in the bank’s best interest. In so doing members of the Management body
shall take account of all available information and other relevant factors that could have an impact on
the decisions.
(2) The knowledge and experience of a member of the Management body referred to in the first
paragraph of this article is deemed requisite if it includes:
- knowledge of the area of banking and financial services, or other relevant areas (e.g. economics,
law, administration and financial regulations, mathematics, statistics);
- experience acquired in past business-related activity, particularly in the areas of:
- financial markets,
- banking legislation and regulations,
- strategic planning, and the understanding and implementation of a bank’s business strategy or
business plan,
- risk management,
- assessment of the effectiveness of a bank’s internal governance arrangements and
establishment of effective internal control mechanisms,
- interpretation of a bank’s financial data.
(3) The second paragraph of this article notwithstanding, the level and nature of the knowledge
and experience required of members of the management board may differ from the level and nature of
the knowledge and experience required of members of the supervisory board. Accordingly:
- members of the management board shall above all have sufficient working experience acquired
in an executive position for an appropriate period;
- members of the supervisory board shall above all have sufficient experience for the purpose of
ensuring their judgement on a basis of constructive criticism of the management board’s decisions and
the effective supervision of the management board, the effective realisation of their role in adopting
policies and decisions within the scope of the powers of the supervisory board referred to in the first
paragraph of Article 157 of the ZBan-3, and the effective participation in the supervisory board
committees referred to in Article 51 of the ZBan-3.
(4) Members of the Management body shall strive in all circumstances for decisions to be taken
independently and on the basis of expert arguments in the bank’s best interest, and in accordance with
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the ethical standards of management, and on this basis shall assess any opinions or instructions of
those who elected, proposed or appointed them. These circumstances shall also include any opinions
or instructions of the Management body of the parent undertaking for a member of the Management
body of a subsidiary with regard to the implementation of the bank’s business objectives, risk profile,
strategies and policies, and risk appetite.
(5) Notwithstanding the provision on independent decision-making set out in the preceding
paragraph, members of the management board shall fully, exhaustively, accurately and promptly
inform the president and other members of the management board of all significant developments and
the progress of specific operations in the areas for which they are responsible.
(6) Should an individual member of the management board believe that a majority decision taken
by the management board with regard to a specific issue contravenes the bank’s objectives, strategies
and policies, and that it breaches his/her duties set out in the third paragraph of Article 47 of the ZBan3, he/she shall express this dissent via a note and explanation in the minutes of the session of the
management board or the other decision-making body of which he/she is a member.
(7) The member of the supervisory board in question shall notify the other members of the
supervisory board of the receipt of an opinion or instructions referred to in the fourth paragraph of this
article. All members of the supervisory board shall have the same rights and obligations, irrespective
of who elected, proposed or appointed them.
(8) Should an individual member of the supervisory board believe that a majority decision taken
by the supervisory board contravenes the bank’s business objectives or risk management objectives,
he/she shall express this dissent via a note and explanation in the minutes of the session of the
supervisory board.
Article 62
(independent conduct)
(1) In performing their functions members of the Management body shall act and decide
independently, in the bank’s best interest. To this end members of the Management body may not act
in a manner such that their economic, personal or other links with the bank or another entity in the
group, including its governing bodies, unduly influence their impartial, professional, objective, fair
and comprehensive personal judgement in performing the function of a member of the Management
body.
(2) Members of the Management body shall immediately inform the supervisory board of any link
between a member of the Management body and the bank or another entity in the group that could
prejudice their independent decision-making in the bank’s best interest.
3.2 Conflict of interest at level of members of Management body
Article 63
(general)
(1) The Management body shall take account of all circumstances in the assessment of conflicts of
interest at the level of members of the Management body referred to in point 4 of the second paragraph
of Article 3 of this regulation, in particular personal, business or other circumstances that are directly
related to a member of the Management body or to other legal and natural persons with private
interests in common with those of the member of the Management body in question.
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(2) In exercising their tasks and decision-making, members of the Management body shall avoid
circumstances and conduct that entail or could lead to a conflict of interest referred to in points 3 and 4
of the second paragraph of Article 3 of this regulation.
In their actions and decision-making, members of the management board shall primarily consider
the interests of the bank, subordinating any other personal interests to those of the bank, and may not
exploit the bank’s business opportunities for their own account, for the account of members of their
family, or for the account of persons with whom they have private interests in common.
In their actions and decision-making, members of the supervisory board shall primarily consider
the interests of the bank, subordinating any other personal interests or the individual interests of
shareholders, the management board, the public or other persons to those of the bank.
Article 64
(rules and procedures in connection with conflicts of interest)
(1) For the purpose of transparent decision-making at sessions of the Management body and at
sessions of committees and commissions on which they sit, members of the Management body shall in
particular take account of the following precautionary measures to avoid conflicts of interest:
- for the purpose of avoiding a conflict of interest that could impact their judgement, members of
the Management body shall, at their own initiative or when called upon by the president of the
management board or the chairperson of the supervisory board, declare whether there is a suspected
conflict of interest in a matter that is the subject of a vote, and shall provide a corresponding
explanation;
- when there is a suspected conflict of interest, the member of the Management body shall recuse
himself/herself in the matter that is the subject of a vote, and shall leave the premises where the
session is taking place for the duration of the voting;
- the Management body shall ensure that the explanation and declaration of a member of the
Management body recusing himself/herself on grounds of a conflict of interest referred to in point 2 of
this paragraph is included in the minutes of the session of the Management body or the session of the
bank’s committee or commission.
(2) For the purpose of the transparent performance of their functions, members of the management
board shall immediately inform the president of the management board of all circumstances that could
lead to a conflict of interest in their actions (hereinafter: circumstances of a conflict of interest). For
the purpose of the transparent performance of their functions, members of the supervisory board shall
immediately inform the chairperson of the supervisory board of all circumstances of a conflict of
interest. In the event of circumstances of a conflict of interest in respect of the president of the
management board, he/she shall inform the chairperson of the supervisory board, the provisions of this
article applying mutatis mutandis. In the event of circumstances of a conflict of interest in respect of
the chairperson of the supervisory board, he/she shall inform the supervisory board, the provisions of
this article applying mutatis mutandis.
(3) In the event of being informed of the circumstances of a conflict of interest by a member of the
Management body, the president of the management board or the chairperson of the supervisory board
shall, on the basis of his/her own assessment of the existence of the circumstances of a conflict of
interest, take appropriate documented measures to eliminate the circumstances or to put monitoring of
the circumstances in place. In cases of complex circumstances of a conflict of interest, instead of
taking the aforementioned measures the president of the Management body may inform the
supervisory board, which in this case shall assess the existence of the circumstances of a conflict of
interest at the earliest possible juncture, and shall take appropriate measures to eliminate the
circumstances or to put monitoring of the circumstances in place. These measures shall include:
- the application of the precautionary measures referred to in the first paragraph of this article to
avoid the circumstances of a conflict of interest in voting at sessions of the Management body and at
sessions of committees and commissions on which the member in question sits;
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2. the immediate cessation of the disputed conduct by the member of the Management body, and
the transfer to the bank of any advantage gained from the specific transaction;
3. where the bank has incurred damage of any kind in the transaction, the reimbursement of the
damage to the bank by the member of the Management body from his/her own funds;
4. removal from the function of a member of the Management body, if he/she fails to or refuses to
eliminate the circumstances of a conflict of interest on any grounds.
(4) Should it be proven that the member of the Management body failed to inform the president of
the management board or the chairperson of the supervisory board of the circumstances of a conflict of
interest that he/she knew of, and at the same time failed to immediately rectify the consequences of
such conduct, or should the member of the Management body fail to uphold the precautionary
measures referred to in the first paragraph of this article, the supervisory board shall be informed
accordingly. In this event the supervisory board shall dismiss the member of the management board
from his/her function, or propose the dismissal of the member of the supervisory board to the general
meeting immediately upon the disputed position being established.
