2024-12-17
The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) issued final guidelines under the Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) Regulation to specify the Union standards for maintaining systems and security access protocols for crypto-asset offerors and persons seeking admission to trading. These guidelines align operational requirements with existing frameworks such as DORA and NIS2, defining 'systems' narrowly as network and information technology assets while excluding permissionless decentralized ledgers. The document establishes proportionate obligations for administrative arrangements, physical security, and cryptographic key management to ensure digital operational resilience within the crypto-asset sector.