2007-06-26 | OFID-05-20071. PAR ratio: This is the most widely accepted measure of portfolio quality in the microfinance industry. It represents the percentage of an MFI's loans that have at least one installment past due by a certain number of days. When referring to PAR, it is essential to specify the number of days. Some MFIs include restructured loans in their calculation, reflecting the belief that restructured loans carry higher risk than current loans. 2. Write-off ratio: This represents the percentage of an MFI's loans that have been removed from the balance of the gross loan portfolio because they are unlikely to be repaid. A high ratio may indicate a problem in the MFI's collection efforts. However, write-off policies vary, which makes comparisons among MFIs difficult. Adjustments to the write-off ratio may increase or decrease the value of loans written off by removing or adding back delinquent loans to the gross loan portfolio according to an international or national standard for writing off loans. 3. Risk coverage ratio: This efficiency indicator reflects how efficiently an MFI is using its resources, particularly its assets and personnel. It can be calculated in two different ways: Loan Officer Productivity and Overall Personnel Productivity. The latter considers the overall productivity of all MFI human resources in managing clients who have an outstanding loan balance. 4. Average disbursed loan size and average outstanding loan size: These ratios measure the average loan size that is disbursed to clients and the average outstanding loan balance by client, respectively. The total number of loans should be carefully distinguished from the gross loan portfolio when calculating these indicators. 5. Operating expense ratio and cost per borrower/client: These are the most commonly used efficiency indicators for MFIs. They provide a meaningful measure of efficiency by determining the average cost of maintaining an active borrower or client. It is also useful to compare these indicators to GDP per capita to assess an MFI's efficiency in the local context. Because they count clients rather than amounts, these indicators do not prejudice MFIs which offer smaller loans and savings accounts. 6. Average gross loss portfolio: This is a measure of risk management in microfinance institutions. It represents the average gross loan portfolio for a given period.
GENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA. LAGOS QTHER FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS DEPARTMENT MONTHLY STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES AS AT .
| ASSES | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIGRO-FINANCE BANK CODE ------- | --- | |||
| MICRO-FINANCE BANK NAME ----------- | STATE NAME ------------------- | |||
| Item Code | Item Description | Amount | Amount | Amount N'000 |
| 147000 | a i '000 | |||
| 10100 CASH | ||||
| 10110 Notes | x | |||
| 10120 | x | |||
| 10130 TOTAL CASH | xx | |||
| 10200 DUE FROM: | ||||
| 10250 Banks in Nigeria: | ||||
| 10260 | x | |||
| litisiances with Blanks (Schedule, | ||||
| MMFBR 261) | ||||
| Placement with: | ||||
| 1030 | ||||
| 10310 Banks/Discount Houses: | ||||
| 10311 | Secured Unsecured with Treass | |||
| (Schadule, MMFBR 312 & 313) | x | |||