3.3 Process of assessing suitability of members of Management body
Article 65
(general)
(1) The process of assessing the suitability of members of the Management body referred to in the
first paragraph of Article 37 of the ZBan-3 (hereinafter: suitability assessment process) shall include
the circumstances of the re-appointment of a member of the Management body (re-election) and the
circumstances when a member of the Management body takes over another area of management or
supervision within the framework of an existing term of office. In these cases the bank shall solely
verify whether the member in question is still suitable for performing his/her function (a partial
assessment of suitability), having regard for the aforementioned circumstances.
(2) The suitability assessment process shall take account of the difference between the complexity
of performing the function of the president of the management board or the chairperson of the
supervisory board, including a member of the supervisory board who performs the function of the
chairperson of a supervisory board committee, and the complexity of performing the function of a
member of the management board or the supervisory board.
(3) The bank shall document each assessment of the suitability of an individual member of the
Management body, including the initial assessment of suitability as a member of the Management
body.
Article 66
(employee contribution to suitability assessment)
(1) Having regard for the second paragraph of Article 37 of the ZBan-3, for the purpose of
enforcing and demonstrating good practice in corporate governance, a bank may make it possible for
other employees designated by the bank or the body responsible for the selection and appointment of
employee representatives to the bank's supervisory board, to formulate the bank’s position with regard
to suitability as a member of the Management body. Such employees may for example be from the
banking group, the risk management function, the compliance function, the HR department or other
expert departments and functions.
(2) The bank shall ensure that employees referred to in the first paragraph of this article have
timely access to all the relevant information of significance to the formulation of the bank’s position
with regard to suitability as a member of the Management body. This information shall in particular
include:
- the person’s CV according to a relevant standard (e.g. a Europass standard CV);
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2. documents and other evidence, including documentary proof of the person’s formal
qualifications, for the purpose of assessing the fulfilment of criteria in connection with the knowledge,
skills and experience for managing a bank’s operations referred to in point 1 of the second paragraph
of Article 61 of this regulation;
3. documents and other evidence of the fulfilment of the criteria in connection with reputation;
4. other relevant documents and evidence.
Article 67
(adequacy of suitability assessment)
(1) A bank shall ensure that its assessment at any particular moment of the suitability of a
candidate of the Management body (hereinafter: suitability assessment) contains a review of the
circumstances taken into account by the bank or the body responsible for the selection and
appointment of employee representatives to the bank's supervisory board, in its assessment of the
person’s suitability (the bank’s own findings and the facts submitted by the person in question) and the
bank’s or the body responsible for the selection and appointment of employee representatives to the
bank's supervisory board assessment of the fulfilment of the bank’s requirements with regard to the
function that is the subject of the candidacy or appointment.
(2) Should the suitability assessment submitted to the Bank of Slovenia by the bank for the
purpose of conducting the process of assessing suitability as a member of the Management body by
the Bank of Slovenia be deficient or sparse, and as such should it not allow for a proper assessment of
the suitability of the person in question, the Bank of Slovenia may require its supplementation on the
basis of appropriate arguments.
3.4 Functioning of supervisory board committees
Article 68
(use of external advisors)
Having regard for the knowledge, skills and experience that a member of the supervisory board
should have, for the purposes of performing the tasks of the individual supervisory board committees
referred to in Articles 52, 53 and 54 of the ZBan-3 and other regulations, the supervisory board shall
ensure that the use of external advisors referred to in the sixth paragraph of Article 51 of the ZBan-3 or
external experts referred to in the third paragraph of Article 157 of the ZBan-3 is justified solely for
the purpose of accessing additional, particularly specific, knowledge for the purpose of the functioning
of the committees. The possibility of using external advisors shall not relieve the members of the
supervisory board of their duties in respect of the expert knowledge, experience and independent
judgement referred to in Article 61 of this regulation, or the knowledge and independent judgement
that members of the supervisory board should have for the purpose of acting on supervisory board
committees.
3.5 Functioning of supervisory board
Article 69
(convening of sessions of supervisory board)
(1) The chairperson of the supervisory board shall ensure that the supervisory board meets in
session at least once a quarter. Should this not be ensured by the chairperson of the supervisory board,
other members of the supervisory board shall convene the session in accordance with the law
governing companies.
(2) The chairperson of the supervisory board shall maintain regular contact with the president of
the management board, shall request explanations from him/her of significant business events of
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which he/she has knowledge, and of the bank’s risks inherent in these events, and shall as necessary
convene an extraordinary session of the supervisory board.
Article 70
(effectiveness of supervisory board’s work)
(1) The effectiveness of the supervisory board’s work is to a great extent dependent on how well it
is informed and its access to significant information. Members of the management board shall be
responsible for ensuring that the supervisory board has timely and comprehensive information. The
management board shall regularly, comprehensively and in a timely fashion inform the supervisory
board of significant matters relating to the bank’s operations, risk profile, strategies and policies, and
any deviations from the adopted objectives. The supervisory board is entitled and obliged to request
from the management board additional explanations and reports with regard to any ambiguities in
connection with the operations of the bank and its subsidiaries.
(2) The chairperson of the supervisory board shall coordinate the work of the supervisory board
and shall chair its sessions. The chairperson shall encourage the other members of the supervisory
board to effectively and actively perform their functions. The other members of the supervisory board
shall ensure that they have enough time to carry out their tasks, and are obliged to further educate and
improve themselves as necessary throughout their term of office in areas of importance to the efficient,
high-quality execution of their duties. The chairperson of the supervisory board shall adopt a plan in
conjunction with the president of the management board for the training of members of the
supervisory board and for the introduction of new members.
Article 71
(appointment and dismissal of members of management board)
(1) When appointing and dismissing members of the management board, having regard for the
policy for selecting and appointing suitable candidates for membership of the Management body
referred to in the second paragraph of Article 35 of the ZBan-3, the supervisory board shall strive to
carefully select candidates in a timely fashion to ensure the continuity of the management board’s
work.
(2) The management board shall also participate in the selection of its members. The chairperson
of the supervisory board shall call on the management board or its president to propose suitable
candidates in timely fashion prior to the end of their term of office.
Article 72
(selection of new members of supervisory board)
(1) Prior to a decision on the election of members of the supervisory board, the proposer shall
present the candidates to the general meeting as appropriate, including:
- argumentation that the candidate selection process took account of the bank’s policy with regard
to the selection of suitable candidates referred to in the second paragraph of Article 35 of the ZBan-3;
- an assessment of suitability as a member of the supervisory board, and any proposed measures
by the bank;
- any conflicts of interest that exist or could arise in relation to the bank as the result of their
appointment.
(2) The preceding paragraph shall not apply in the event that the proposer is the body responsible
for the selection and appointment of employee representatives to the bank's supervisory board.
3.6 Diligence of members of supervisory board in implementation of Article 50 of ZBan-3
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Article 73
(consent for management board with regard to definition of bank’s business policy)
(1) The supervisory board shall grant the management board its consent with regard to the
definition of the bank’s business policy referred to in point 1 of Article 50 of the ZBan-3, primarily on
the basis of an assessment of whether the business policy provides for the implementation of the
objectives, strategies and policies referred to in the first paragraph of Article 4 of this regulation, and
the bank’s best long-term financial interests, having regard for:
- the adopted risk appetite;
- the risk bearing capacity;
- the bank’s business model and the activities pursued by the bank;
- zero tolerance on the part of the supervisory board for a business policy that encourages and
realises unfair business practices, including conduct risk and reputation risk;
- other relevant factors.
(2) For the purpose of granting its consent to the management board with regard to the definition
of the bank’s business policy, in the assessment of the adequacy of the business policy the supervisory
board shall primarily take account of its own importance and role in promoting a high culture of risk
management.
Article 74
(consent for management board with regard to definition of bank’s financial plan)
The supervisory board shall grant the management board its consent with regard to the definition
of the bank’s financial plan referred to in point 2 of Article 50 of the ZBan-3, primarily on the basis of
an assessment of whether the bank’s financial plan is acceptable and feasible with regard to the bank’s
business objectives, strategy and policy, the adopted risk appetite, and the bank’s risk bearing
capacity.
Article 75
(consent for management board with regard to definition of organisation of internal control
system)
The supervisory board shall grant the management board its consent with regard to the definition
of the organisation of the internal control system referred to in point 3 of Article 50 of the ZBan-3,
primarily on the basis of an assessment of:
- whether the internal controls referred to in point 1 of the first paragraph of Article 31 of this
regulation provide for the systematic supervision of all of the bank’s significant risks on the basis of
their implementation at all levels of the bank’s organisational structure, and their execution within the
framework of the bank’s everyday processes, procedures and activities;
- whether the internal control functions referred to in point 2 of the first paragraph of Article 31
of this regulation provide for an independent and objective assessment for the proper compliant
implementation of the bank’s internal governance arrangements.
Article 76
(consent for the management board with regard to definition of internal audit department’s
framework annual work programme)
The supervisory board shall grant the management board its consent with regard to the definition
of the internal audit department’s framework annual work programme referred to in point 4 of Article
50 of the ZBan-3, primarily on the basis of an assessment of whether the internal audit department’s
annual work plan has been designed to take account of the bank’s risks.
Article 77
(supervision of suitability of procedures and effectiveness of work of internal audit department)
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(1) The supervisory board shall realise the supervision of the suitability of the procedures and the
effectiveness of the work of the internal audit department referred to in point 5 of Article 50 of the
ZBan-3 primarily on the basis of an assessment of whether the internal audit department is providing
an independent assessment to the supervisory board with regard to the quality and effectiveness of the
internal governance arrangements, including the bank’s risk management systems and processes and
internal controls.
(2) In the assessment referred to in the first paragraph of this article, the supervisory board shall in
particular consider whether:
- the internal audit department is independent in exercising its internal auditing tasks;
- the internal audit department is exercising its internal auditing tasks at its own initiative;
- the internal audit department has unfettered access to all of the bank’s premises, employees,
information and data;
- the internal audit department is realising its annual work programme, including the provision of
the requisite analysis, reports, opinions and information with regard to audit findings;
- the frequency of internal audits is appropriate with regard to the importance of the area in
question, having regard for the corresponding risks and their impact on the bank’s profit or loss;
- in exercising their internal auditing tasks the internal audit department’s employees do not enter
into a position of a potential conflict of interest;
- the bank is providing the internal audit department with the requisite human and financial
resources for exercising its tasks and for engaging and training the internal audit department’s
employees, with regard to the areas and complexity of their tasks.
Article 78
(consent for appointment and dismissal of head of internal audit department)
(1) The supervisory board shall grant the management board its consent for the appointment,
including re-appointment and dismissal, of the head of the internal audit department referred to in
point 6 of Article 50 of the ZBan-3, primarily on the basis of an assessment of:
- the adequacy of the candidate for head of the internal audit department, and
- whether the grounds for dismissal of the head of internal audit department are justifiable.
(2) In the assessment of the adequacy of the candidate for head of the internal audit department
referred to in point 1 of the previous paragraph, the supervisory board shall consider the following in
particular:
- the knowledge, skills and experience required for the effective performance of internal auditing
tasks;
- the personal attributes and integrity of the candidate for head of the internal audit department
that allow him/her to uphold the mission of the internal audit department to the greatest extent;
- an assessment of the suitability of the candidate for head of the internal audit department drawn
up by the bank.
(3) In the assessment of whether the grounds for dismissal of the candidate for head of the internal
audit department referred to in point 2 of the first paragraph of this article are justifiable, the
supervisory board shall consider the following in particular:
- the written clarifications of the management board and the written clarifications of the head of
the internal audit department with regard to the cited grounds for dismissal;
- the submitted material evidence constituting the grounds for dismissal of the head of the
internal audit department;
- regulations and the bank’s HR policy governing the termination of the employment contract and
the dismissal of employees;
- other relevant evidence and clarifications.
Article 79
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(adoption and supervision of basic principles of remuneration policy)
(1) The supervisory board shall adopt and monitor the implementation of the basic principles of
remuneration policy referred to in point 7 of Article 50 of the ZBan-3, primarily on the basis of an
assessment of whether the bank’s remuneration policy complies with:
- regulations governing the area of remuneration at banks, in particular the requirements set out
in:
- Articles 189 to 191 of the ZBan-3 and the requirements set out in Section 2.5 of this
regulation;
- Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/923 of 25 March 2021 supplementing Directive
2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical
standards setting out the criteria to define managerial responsibility, control functions,
material business units and a significant impact on a material business unit’s risk profile, and
setting out criteria for identifying staff members or categories of staff whose professional
activities have an impact on the institution’s risk profile that is comparably as material as that
of staff members or categories of staff referred to in Article 92(3) of that Directive (OJ L 203,
9.6.2021, p. 1);
- Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 527/2014 of 12 March 2014 supplementing
Directive (EU) No 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to
regulatory technical standards specifying the classes of instruments that adequately reflect the
credit quality of an institution as a going concern and are appropriate to be used for the
purposes of variable remuneration (OJ L 148, 20.5.2014, p. 21);
- the bank’s corporate values, business strategy and risk strategy, risk appetite, and long-term
interests deriving from these strategies and policies.
(2) In the assessment of the compliance of the general principles of the bank’s remuneration policy
with the bank’s values, strategies and interests referred to in point 2 of the previous paragraph, the
supervisory board shall in particular consider whether the remuneration policy is compatible with and
encourages prudent and effective risk management, whereby it does not encourage risk exposure that
is not in accordance with the risk appetite. The supervisory board shall also realise such an assessment
in the event of the excessively high or low remuneration of members of the Management body and
other persons referred to in the second paragraph of Article 189 of the ZBan-3, including an
assessment of the corresponding risks.
3.6.1 Decisions on other matters set out by ZBan-3
Article 80
(consent for dismissal of head of risk management function)
(1) The supervisory board shall grant consent to the management board for the dismissal of the
head of the risk management function referred to in the fifth paragraph of Article 158 of the ZBan-3,
on the basis of an assessment of whether the grounds for his/her dismissal are justifiable.
(2) In the assessment of whether the grounds for the dismissal of the head of the risk management
function are justifiable, the supervisory board shall in particular consider:
- the written clarifications of the management board and the written clarifications of the head of
the risk management function with regard to the cited grounds for dismissal;
- the submitted material evidence constituting the grounds for dismissal of the head of the risk
management function;
- regulations and the bank’s HR policy;
- other relevant evidence and clarifications.
Article 81
(consent for plan of risk management activities)
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The supervisory board shall grant the management board its consent for the action plan for
managing risks referred to in the third paragraph of Article 168 of the ZBan-3, primarily on the basis
of an assessment of whether the plan provides for the implementation of the risk strategies and policies
referred to in Articles 5 and 6 of this regulation.
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4. INTERNAL CAPITAL ADEQUACY ASSESSMENT PROCESS
Article 82
(general)
For the purpose of continually assessing and ensuring the requisite amounts, types and distribution
of adequate capital that it assesses as necessary coverage with regard to the characteristics and extent
of the bank’s risks referred to in Article 151 of the ZBan-3, a bank shall put in place an internal capital
adequacy assessment process (hereinafter: ICAAP) to ensure the consistent application of:
- the risk management processes referred to in the first paragraph of Article 20 of this regulation;
- the results of the ICAAP in the determination of the risk strategies referred to in Article 5 of this
regulation and in capital planning.