| 10400 Total Due From | xxx | |||
| 10500 | SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS | |||
| 10510 Treasury Bills | x | |||
| 10000 | LOANS AND ADVANCEISLEASES | |||
| 10610 Micro-laans (Schedule MMFBR | x | |||
| 10000 | 611) | |||
| Small and Medium Enterprises | x | |||
| 10630 Hire Purchase | ||||
| 10630 Hire Purchase | x | |||
| 10640 Advances Under Micro- Lasses | x | |||
| 10645 Other Loans (specify) | ||||
| 10650 Staff Loans | x | |||
| 100000 | Total Loans and | xx | ||
| 1067 | ndvances/Leases | |||
| Specific Loan/Lease Loss | (x) | |||
| 1000 | Provision (Schedule, MIMFBR | |||
| General LoanLease Loss | R | |||
| Provision | ||||
| 10690 Total Loan/Lease Loss Provision | (xx) | |||
| 10695 Net Loans and AdvancesLeases | poo | |||
| 10700 OTHER ASSETS: | p | |||
| 10710 Total Other Assets (Schedule, | ||||
| MMFBR 711) | ||||
| 10720 Provision for Losses on Other | (xx) | |||
| 10730 | Assets | |||
| Other Assets (Not) | xxxx | |||
| 10800 | FIXED ASSETS | |||
| 10810 Land and Buildings (Owned) | x | |||
| 10000 | Plant and Machinery | x | ||
| 10830 Fumiture and Flatures | x | |||
| 10840 Matar Vehicles | x | |||
| 10850 Office Equipment | x | |||
| 10860 Total Fixed Assets | XX | |||
| 10870 Accumulated Provision for | (x) | (x) | ||
| 1055 | Net Fixed Assets | xx | ||
| 10900 TOTAL ASSETS | xxx |
FORM MMFER 300
| LIAMILITIES | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item Code | Item Description | 14/000 | a i'000 | 94'0000 |
| 20100 DEPOSITS: | ||||
| 20110 Demand Deposits | x | |||
| 20120 Mandatory Deposits | x | |||
| 20125 Walunitary Savings Deposits | x | |||
| 20130 Time/Tenn Depasits | x | |||
| 2014/0 Special Deposits | x | |||
| 20145 Other Deposits (Specify) | x | |||
| 20200 Total Deposits | xxx | |||
| 20300 TAKINGS FROM: | ||||
| 20310 Banks in Nigeria (Specify) | × | |||
| 20320 Total Takings | xx | |||
| 20450 Re-financing Facilities | xx | |||
| 20500 OTHER LIABILITIES (MMFBR | x | |||
| wn | ||||
| 20500 BORROWINGS (On-lending): | ||||
| 20610 Federal Government | x | |||
| 20620 | Rain Government | x | ||
| 20630 Loail Government | x | |||
| 20640 Others (Specily) | x | |||
| 20650 Total Borrowings | xx | |||
| 20700 DEBENTURE/LOAN STOCK: | ||||
| 20710 Redeemable Debenture | x | |||
| 20720 Irredeemable Debenture | x | |||
| 20750 Total Debentures/Loans Stock | xx | |||
| 20800 CAPITAL & RESERVES | ||||
| 20810 Authorised Capital | I × | |||
| 20820 Issued and Fully Paid-up Capital | x | |||
| 20825 Donated Capital | x | |||
| 20830 Total Capital | xx | |||
| 20840 IRESERVES: | ||||
| 2015/0 | tatutory Reserve | x | ||
| 20860 Share Premium | x | |||
| 20870 General Reserve | x | |||
| 20880 Other Peserves | x | |||
| 20890 Retained Profit/(Loss) | x | |||
| 20200 Total Reserves | xx | |||
| 20910 TOTAL CAPITAL & RESERVES | xxx | |||
| 20960 GRANTS/DONATIONS (Specilly) | xx | |||
| 20970 TOTAL LIABILITIES | xxx |