4.1.ICAAP as integral part of risk management processes
Article 83
(general)
(1) A bank shall ensure that the ICAAP is an integral part of the risk management processes
referred to in the first paragraph of Article 20 of this regulation. To this end, in the implementation of
the ICAAP and the corresponding calculations of the internal assessment of risk-based capital
requirements and the internal capital assessment, the bank shall apply the same systems, processes,
methodologies, data and definitions of risks as those applied in the identification, assessment or
measurement, management, monitoring and controlling of risks.
(2) The management board shall ensure that the results of the ICAAP, including the internal
assessment of risk-based capital requirements and the internal capital assessment, are taken into
account in:
- the adoption of the bank’s business decisions;
- the definition and adoption of risk strategies, the risk appetite and the risk bearing capacity, and
in the bank’s long-term capital planning.
4.1.1. Operational and organisational structure of implementation of ICAAP
Article 84
(Management body’s responsibility for approval of ICAAP)
(1) For the purpose of the proper application and results of the ICAAP in the adoption and
supervision of business decisions and risk strategies, the Management body shall approve the
adequacy of the ICAAP at least once a year, including the internal assessment of risk-based capital
requirements and the internal capital assessment on each occasion and the corresponding measures
(hereinafter: results of the ICAAP). In so doing:
- the management board shall approve the adequacy of the ICAAP and its results on the basis of
detailed knowledge of the objectives, processes, procedures and methodologies of the ICAAP;
- the supervisory board shall approve the adequacy of the ICAAP and its results on the basis of
ensuring general awareness of the concept and objectives of the ICAAP, including an understanding of
the importance of its results and the corresponding measures.
With each approval of the adequacy of the ICAAP, the Management body confirms that the
ICAAP is taking account of the risk strategies.
(2) For the purpose of the effective adoption and monitoring of the implementation of business
decisions and risk strategies referred to in the previous paragraph, the bank shall ensure that the
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Management body is regularly briefed on which of the bank’s risks are addressed in the ICAAP,
including the corresponding internal assessments of risk-based capital requirements.
Article 85
(planning and implementation of ICAAP)
(1) A bank shall ensure the inclusion of the ICAAP in the processes of planning the bank’s
operations for the upcoming planning period.
(2) The bank shall provide for adequate powers and responsibilities of the bank’s organisational
units and functions for the implementation, monitoring, review and adoption of operational decisions
for the purpose of the implementation of the ICAAP, including the calculation of the bank’s internal
assessment of risk-based capital requirements and internal capital assessment. The powers and
responsibilities are deemed adequate if they are set out in accordance with the following requirements:
- the bank’s functions that develop methodologies in connection with risk management and
calculate the internal assessment of risk-based capital requirements should be functionally and
organisationally separate from the business units and other organisational units that take up risks,
including the management board;
- the business units and other organisational units that take up risks in the ICAAP should
participate in the ICAAP under the leadership of the risk management function, which ensures the
proper balance of interests between the bank’s take-up of risks and its risk management.
(3) The bank shall ensure sufficient HR and financial conditions for the purpose of the
implementation of the ICAAP, including the use of appropriate information technology.
(4) The bank shall ensure that the ICAAP is regularly updated with regard to changes in the bank’s
internal and external environments or changes in the objectives, strategies and policies referred to in
the first paragraph of Article 4 of this regulation.
4.2.Application of results of ICAAP to setting of risk strategies and capital planning
Article 86
(inclusion of identified risks in ICAAP)
(1) A bank shall ensure that the ICAAP covers all of the bank’s identified significant risks,
including risks inherent in the introduction of new products and the use of external contractors, on a
consolidated, sub-consolidated and individual basis.
(2) The first paragraph of this article notwithstanding, for the purpose of including specific risks
referred to in the first paragraph of this article in the ICAAP, instead of using quantitative
methodologies for the calculation of the internal assessment of risk-based capital requirements for the
aforementioned risks the bank may use the corresponding risk management measures referred to in the
first paragraph of Article 23 of this regulation or the internal control mechanisms referred to in the first
paragraph of Article 31 of this regulation. In this case the bank shall ensure high quality in the use of
the aforementioned measures, supporting them with argumentation.
(3) The bank shall provide for a review of the adequacy and comprehensiveness of the inclusion of
identified risks in the ICAAP at least once a year, and during any significant change in risk exposure.
Article 87
(risk measurement and use of economic capital models)
(1) For the purpose of calculating the internal assessment of risk-based capital requirements, a
bank shall ensure the use of comprehensive data in risk measurement. Data is deemed comprehensive
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if it covers all the risks inherent in the bank’s business model, activities and products on a
consolidated, sub-consolidated and individual basis. The bank shall ensure the regular review of the
comprehensiveness of the data and the coordination of the data used with information from the balance
sheet and other relevant data deriving from the bank’s financial reports.
(2) A bank that uses advanced risk measurement techniques in its risk measurement (hereinafter:
economic capital model) shall to this end ensure that the economic capital model, including the data
used, is tailored to the bank’s business model, activities, products, and other internal and external
circumstances. The validation (confirmation of the adequacy) of the economic capital model shall be
provided for by an independent organisational unit.
(3) In its risk measurement referred to in the first paragraph of this article, the bank shall ensure
that any consideration of the effects of risk management measures in the calculation of the internal
assessment of risk-based capital requirements does not act to reduce the internal assessment of riskbased capital requirements such that the reduction in the internal assessment of risk-based capital
requirements could be disproportionate to the actual effect of the risk management measures.
Article 88
(internal assessment of risk-based capital requirements)
A bank shall calculate an internal assessment of risk-based capital requirements on the basis of its
own methodology, including the combination of internal assessments of risk-based capital
requirements for individual risks, or another appropriate methodology.
4.3.Internal capital assessment
Article 89
(objectives for maintenance of risk bearing capacity)
(1) On the basis of appropriate objectives for the maintenance of risk bearing capacity, a bank
shall provide for the definition of the relevant capital components included in the internal capital
assessment for the purpose of the ICAAP. The objectives for the maintenance of risk bearing capacity
are deemed appropriate if they include the bank’s approach to ensuring capital adequacy under the
following scenarios at least:
- the bank as a going concern;
- an emergency (but plausible) situation in the bank’s operations.
(2) The bank shall provide for the regular assessment (at least once a year) of the adequacy of
capital components referred to in the first paragraph of this article, including the consideration of any
planned changes with regard to these components.
Article 90
(capital planning)
For the purpose of stably ensuring capital adequacy, a bank shall provide for adequate capital
planning for a period of at least three years that takes account of the bank’s approach to the
distribution of any dividends and the possibility of recapitalisation. The capital planning shall be based
on realistic assumptions, having regard for the business strategy and the risk strategy referred to in the
first paragraph of Article 4 of this regulation, and any restrictions deriving from regulations and
standards and from the requirements of the Bank of Slovenia and other competent supervisory
authorities.
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Article 91
(analysis of risk bearing capacity)
(1) A bank shall ensure that the internal capital assessment is aligned with its risk bearing capacity
at all times. To this end the bank shall provide for analysis of its risk bearing capacity, including on
the basis of the scenarios for the maintenance of risk bearing capacity referred to in the first paragraph
of Article 89 of this regulation.
(2) The scenario for the maintenance of risk bearing capacity at the bank as a going concern
referred to in point 1 of the first paragraph of Article 89 of this regulation shall take account of the
appropriate protection of the interests of shareholders, the Management body and the bank’s other
employees. The protection of these interests is deemed appropriate if access to the capital provides for
protection against developments that could endanger the bank’s continuation as a going concern. For
the purpose of this scenario the bank shall ensure at all times that the internal assessment of risk-based
capital requirements is at least at the level of the own funds requirements calculated in accordance
with the rules of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.