| MEMORANDUM ITEMS | Curserit Month | Previous Month | | | |---------------------------------|-----------|-----------|--------|-----------| | | Value (PA | Number | | | | Number | Value (Pa | | | | | 21100 Total New Loans Disbursed | | | | | | 21110 Borrowers: 21111 Fensio | | | | | | 21112 Maio 21120 Clients Drop-outs: | Number | Value (M) | Number | Value (ht | | 21121 Ferrava | | | | | | 21122 Male | | | | | | 21130 Deposition: 21131 Fensio | | | | | | 21132 Male | | | | | | 21140 Number of Statt | MALE | FEMALE | MALE | FEMALE | | 21141 Banbi Stati 21141 Darior Stadi 21143 Total Staff 21145 Total Staff | | | | | | 31146 21146 Diamball Resigned, Teeminded 21146 Diambard else in the Merch 21147 (Specty) 21147 (Specify) 21150 (Specify) 21150 (Special) (The CBNNENC Examinate | | | | | | 21150 Masomala Carenent Bareneaus 21151 Recomment 21151 Recomment 21100 Fearches in Opension as at Last Last | | | | | | 21171 Existing | | | | | | 21172 New 21173 Osead | | | | |
MONTHLY STATEMENT OF PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT for the period
| MICRO-FINANCE BANK CODE ................. | state code ------ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MICRO-FINANCE BANK NAME ................. | STATE NAME ------- | |||
| Item Code | Item Description | Amount NT000 | Amount | Amount |
| 14 DOO | ||||
| 10000 INTEREST INCOME | x | |||
| 10100 LESS : INTEREST EXPENSES | x | |||
| 10110 NET INTEREST INCOME | px | |||
| 10200 OTHER INCOME: | ||||
| 10210 COMMISSION | x | |||
| 10220 FEES/CHARGES | x | |||
| 10230 INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS | x | |||
| x | ||||
| 10240 OTHER INCOME FROM NON- | ||||
| FINANCIAL SERVICES | ||||
| 10250 TOTAL OTHER INCOME | x | xxx | ||
| 10300 NET TOTAL INCOME | ||||
| 20000 OPERATING EXPENSES | ||||
| 20100 STAFF COST | x | |||
| 20130 DEPRECIATION | x | |||
| 20140 PROVISION FOR BAD DEBTS | x | |||
| 20151 BAD DEBTS WRITTEIN-OFF | x | |||
| 2015S PENALTIES PAID | x | |||
| 20160 OVERMEADS | x | |||
| 20170 LE5S : TOTAL OTHER | xx | |||
| 20170 LESS : EXPENSES: | ||||
| 20170 EXPENSES: | ||||
| 20180 PROFITATLOSS) BEFORE TAX | xx | |||
| 20190 LESS : PROVISION FOR | x | |||
| TAXATION | ||||
| 20200 PROFITIJLOSS) AFTER TAX | x |
FORM
MMFBR 261
SCHEDULE OF BALANCES DUE FROM OTHER BANKS IN NIGERIA AS AT ……………
MICRO-FINANCE BANK CODE ………… STATE CODE ----------------
MICRO-FINANCE BANK NAME ............... STATE CODE ----------------
Total Amount N'000 …………………
BANK'S
CODE
NAME OF BANK N' 000
| MICRO-FINANCE BANK NAME | STATE CODE ---------------- |
|---|---|
| Total Amount N'000 ………………… BANK'S NAME OF BANK | N' 000 |
| CODE TOTAL |
SCHEDULE OF PLACEMENTS WITH BANKS/DISCOUNT HOUSES AS AT ……………….
MICRO-FINANCE BANK CODE ………… STATE CODE ----------------
| Total Amount N'000 ……………………………….. BANK'S NAME OF BANK TENOR | MATURITY | SECURED WITH UNSECU | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CODE | RED | ||
| DATE | TREASURY BILLS N' 000 | N' 000 | |
| TOTAL |
MICRO-FINANCE BANK NAME ............... STATE NAME -----------------
FORM MMFBR 611 SCHEDULE OF MICROFINANCE LOANS AS AT …………..
MICRO-FINANCE BANK CODE ………… STATE CODE ----------------
MICRO-FINANCE BANK NAME ............... STATE NAME -----------------
Total Amount N'000 ………………………………..
| | LENDING MODELS AMOUNT (N '000) | | | |-----|-------|--------|----| | S/N | MODEL | NUMBER | r | | | Individuals
Solidariy Group | | | | u | la | Ballanty Choup Navyl Droup Navyl Danas Navyl Danga Wholesse Langa | | | | la | | | | | Others - Specify TOTAL | | |
FORM MMFBR 671
| Schedule of Non -performing Credits MICRO-FINANCE BANK COOCE ............