(3) The scenario for the maintenance of risk bearing capacity in an emergency but plausible
situation in the bank’s operations referred to in point 2 of the first paragraph of Article 89 of this
regulation shall take account of the appropriate protection of the interests of the bank’s investors. The
protection of these interests is deemed appropriate if the bank’s capital is sufficient to repay the bank’s
creditors.
(4) The bank may also define scenarios for the maintenance of risk bearing capacity for the
purpose of covering other, less significant risks that are frequently realised.
(5) The bank shall monitor the consideration and any breaches of the risk bearing capacity under
the scenarios for the maintenance of risk bearing capacity put in place.
Article 92
(use of stress tests)
(1) For the purpose of the calculation of the internal assessment of risk-based capital requirements,
a bank shall conduct the stress tests referred to in Article 22 of this regulation at least once a year,
according to stress scenarios that assume changes in market conditions, having regard for all the
relevant entities in the group. To identify the changes in market conditions that could have an adverse
impact on the bank’s future capital adequacy, the stress tests shall also take account of the state of the
current business cycle in connection with a general deterioration in the economic situation as a result
of a decline in economic activity (recession) and a specific deterioration in the economic sectors that
the bank supports financially.
(2) The bank shall ensure that the results of the stress tests referred to in the first paragraph of this
article are taken into account in the capital planning process referred to in Article 90 of this regulation,
and in the definition of measures in connection with the risk strategies and policies referred to in
Articles 5 and 6 of this regulation, including with regard to the risk profile and the business continuity
plans.
Article 93
(capital allocation process)
(1) A bank shall provide for an appropriate process for allocating capital across business lines and
entities in the group, on the basis of the internal assessment of risk-based capital requirements referred
to in Article 88 of this regulation and the analysis of risk bearing capacity referred to in Article 91 of
this regulation. The capital allocation process is deemed appropriate if it links the bank’s business
strategy with its risk strategy.
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(2) The bank shall provide for an assessment of capital adequacy and capital allocation at least
once a year and during any significant change in risk exposure.
5. DOCUMENTATION
Article 94
(general)
(1) A bank shall provide for the systematic storage of important documentation in connection with
the bank’s operations, its risk management, including the implementation of internal controls, and the
internal reporting of the bank’s risks (hereinafter: documentation). The documentation shall in
particular include:
- the bank’s bylaws, with regard to the chronology of their updating (e.g. strategies, policies,
codes of conduct, instructions);
- relevant documents in connection with the activities of organisational units (e.g. adopted
decisions, analysis, measures, financial results);
- a detailed description of the ICAAP and its results (e.g. scope of application, objectives,
methodologies, assessments, procedures, calculations, measures);
- findings and measures from the implementation of the internal control process, including
reports of internal control functions;
- measures to eliminate or to put in place monitoring of circumstances of a conflict of interest;
- minutes of sessions of the Management body and its committees and commissions, audio
recordings of sessions of the supervisory board;
- assessments of the suitability of members of the Management body and key function holders;
- relevant documentation in connection with the group’s operations.
(2) The bank shall ensure that the documentation referred to in the first paragraph of this article is
secure, comprehensive, understandable and up-to-date, having regard for applicable regulations and
the bank’s bylaws with regard to the storage of documentation.
- DETAILED CONTENT OF REPORTS IN CONNECTION WITH INTERNAL
GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS, AND METHODS AND DEADLINES FOR
SUBMITTING SUCH REPORTS TO BANK OF SLOVENIA.
Article 95
(general)
(1) A bank shall notify the Bank of Slovenia of significant information that has or could have an
impact on the assessment of suitability as a member of the management board or the fulfilment of the
required conditions for membership of the management board pursuant to Article 40 of the ZBan-3,
and shall submit all the relevant documentation within five business days of the aforementioned
circumstances arising or a justifiable suspicion arising that the prescribed conditions are not being
fulfilled.
(2) The bank shall notify the Bank of Slovenia of an assessment of the suitability of a member of
the Management body that it has compiled in circumstances owing to which it is necessary to conduct
the reassessment of suitability as a member of the Management body referred to in the first paragraph
of Article 37 of the ZBan-3 within five business days of the compilation of the assessment.
(3) The management board shall notify the Bank of Slovenia of the circumstances referred to in
the fourth paragraph of Article 156 of the ZBan-3 within five business days of the notification being
sent to the supervisory board.
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(4) The internal audit department shall notify the Bank of Slovenia of the findings referred to in
the first and second paragraphs of Article 165 of the ZBan-3 within five business days of the
notification being sent to the management board or the supervisory board.
(5) The bank shall notify the Bank of Slovenia of the appointment or dismissal of the head of the
internal audit department, the head of the risk management function, the head of the compliance
function or the head of the information security management function, submitting all relevant
documentation, within five business days of the appointment or dismissal.
7. FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 96
(cessation of application of regulations)
On the day that this regulation enters into force, the Regulation on risk management and the
implementation of the internal capital adequacy assessment process for banks and savings banks
(Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, Nos. 73/15, 49/16, 68/17, 33/18, 81/18, 45/19 in 92/21 –
ZBan-3).
Article 93
(entry into force)
This regulation shall enter into force next day after its publication in the Official Gazette of the
Republic of Slovenia.
Ljubljana, 13 July 2021
Boštjan Vasle
President,
Governing Board of the Bank of Slovenia
Regulation amending the Regulation on internal governance arrangements, the management
body and the internal capital adequacy assessment process for banks and savings banks (Official
Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, 011/25) also includes the following final provision:
»Article 4
(1) This regulation shall enter into force on the fifteenth day after its publication in the Official Gazette
of the Republic of Slovenia.
(2) Notwithstanding the previous paragraph, Articles 2 and 3 of this Regulation shall apply from the
date of entry into force of the regulatory technical standards adopted pursuant to the paragraph 9 of
Article 317 of the Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.«.
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APPENDICES: Additional requirements with regard to risk management
Appendix 1: Credit risk
Appendix 2: Liquidity risk
Appendix 3: Operational risk
Appendix 4: Market risks
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Appendix 1: Credit risk
This appendix defines the additional requirements and the fundamental principles that banks take into
account in putting in place a suitable environment for credit risk management:
(1) The management body is responsible for adopting and regularly reviewing (at least once a year)
the strategy for taking up and managing credit risk (hereinafter: the strategy) and major policies
setting out the methodologies, procedures and tools for managing credit risk, and for overseeing
their implementation and updating.
(2) The strategy shall reflect the bank’s propensity to take up credit risk. It shall include the bank’s
guidelines with regard to increasing or reducing the exposure level and taking up risk across
individual types of loan, sectors, geographical regions, currencies and maturities. The strategy
shall also include a selection of target markets (client segments) and other general attributes of the
credit portfolio. The strategy shall take account of economic cycles and the resulting changes in
the structure and quality of the credit portfolio.
(3) The senior management is responsible for implementing the adopted strategy, by putting in place
processes to identify, measure or assess, monitor and control credit risk for all banking activities,
both for individual loans and for the credit portfolio as a whole.
(4) A clear organisational structure shall be put in place at the bank that reflects the bank’s strategy
and provides for employees in the area of credit risk to be quickly and effectively informed about
the strategy and policies adopted. Employees involved in credit processes shall have a good
awareness of the bank’s approach to credit approval and management, and shall act in accordance
with the strategy and policies adopted.