| MICRO-FINANCE BANK NAME | STATE CODE | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STATE NAME ----- | |||||||
| r | Class | n | Pazz | E v | 10 10 | ||
| 6 | |||||||
| Trea | |||||||
| Cred | |||||||
| 7 | |||||||
| Prespect | |||||||
| Do I | |||||||
| Do I | Account | ||||||
| Install | |||||||
| Inspic | |||||||
| 5.Na | Cade | Name | Dae | ||||
| Data | s coo | NFOOD | NO00 | ||||
| NO00 | N000 | ||||||
| 10c. | |||||||
| Doublui | 10x1 | ||||||
| Ltd. | |||||||
| ിമ. | |||||||
| Phili | |||||||
| Phach | 108 | ||||||
| wood | |||||||
| +1000 | rooo | HFD00 | |||||
| Total |
Schedule of Non -performing Credits MICRO-FINANCE BANK COOCE ............ MICRO-FINANCE BANK NAME FORM MMFBR 672 summary of sectoral analysis of loans and advances as at ---------- MICRO-FINANCE BANK CODE ............. MICRO-FINANCE BANK NAME .................
| STATE NAME | ||
|---|---|---|
| SECTOR | amount (M) | li |
| lillife | ||
| n | ||
| Real Estate & | ||
| Construction | ||
| RentiMousing | ||
| a manufacture in the manager of the manager of the comment of the comments of the comments of the comments of the second of the second the co |
SCHEDULE OF LOANS STRUCTURE AND MATURITY PROFILE AS AT ...
MICRO-FINANCE BANK CODE ................ MICRO-FINANCE BANK NAME STATE NAME ---------------------- STATE CODE
| TYPE OF | l - 20 Days | 31 - 60 Days 61 - 90 Days | 91 - 180 Days | it |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| llerings | ||||
| Loave | ||||
| Research | ||||
| ronoscouse | ||||
SCHEDULE OF INTEREST RATES AS AT.
| 31 - 60 Days 61 - 90 days | 91 - 180 days | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TYPE | 180 - 360 Over 360 | |||||
| Days | ||||||
| in | x | 2 | in | in | 2 | |
| LOANS AND | ||||||
| ADVANCES | ||||||
| Hire | ||||||
| Purchase | ||||||
| Micro-Leases | ||||||
| Bannes | ||||||
| Drooms | ||||||
| March | ||||||
| Broom | ||||||
| Dreven rs | ||||||
| TARGET | ||||||
| DEPOSITS |
FORM MMFBR 711 SCHEDULE OF OTHER ASSETS AS AT.
MICRO-FINANCE BANK CODE .
MICRO-FINANCE BANK NAME ---------- STATE NAME ---------- STATE CODE ------
| Total Amount VO00 ......... | --------------- | PERFORMING | NON-PERFORMING | TOTAL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| oon | ITEM | n 000 | m 000 | w 000 | |
| 10910 | Accounts Receivable | ||||
| 10920 | |||||
| 10930 | Accreed | ||||
| 10040 | Prepaid Interest | ||||
| 1932 | |||||
| 1932 | Prepaid Rent | ||||
| 10970 | flationery | ||||
| 10000 | |||||
| 10000 | Other Prepayments | ||||
| Susperae Account | |||||
| 1 1000 | Goodwill and Other Intengibl | ||||
| Assets | |||||
| 11020 | Macellaneous (Specily) | ||||
| TOTAL |
Note: Please provide a breakdown of any itsm that is equal to or greater than 90% of Total Other Assets.
FORM MMFBR 1151 SCHEDULE OF DEPOSIT STRUCTURE AND MATURITY PROFILE AS AT …
| MICRO-FINANCE BANK CODE ………… | STATE CODE ---------------- | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MICRO-FINANCE BANK NAME | STATE NAME ----------------- | |||
| Total Amount DEPOSIT | TOTAL N' 000 | |||
| 1 - 30 Days | 31 - 60 Days | 61 - 90 Days | Above | |
| 91 - 180 Days | 180 - 360 | % | ||
| Days | 360 Days | |||
| DEMAND DEPOSITS Number of accounts Amount (N) Mandatory Savings Number of accounts Amount (N) Voluntary Savings Number of accounts Amount (N) TERM/TIME DEPOSITS Number of accounts Amount (N) Special Deposits Number of accounts Amount (N) Other Deposits (Specify) Number of accounts Amount (N) TOTAL Number of accounts Amount (N) |
SCHEDULE OF OTHER LIABLITES AS AT
| in 000 | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2012 | ||
| 2012 | ||
| 2012 03:23 | ||
| 2012 | Hineaned Income | |
| Interest Accrued Not Paid | ||
| Uncleared EBects / Transit Bens | ||
| 2014 | Un-audited Profit to Date | |
| 20170 | ||
| 20580 | ||
| 20190 | ||
| 2020 | ||
| 2020 | Provision for Other Losses | |
| Dividends Psyable | ||
| 2020 | ||
| 2020 | ||
| 2020 | Susperae Account | |
| 18 | Deposit for Shares | |
| Macellaneous (Specify) | ||
| Total | ||
| Note: Piease p | ovide a breakdown of any item that is equal to or greater than 10% of Total Other Lisbilities. |
GAP ANALYSIS REPORT AS AT .
MICRO-FINANCE BANK CODE ................. MICRO-FINANCE BANK NAME ..............
| Total Amount NO00 ......... | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITEMS | 7 | ||||||
| Total | |||||||
| 1 - 30 Days | 31 - 60 Days | 61 - 90 Days | 91 -180 Days | 5 | |||
| 188 - 308 | 6 |
300 Daya | w 000 | | Loans | | | | | | | | | Irvestments Other Assets | | | | | | | | | Total (A) | | | | | | | | | l Osposits | | | | | | | | | CDs and Other Lisbilities | | | | | | | | | Total (B) | | | | | | | | | llquity (C) | | | | | | | | | Net Periodic Gap A - (B+C) | | | | | | | | | Cumulative Gap | | | | | | | |
Note > ii il w V- i. Oundative Gap Oolumn 1 Net Periodic Gap in Column 1 Cumulative Gap in Column 1 = Net Periodic Gap in Column 1 Cumulative Gap in Column 2 = Net Periodic Gap in Column
| Performance Indicators Compulsory Prudential Ratios S/N DESCRIPTION | RATIO | REMARK | STANDARD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Capital Adequacy Ratio | X | Capital adequacy ratio is the ratio which determines the capacity of the bank in terms of meeting the time liabilities and other risk such as credit risk, operational risk, etc. | |||
| Recapitalisation Required | 0 | ||||
| 2 | Current Ratio | #REF! | Measures how well an MFI matches the maturities of its assets and = 20% liabilities. Short term means assets or liabilities or any portion thereof that have a due date, maturity date, or may be readily converted into cash within 12 months. | ||
| 3 | Fixed | Assets | +Long | Term #VALUE! | No MFB shall be allowed to finnace any acquisition of Fixed assets, Equity |
| Investments/Share Holders Funds | Investments, investments in Long term debentures and Branch expension from any funds other than the shareholders funds. This ratio measures the aggregate value of such investments against the shareholders funds unimpaired by losses | ||||
| 4 | Statutory Reserve/paid up capital | #DIV/0! | Measures how much of the MFBs Net profit for the year will bill transferred MFB Policy page to Statutory reserve 28 | ||
| 5 | Single Obligor Limit | #VALUE! | Measures the limitn of lending to a Single borrower and related parties | Single obligor-1% (single) 5%(group) of sharehoders funds | |
| 6 | Maximum Equity Investment Ratio #DIV/0! | Measures the participation of the an MFB in alll permissible enterprises. | 7.5% of shareholders funds | ||
| 7 | Loan Loss Provisons | #DIV/0! | Measures all loan loss provisioning according to provisioning schedule | See page 31 MFB | |
| 8 | Investment in Fixed Assets | #DIV/0! | Measures the limit of an MFB invetment in Fixed Assets | 20 % of SHF | |
| S/N | DESCRIPTION | RATIO | REMARK | STANDARD | |
| 1 Capital Adequacy Ratio | #VALUE! | Capital adequacy ratio is the ratio which determines the capacity of the bank in terms of meeting the time liabilities and other risk such as credit risk, operational risk, etc. = 10% | |||