(5) Credit policies shall provide a detailed definition of the principal terms of lending, and other
lending criteria (e.g. acceptable purposes of lending, limits on the client’s credit assessment,
maximum lending maturity, minimum collateral value and quality). They shall include clearly
defined credit processes (approval of credit exposures, assignment of exposures to rating grades,
management of credit protection, creation of value adjustments and provisions, early warning
process, treatment of problem exposures, monitoring of credit risk and reporting on credit risk)
that also set out the way in which decisions are made, and the powers and responsibilities of
persons involved in these processes.
(6) The credit policy, which represents the framework for lending and guidance for the bank’s lending
activity, shall provide a detailed definition of the target markets, the portfolio structure, price and
non-price terms, the structure for setting limits, the method of credit approval and loan
management (power of approval), permissible deviations and exceptions in processes, and
reporting of exceptions. The credit policy shall be set out clearly, shall be based on banking
principles of prudence, and shall comply with applicable legislation.
(7) A bank that offers clients non-standard or special credit arrangements (e.g. project financing, real
estate financing) shall adopt special credit policies for financing of this type that requires modified
procedures and controls. Specialists in individual forms of financing shall be included in the credit
process.
(8) The bank shall ensure clear functional and organisational separation between the commercial
operations unit and the risk management unit and between the commercial operations unit and the
back-office department, including managerial levels.
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Appendix 2: Liquidity risk
- Subject of regulation
(1) This appendix defines the additional requirements with regard to liquidity risk management
referred to in Articles 178, 179 and 180 of the ZBan-3 for the purpose of a bank being able at any
moment to meet its obligations in timely fashion by ensuring:
- an adequate level of liquidity buffers, and
- stable funding structure.
(2) The additional minimum requirements referred to in the previous paragraph include
requirements in connection with:
- the organisation of liquidity risk management;
- the management of intraday liquidity;
- the management of collateral assets and asset encumbrance;
- the allocation of costs, benefits and risks in the provision of liquidity;
- the mitigation of liquidity risk; and
- measures to prevent and eliminate the causes of liquidity shortfalls.
- Organisation of liquidity risk management
(1) The policy and procedures for liquidity risk management shall appropriately include entities in
the group, the business lines and the currencies of the transactions that a bank executes, for the
purpose of identifying the sources of liquidity risk and evaluating the bank’s exposure to liquidity risk.
Notwithstanding the organisational structure and the level of centralisation of liquidity risk
management, the parent bank shall be responsible for liquidity risk management at group level:
- on the basis of knowledge of the liquidity position of entities in the group, and the liquidity
flows within the group and in relation to other entities; and
- having regard for legal, regulatory or operational restrictions in connection with the transfer of
liquidity.
(2) In demarcating the powers and tasks of employees, the bank shall take account of various time
horizons, including intraday, owing to the differences and specifics of liquidity risk management over
these time horizons.
- Management of intraday liquidity
(1) Having regard for the attributes of the payments settlement system, a bank shall actively
manage intraday liquidity to ensure the timely settlement of maturing liabilities during the normal
course of operations and under stress conditions.
(2) The management of intraday liquidity shall form part of comprehensive liquidity risk
management, and shall in particular include:
- the continual monitoring and control of intraday liquidity on the basis of a daily projection of
inflows and outflows, including monitoring of the possibility of unexpected liquidity needs in an
emergency liquidity situation;
- the provision of funding to meet intraday liquidity needs, even in the event of unexpected
disruptions and on the basis of assets that are available for encumbrance;
- a clear demarcation of employees’ powers and duties;
- the definition of backup procedures to reduce the possibility of operational difficulties in the
execution of everyday activities.
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4. Management of collateral assets and asset encumbrance
(1) A bank shall define its approach to asset encumbrance and shall put in place procedures for the
identification, monitoring and management of risks in connection with collateral assets and asset
encumbrance. In so doing the bank shall take account of:
- the specifics and business model of the institution at which the assets reside;
- the country in which the transactions are being executed, or where the assets are recorded (in
official registers or in a bank account);
- the specifics of the funding markets;
- the macroeconomic situation.
(2) The bank shall determine the eligibility of collateral assets and the possibility of their timely
availability. To this end the bank shall:
- define eligible types of collateral asset, on the basis of which additional liquidity can be
obtained over different time horizons;
- estimate the need for collateral assets over different time horizons, and determine the level of
eligible collateral assets that are free of encumbrance and available even in stress conditions, whereby
the pool of eligible collateral for Eurosystem claims shall be determined separately;
- take account of existing legislative and other legally binding, operational and other limitations
in connection with the use or transfer of unencumbered assets between entities in a banking group,
both within and outside the European Economic Area.
(3) The bank shall put in place an appropriate system for monitoring asset encumbrance and
notifying the Management body and the senior management of:
- the level, evolution and types of asset encumbrance and related sources of encumbrance, such
as secured funding or other transactions;
- the amount, evolution and credit quality of unencumbered but encumberable assets, specifying
the threshold for encumbrance;
- the amount, evolution and types of additional encumbrance resulting from stress scenarios.
- Allocation of costs, benefits and risks in provision of liquidity
(1) A bank shall put in place a methodology for allocating costs, benefits and risks in the provision
of liquidity (hereinafter: allocation methodology) for all significant asset and liability items and offbalance-sheet items. In putting in place the allocation methodology the bank shall take account of:
- direct costs, including funding costs and asset transfer costs;
- indirect costs, including costs of liquidity buffers including the opportunity cost of maintaining
lower-yielding assets;
- the behavioural component of products, which reflects the stability of funding.
(2) The allocation methodology shall include appropriate incentives with regard to the contribution
made to liquidity risk by individual business lines, shall provide consideration for the business lines
providing liquidity, and shall appropriately charge the business lines requiring liquidity. The bank
shall use the results of the allocation methodology in determining prices of banking products,
determining the performance of individual business lines and products, and managing the bank’s
balance sheet.
(3) On the basis of the allocation methodology the bank shall put in place an appropriate system of
internal transfer prices based on a selected internal yield curve, when this is appropriate with regard to
the nature, scale and complexity of the risks inherent in the bank’s business model and the activities
that it pursues.
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6. Mitigation of liquidity risk
A bank shall define its liquidity risk mitigation methods, including:
- a liquidity buffer;
- a system of internal limits;
- diversification of funding;
- netting agreements.
6.1 Liquidity buffer
(1) A bank shall maintain, at an appropriate level, a liquidity buffer in the form of cash and other
highly liquid assets for covering additional liquidity needs over a predetermined short-term period of
emergency liquidity conditions (the survival period), when the ordinary sources of liquidity are not
available or cannot provide sufficient liquidity, without requiring a change in its business model.
(2) In determining the size and composition of the liquidity buffer, the bank shall take account of:
- the severity and attributes of the stress scenarios as defined in the second paragraph of Section
7.1;
- the defined survival period;
- the attributes of the liquid assets making up the liquidity buffer.
(3) In assessing the liquidity of assets, the bank shall take account of the possibility of obtaining
liquidity in the short term on the basis of such assets. In this assessment, the classification of the assets
for financial reporting purposes or for the purposes of calculating capital adequacy is not of key
importance.
(4) The bank shall determine the appropriate level of the liquidity buffer on the basis of stress
scenarios based on a survival period of at least one month. Within this period the bank shall define a
period of the most severe liquidity conditions at least one week, for which it shall ensure a liquidity
buffer in the form of cash and highly liquid assets that are simultaneously eligible collateral for
Eurosystem claims. The liquidity buffer for the remainder of the time horizon of less severe conditions
may include a wider range of liquid assets, based on which the bank should be able to obtain liquidity
over the short term. In determining the appropriate level of the liquidity buffer, the bank shall apply
haircuts to the market value of the assets that reflect the different levels of liquidity of the various
categories of liquid assets.