| Recapitalisation Required | #VALUE! | ||||
| 2 Return on Equity | #VALUE! | Calculates the rate of return on the average equity for the period. . Because the numerator does not include non-operating items such as donations, the ratio is a frequently used proxy for commercial viability. Usually, ROE calculations are net of profit or revenue taxes. MFIs that are not using average equity as the denominator should specify the alternative denominator they are using. | |||
| 3 Adjusted Return on Equity (AROE) Adjusted net operating income-Taxes 4 Average Equity 5 Return on Assets (ROA) #VALUE! | Measures how well an MFI uses its total assets to generate returns. | ||||
| 6 Adjusted return on Assets (AROA) 7 Operational Self-sufficiency #VALUE! | Measures how well an MFI covers its costs through operating revenues. In addition to operating expense, it is recommended that financial expense and loan-loss provision expense be included in this calculation, as they are a normal (and significant) cost of operating. | ||||
| 8 Profit margin | #VALUE! | Measures what percentage of operating revenue remains after all financial, loan-loss provision, and operating expenses are paid. | |||
| 9 Financial Self-sufficiency | #VALUE! | Measures how well an MFI can cover its costs, taking into account a number of adjustments to operating revenues and expenses. The purpose of most of these adjustments is to model how well the MFI could cover its costs if its operations were unsubsidized and it were funding its expansion with commercial-cost liabilities. Adjustments are discussed in section III. | |||
| Assets/Liability Management | |||||
| S/N | DESCRIPTION | RATIO | REMARK | STANDARD | |
| 3 | Yield Gap | ||||
| 1 | Yield on Gross loan Portfolio | #VALUE! | Indicates the gross loan portfolio's ability to generate cash financial revenue from interest, fees, and commissions. It does not include any revenues that have been accrued but not paid in cash, or any non-cash revenues in the form of post-dated checks, seized but unsold collateral, etc. | ||
| 2 | Current Ratio | #VALUE! | Measures how well an MFI matches the maturities of its assets and liabilities. Short term means assets or liabilities or any portion thereof that = 20% have a due date, maturity date, or may be readily converted into cash within | ||
| #VALUE! | Compares revenue actually received in cash with revenue expected from 12 months. loan contracts. While a small gap is common, a substantial yield gap (> 10%) may indicate significant past-Expected annual yield) due payments (arrears), fraud, inefficiency, or accounting error. In this formula, "expected annual yield" means the effective interest rate of the loan contracts (the declining-balance equivalent rate) for a single payment period, multiplied by the number of periods in a year. | ||||
| 4 | Funding-expense ratio | = | Shows the blended interest rate an MFI is paying to fund its financial assets. This ratio can be compared with yield on the gross portfolio to determine the interest margin. | ||
| Interest and fee This ratio gives a blended interest rate for all of an MFI's funding liabilities. expenses on Funding liabilities do not include interest payable or interest on loans to funding liabilities finance fixed assets. Average funding liabilities | |||||
| 5 | Cost of Funds Ratio |
| Portfolio Quality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S/N | DESCRIPTION | RATIO | REMARK | STANDARD 2.5%= |
| 1 | PAR ratio | #DIV/0! | The most accepted measure of portfolio quality. Portfolio at risk is the outstanding amount of all loans that have one or more installments of principal past due by a certain number of days. When referring to PAR, an MFI should always specify the number of days. MFIs should indicate whether restructured loans are included in their calculation. Some MFIs automatically include restructured loans in their portfolio at risk. This practice reflects the belief that restructured loans carry higher risk than do current loans. | |