(5) The bank shall ensure the diversified composition of the liquidity buffer across various
categories and within the same category of liquid assets, and the currency matching of the liquidity
buffer and liquidity needs. In so doing the bank shall ensure that the assets making up the liquidity
buffer are unencumbered and available at any moment, including in emergency liquidity conditions,
without any legislative or other legally binding limitations or operational limitations. The bank shall
carefully examine and take account of the aforementioned restrictions in particular in the case of a
banking group, where decisions with regard to the location and size of the liquidity buffer should
reflect the attributes of the banking group, particularly from the perspective of its composition, the
transactions that entities in the group execute, and the organisation of liquidity risk management.
6.2 System of internal limits
(1) On the basis of internal criteria and market data, and having regard for the risk appetite
referred to in point 8 of the second paragraph of Article 3 of this regulation, a bank shall put in place a
system of internal limits that facilitates the monitoring, management and control of liquidity risk.
Within the framework of the system of internal limits the bank shall define:
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- the risk limits referred to in point 9 of the second paragraph of Article 3 of this regulation,
whereby it shall take account of all significant factors of liquidity risk, including liquidity gaps,
currency mismatching, sources of funding, off-balance-sheet liabilities, the composition and attributes
of the banking group, and intraday liquidity;
- qualitative and quantitative early warning indicators for the identification of negative trends that
increase the bank’s exposure to liquidity risk.
(2) The bank shall ensure that in defining the limits and early warning indicators it takes
appropriate account of the findings on the basis of the liquidity management scenarios referred to in
Section 7.1.
(3) The bank shall put in place procedures for taking measures and notifying the management
board and the senior management in the event of the limits being transgressed or the early warning
indicators being met.
6.3 Diversification of funding
A bank shall implement a prudent long-term funding plan that provides for a clear overview of the
risks inherent in the maturity transformation of funding. To ensure a diverse funding structure and
access to funding, the bank shall define potential concentrations of funding and shall put in place
procedures for their monitoring. In so doing the bank shall take account of concentrations in
connection with:
- the entities providing funding;
- the manner of funding (unsecured, secured);
- the markets and products that are the source of funding;
- the geographical location, currency and maturity of funding.
6.4 Netting agreements
As a result of the establishment of a single claim or a single liability on the basis of the mutual
claims and liabilities that are subject to netting, netting agreements act to reduce liquidity needs and
consequently to mitigate liquidity risk. In assessing the impact of netting agreements on the mitigation
of liquidity risk, a bank shall take account of all legal and operational factors in connection with such
agreements.
- Measures to prevent or eliminate causes of liquidity shortfalls
A bank shall define measures to prevent or eliminate the causes of liquidity shortfalls, including a
definition of:
- various liquidity management scenarios;
- a liquidity recovery plan for dealing with any liquidity shortfalls.
7.1 Liquidity management scenarios
(1) A bank shall take account of various liquidity management scenarios on the basis of the
normal course of operations (baseline scenario) and emergency liquidity conditions (stress scenarios).
These scenarios shall also take account of the effect of off-balance sheet items and other contingent
liabilities, including liabilities from relations with securitisation special purpose entities and other
special purpose entities where the bank acts as sponsor or provides material liquidity support.
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(2) The stress scenarios shall be based on various levels of severity and different lengths for the
period of emergency liquidity conditions, and shall encompass:
- a scenario tailored to the bank’s own liquidity position (the idiosyncratic scenario), which inter
alia assumes a deterioration in the external credit assessment, the loss of renewable major sources of
liquidity (e.g. institutional investors, large enterprises) without the provision of collateral by the bank,
and a decline in retail deposits;
- a scenario conditioned by the situation on the market (a market scenario), which inter alia
assumes a decline in the liquidity of assets and a deterioration in the terms for obtaining liquidity on
the market;
- scenarios based on a combination of the two scenarios referred to in points 1 and 2 of this
paragraph.
7.2 Liquidity recovery plan
(1) A bank shall take account of the findings on the basis of the liquidity management scenarios
set out in Section 7.1 in the preparation of a liquidity recovery plan, which shall set out effective
strategies for preventing and eliminating the causes of liquidity shortfalls, including appropriate
measures for bridging and limiting the impact of liquidity shortfalls and restoring the bank’s normal
liquidity position.
(2) In testing the liquidity recovery plan the bank shall focus in particular on the elimination of
legal and operational limitations to the effective action of the plan, and on the preparation of other
entities outside the bank that are included in the implementation of the plan.
(3) The liquidity recovery plan shall include the following at least:
- early warning procedures for identifying liquidity shortfalls with a toolkit of liquidity
indicators and other indicators by means of which the bank promptly recognises potential liquidity
difficulties, and a list of situations when the action in cases of liquidity shortfalls is applied;
- a definition of available and potential sources of liquidity, on both asset and liability sides, by
means of which the bank can meet additional liquidity needs;
- a description of the possibility of accessing available or potential sources of liquidity, and a
toolkit of procedures ensuring access to reserve sources of liquidity or sources not used in the bank’s
normal operation as a going concern. These measures also include the availability of eligible collateral
for central bank claims (as necessary, also in the currency of another Member State or a third country
to which the bank is exposed, and when this is required for operations in the Member State or third
country in question);
- a strategy for addressing asset encumbrance in stress conditions including a downgrade in the
bank’s credit assessment, the devaluation of pledged assets, and increases in margin requirements;
- clearly defined powers and duties of employees for action in the event of liquidity shortfalls,
including a description of the reporting procedures at each managerial level and procedures for
ensuring the timely flow of information;
- the preparation of special reporting with data, indicators and other information that are key to
taking action in the event of liquidity shortfalls, and to providing information within the bank;
- details of the manner of notification of the Bank of Slovenia with regard to the causes of
threats to liquidity and the planned activities for their elimination;
- a description of the procedures for dealing with the bank’s other stakeholders, such as
counterparties in transactions, auditors, and the media.
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Appendix 3: Operational risk
- Subject of regulation
This appendix defines the additional requirements with regard to operational risk management to
be met by a bank in connection with:
- policies and processes of operational risk management, including model risk referred to in
Article 181 of the ZBan-3;
- business continuity plans referred to in Article 182 of the ZBan-3.
- Policies and processes of operational risk management
2.1 Internal definition of operational risk
(1) The policies and processes of operational risk management shall ensure that the factors of
operational risk referred to in Article 181 of the ZBan-3 (hereinafter: the bank’s internal definition of
operational risk) take account of the definition of operational risk set out in point (52) of the first
paragraph of Article 4 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013. A bank shall ensure that the definition of
these factors, including rare developments that generate significant consequences for the bank
(hereinafter: significant operational risk loss), reflects:
- the Management body’s awareness of the significance of operational risk to the bank; and
- the characteristics of the bank’s business, and its operational risk profile.
A significant operational risk loss is a loss that has significant consequences for the bank’s
financial position.
(2) Having regard for the internal definition of operational risk, the bank shall determine and
define categories of operational risk by business lines and types of loss event referred to in Article 324
of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (hereinafter: operational risk categories), including criteria for
allocating the bank’s data on operational risk to these categories. The bank’s data on operational risk
shall include loss events and events that could almost have resulted in loss (hereinafter: loss events).
(2) The bank shall collect and manage data on operational risk events as defined in point 1 of
Article 311a of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013. In addition to this data, the bank shall also collect data
on events that almost caused loss.
2.2 Collection of data on loss events
(1) For the purpose of identifying and assessing operational risk, a bank shall provide for the
collection of data on loss events into a loss events database that is provided with the appropriate
technological support (hereinafter: loss events database), including criteria for the collection of this
data. These criteria shall include a definition of:
- data on the loss event, including the gross loss amount, the date of occurrence and the date of
entry of the loss event, any reimbursements on the gross loss amount, descriptive information on the
factors or causes of the loss event, and the categorisation of the loss event;
- the lower limit of a loss for the purpose of inclusion in the loss events database.
2.2 Collection of data on operational risk events
(1) For the purpose of effectively identifying and assessing operational risk, irrespective of the
level of the business indicator referred to in Article 314 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, a bank shall
provide for the collection of data on operational risk events into a loss events database that is provided
with the appropriate technological support. In so doing the bank shall take account of the data
collection and governance requirements set out in Chapter 2 of Title III of Part Three of Regulation
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(EU) No 575/2013, and in the technical standards adopted pursuant to Article 317(9) of Regulation
(EU) No 575/2013, including the definition of the required loss data set and the taxonomy of loss
events. The bank may apply its own definition of the lower limit of losses for the purpose of inclusion
in the loss events database.
(2) Having regard for the rules of custody, entry and revision of data in the loss events database,
the bank shall ensure that each of its employees has the option of reporting a loss event to the loss
events database.
(3) The bank shall ensure the regular alignment of data on loss events from the loss events
database with accounting data with regard to the bank’s operational risk losses.
2.3 Significant operational risk loss
(1) A bank shall ensure that the risk policies referred to in Article 6 of this regulation include a
policy for addressing loss events that could be reflected in a significant operational risk loss
(hereinafter: significant loss). The policy shall include measures to prevent loss events of this type,
and to rectify their consequences.
(2) The bank shall provide for immediate analysis of the causes of a significant loss. The
Management body, the senior management and the heads of the internal control functions shall be
informed of a significant operational risk loss.
3. Business continuity plan
(1) A bank shall establish and implement business continuity plans and contingency plans for
operations in severely disrupted business conditions. The business continuity plan shall include
procedures to ensure business continuity in important processes and systems. The contingency plan is
an integral part of the business continuity plan, and sets out the technical and organisational measures
for restoring operations and mitigating the consequences of disruptions to business.
(2) In the event of severe disruptions to business, the business continuity plan shall ensure that
auxiliary capacities for the continuity of business activities are available at the earliest possible
juncture. In the event of severe disruptions to business, the contingency plan shall ensure the
restoration of the normal functioning of the bank’s disrupted activities within an appropriate time
horizon.
(3) The business continuity plans and contingency plans shall inter alia set out:
- the powers and responsibilities with regard to the initial response to developments that are
reflected in severe disruptions or interruptions to essential systems and processes;
- the powers and responsibilities with regard to the implementation of activities to restore
essential systems and processes;
- the timeframes for the recovery of essential systems and processes;
- the key employees and procedures for ensuring the continuity of essential systems and
processes;
- the communication flows used in severely disrupted business conditions.
(4) The bank shall ensure that the responsible employees are briefed on business continuity plans
and contingency plans.
(5) The bank shall ensure the regular testing of business continuity plans and contingency plans, at
least once a year.
- Reporting on operational risk
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(1) A bank shall report on a quarterly basis to the Bank of Slovenia on operational risk loss events
for each category and type of loss event referred to in the second paragraph of Section 2.1 of Appendix
3 of this regulation, by the remittance date for quarterly information set out in Article 3 of the ITS for
supervisory reporting.
(2) The bank shall immediately notify the Bank of Slovenia of a significant loss referred to in
Section 2.3 of Appendix 3 of this regulation, submitting all relevant documentation.
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Appendix 4: Market risks
- Subject of regulation
This appendix defines the additional requirements with regard to market risk management, which
relate to the organisational requirements with regard to market risks.
- Organisational requirements with regard to market risks
(1) A bank shall ensure clear functional and organisational separation of the trading unit from the
back-office department and from the unit providing custody services (hereinafter: the back-office
department), including managerial levels. The functional separation of the trading unit from the backoffice department shall include the putting in place of appropriate security and work procedures, and
rules for accessing information technology, and the physical separation of the premises of the two
units. The reporting to the management board and the senior management by the trading unit and the
back-office department shall be separate.
(2) The bank shall ensure the functional separation of staff at the trading unit with regard to
trading transactions for the account of clients, and trading for own account.
2.1 Trading unit
(1) A bank shall ensure that before any transaction is concluded all significant elements of the
transaction are agreed, including the corresponding terms of the transaction. Transactions that are not
in line with market conditions shall not be executed as a rule. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the bank
may allow the conclusion of such a transaction when the following conditions are met:
- the transaction is based on the client’s explicit and justifiable requirement, whereby the agreed
deviation from market conditions should be clearly evident from the documentation of the transaction;
- a description of the deviations from market conditions is evident from the trade capture report;
the bank shall notify the client accordingly;
The management board and the responsible senior management shall be notified of significant
transactions that are not in line with market conditions.
(2) Trading outside of business premises shall be allowed solely on the basis of internal trading
rules, which shall include a definition of the authorised traders for executing transactions outside of
the business premises, the subject and size of the transactions, and the method of confirmation of the
transactions and the corresponding reporting. The trader shall report to the bank, without delay in an
appropriate written or electronic form, on a transaction concluded outside the business premises.
(3) The bank shall ensure that at any time traders have at their disposal comprehensive information
on:
- the value of the portfolio that they manage, and the daily changes in the value of the portfolio as
a result of changes in market conditions and positions; and
- the utilisation of risk limits.
(4) Conversations with traders relating to trade transactions shall be recorded.
(5) After the conclusion of each transaction the bank shall ensure the production of a trade capture
report that includes all the significant information about the transaction. The trade capture report and
the other documents of the transaction shall be submitted to the back-office department in the shortest
possible time. Transactions that are concluded after the close of the business day of the back-office
department shall be included in the daily trading position and specially marked. In this case the trade
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capture report and other documents of the transaction shall be submitted as soon as possible to an
organisational unit that is independent of the trading unit.
(6) The trader shall specially mark transactions concluded after the close of the business day of the
back-office department and shall include them in the daily trading position. A record of these
transactions shall be delivered to the responsible person from the back-office department without
delay.
(7) The bank shall ensure that the trader enters data on the transaction in the information system
solely under the trader’s own identification number. The time of entry in the information system and
the identification number shall be determined automatically.
2.2 Back-office department
(1) On the basis of the documentation of the trading unit, a bank shall provide for a process for
sending and receiving confirmations of concluded transactions and the further processing of
transactions, including:
- the execution of material and/or cash settlement (preparation of payment orders and securities
transfer orders at depository banks or custodians, and their release via an appropriate settlement
system);
- preparation of the book-keeping document and recording of the transaction in the record of the
bank’s positions;
- a review of changes or cancellations of data on concluded transactions, and treatment of
differences in data on concluded transactions.
(2) The bank shall ensure that each concluded transaction is confirmed in writing without delay or
within an appropriate time, is appropriately recorded, and is included in the relevant daily internal
reports of concluded transactions.
(3) The bank shall ensure that incoming confirmations of concluded transactions by the
counterparty are vetted as up-to-date and complete. Incoming confirmations of concluded transactions
by the counterparty shall be routed directly to the back-office department. The counterparty shall be
notified without delay of any missing or incomplete confirmations of a concluded transaction.
(4) The bank shall provide for regular monitoring of the process of concluding transactions of the
trading unit, including vetting of:
- the completeness of the documentation of the concluded transaction, and its timely submission
to the back-office department;
- the compliance of the data on the concluded transaction with the data on the confirmation,
extracts from electronic trading systems and other sources;
- the consideration of limits put in place to limit losses;
- the compliance of concluded transactions with market business conditions;
- deviations from internal trading rules;
- the alignment of records of transactions between the trading unit and the departments that are
independent of the trading unit.
(5) Changes or cancellations of data on concluded transactions shall be reviewed by a department
that is independent of the trading unit. Differences in data on concluded transactions identified in the
process of back-office processing shall be addressed without delay by a department that is independent
of the trading unit.