| 2 | Write-off ratio | #DIV/0! | Represents the percentage of an MFI's loans that have been removed from the balance of the gross loan portfolio because they are unlikely to be repaid. A high ratio may indicate a problem in the MFI's collection efforts. However, write-off policies vary, which makes comparisons among MFIs difficult. As a result, analysts may present this ratio on an adjusted basis to provide for uniform treatment of write offs (see section III). The adjustments to the write-off ratio may increase or decrease the value of loans written off by removing or adding back delinquent loans to the gross loan portfolio in accordance with an international or national standard for writing off loans. | |
| Adjusted write-off ratio | Adjusted value of loans written off Average gross loan portfolio #DIV/0! Shows how much of the portfolio at risk is covered by an MFI's loan-loss allowance. It is a rough indicator of how prepared an institution is to absorb loan losses in the worst case scenario. MFIs should provision according to the age of their portfolio at risk: the older the delinquent loan, the higher the loan-loss allowance. For example, a ratio for PAR > 180 days may be close to 100%, whereas the ratio for PAR > 30 days is likely to be significantly less. Thus, a risk coverage ratio of 100% is not necessarily optimal. | |||
| 3 | Risk coverage ratio Efficiency/Productivity. These indicators reflect how efficiently an MFI is using its resources, particularly its assets and personnel. | |||
| S/N | DESCRIPTION | RATIO | REMARK | STANDARD |
| Loan Officer Productivity | Measures the average caseload of each loan officer, as defined in P14. This is a common ratio, but is difficult to compare among MFIs when their definitions of loan officer vary. MFIs may also substitute the number of loans outstanding as a surrogate for number of active borrowers and the number of financial services officers for loan officers. Regardless of the ratio used, MFIs should explain their definition of the numerator and denominator. | |||
| #DIV/0! | Measures the overall productivity of total MFI human resources in managing clients who have an outstanding loan balance and are thereby contributing to the financial revenue of the MFI. | |||
| Personnel productivity | #DIV/0! | Alternatively, the MFI may wish to measure the overall productivity of MFI personnel in terms of managing clients, including borrowers, savers, and other clients. This ratio is the most useful ratio for comparing MFIs. | ||
| Average disbursed loan size | #DIV/0! | Measures the average loan size that is disbursed to clients. Total number of loans MFIs should be careful to distinguish between disbursed loan size and outstanding loan size (see R17). | ||
| Average outstanding loan size | #DIV/0! | Measures the average outstanding loan balance by client, which may be significantly less than the average disbursed loan size. It is frequently compared to per capita GDP as a rough proxy for the income level of an MFI's clientele. | ||
| Operating expense ratio | #VALUE! | This ratio is the most commonly used efficiency indicator for MFIs. It includes all administrative and personnel expense. Care must be taken when using this ratio to compare MFIs. MFIs that provide smaller loans will compare unfavorably to others, even though they may be serving their target market efficiently. Likewise, MFIs that offer savings and other services will also compare unfavorably to those that do not offer these services, if gross loan portfolio is used as the denominator. Therefore, average total assets is the more appropriate denominator for financial intermediaries when calculating the operating expense ratio. | ||
| Cost per borrower | #VALUE! | Provides a meaningful measure of efficiency for an MFI, by determining the average cost of maintaining an active borrower or client. MFIs may choose to substitute the number of active loans as the denominator to see cost per active loan outstanding. It is also useful to compare to GDP per capita to assess an MFI's efficiency in the local context. Because they count clients rather than amounts, these indicators have the advantage of not prejudicing MFIs which offer smaller loans and savings accounts. | ||
| Cost per client | #VALUE! |
| I | ||
|---|---|---|
| Other experise natios | rely experien | Expense rates one be created for nashy sely expense ascount on the |
| income atateneric. The purpose is is nator an IBF or analysis issues a proxince is times. Income a posic. | ||
| Average gross | ||
| loss portfollo' |
12 Remarks