Regulation D: Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions

Federal Register / Vol. 90, No. 189 / Thursday, October 2, 2025 / Rules and Regulations 47513 2 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(3)(A). 3 5 U.S.C. 553(d). 4 5 U.S.C. 553(a)(2). 5 5 U.S.C. 603, 604. 6 44 U.S.C. 3506; see 5 CFR part 1320, appendix A.1. 1 12 U.S.C. 461(b). In March 2020, the Board set all reserve requirement ratios to zero percent. See Interim Final Rule, 85 FR 16525 (Mar. 24, 2020); Final Rule, 86 FR 8853 (Feb. 10, 2021). than 30 days before its effective date. The APA provides that notice and comment procedures do not apply if the agency for good cause finds them to be ‘‘unnecessary, impracticable, or contrary to the public interest.’’ 2 Section 553(d) of the APA also provides that publication at least 30 days prior to a rule’s effective date is not required for (1) a substantive rule which grants or recognizes an exemption or relieves a restriction; (2) interpretive rules and statements of policy; or (3) a rule for which the agency finds good cause for shortened notice and publishes its reasoning with the rule.3 The APA further provides that the notice, public comment, and delayed effective date requirements of 5 U.S.C. 553 do not apply ‘‘to the extent that there is involved . . . a matter relating to agency management or personnel or to public property, loans, grants, benefits, or contracts.’’ 4 Regulation A establishes the interest rates that the twelve Reserve Banks charge for extensions of primary credit and secondary credit. The Board has determined that the notice, public comment, and delayed effective date requirements of the APA do not apply to these final amendments to Regulation A. The amendments involve a matter relating to loans and are therefore exempt under the terms of the APA. Furthermore, because delay would undermine the Board’s action in responding to economic data and conditions, the Board has determined that ‘‘good cause’’ exists within the meaning of the APA to dispense with the notice, public comment, and delayed effective date procedures of the APA with respect to the final amendments to Regulation A. Regulatory Flexibility Analysis The Regulatory Flexibility Act (‘‘RFA’’) does not apply to a rulemaking where a general notice of proposed rulemaking is not required.5 As noted previously, a general notice of proposed rulemaking is not required if the final rule involves a matter relating to loans. Furthermore, the Board has determined that it is unnecessary and contrary to the public interest to publish a general notice of proposed rulemaking for this final rule. Accordingly, the RFA’s requirements relating to an initial and final regulatory flexibility analysis do not apply. Paperwork Reduction Act In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act (‘‘PRA’’) of 1995,6 the Board reviewed the final rule under the authority delegated to the Board by the Office of Management and Budget. The final rule contains no requirements subject to the PRA. List of Subjects in 12 CFR Part 201 Banks, banking, Federal Reserve System, Reporting and recordkeeping. Authority and Issuance For the reasons set forth in the preamble, the Board is amending 12 CFR chapter II as follows: PART 201—EXTENSIONS OF CREDIT BY FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS (REGULATION A) ■ 1. The authority citation for part 201 continues to read as follows: Authority: 12 U.S.C. 248(i)–(j), 343 et seq., 347a, 347b, 347c, 348 et seq., 357, 374, 374a, and 461. ■ 2. In § 201.51, revise paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as follows: § 201.51 Interest rates applicable to credit extended by a Federal Reserve Bank.3 (a) Primary credit. The interest rate at each Federal Reserve Bank for primary credit provided to depository institutions under § 201.4(a) is 4.25 percent. (b) Secondary credit. The interest rate at each Federal Reserve Bank for secondary credit provided to depository institutions under § 201.4(b) is 4.75 percent.

• • • • • 3 The primary, secondary, and seasonal credit rates described in this section apply to both advances and discounts made under the primary, secondary, and seasonal credit programs, respectively. By order of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Michele Taylor Fennell, Associate Secretary of the Board. [FR Doc. 2025–19303 Filed 10–1–25; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6210–01–P FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 12 CFR Part 204 [Docket No. R–1871] RIN 7100–AG97 Regulation D: Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions AGENCY: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (‘‘Board’’) has adopted final amendments to its Regulation D to revise the rate of interest paid on balances (‘‘IORB’’) maintained at Federal Reserve Banks by or on behalf of eligible institutions. The final amendments specify that IORB is 4.15 percent, a 0.25 percentage point decrease from its prior level. The amendment is intended to enhance the role of IORB in maintaining the federal funds rate in the target range established by the Federal Open Market Committee (‘‘FOMC’’ or ‘‘Committee’’). DATES: Effective date: This rule (amendments to part 204 (Regulation D)) is effective October 2, 2025. Applicability date: The IORB rate change was applicable on September 18,

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: M. Benjamin Snodgrass, Special Counsel (202–263–4877), Legal Division, or Nicole Trachman, Financial Institution & Policy Analyst (202–973–5055), Division of Monetary Affairs; for users of telephone systems via text telephone (TTY) or any TTY-based Telecommunications Relay Services, please call 711 from any telephone, anywhere in the United States; Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 20th and C Streets NW, Washington, DC 20551. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Statutory and Regulatory Background For monetary policy purposes, section 19 of the Federal Reserve Act (‘‘Act’’) imposes reserve requirements on certain types of deposits and other liabilities of depository institutions.1 Regulation D, which implements section 19 of the Act, requires that a depository institution meet reserve requirements by holding cash in its vault, or if vault cash is insufficient, by maintaining a balance in an account at a Federal Reserve Bank VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:07 Oct 01, 2025 Jkt 265001 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\02OCR1.SGM 02OCR1 lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES1

47514 Federal Register / Vol. 90, No. 189 / Thursday, October 2, 2025 / Rules and Regulations 2 12 CFR 204.5(a)(1). 3 12 U.S.C. 461(b)(1)(A) and (b)(12)(A). 4See 12 U.S.C. 461(b)(1)(A) & (b)(12)(C); see also 12 CFR 204.2(y). 5See 12 U.S.C. 461(b)(12)(B). 6See 12 CFR 204.10(b)(1). 7 5 U.S.C. 551 et seq. 8 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(3)(A). 9 5 U.S.C. 553(d). 10 5 U.S.C. 603, 604. 11 44 U.S.C. 3506; see 5 CFR part 1320 Appendix A.1. (‘‘Reserve Bank’’).2 Section 19 also provides that balances maintained by or on behalf of certain institutions in an account at a Reserve Bank may receive earnings to be paid by the Reserve Bank at least once each quarter, at a rate or rates not to exceed the general level of short-term interest rates.3 Institutions that are eligible to receive earnings on their balances held at Reserve Banks (‘‘eligible institutions’’) include depository institutions and certain other institutions.4 Section 19 also provides that the Board may prescribe regulations concerning the payment of earnings on balances at a Reserve Bank.5 Prior to these amendments, Regulation D established IORB at 4.4 percent.6 II. Amendment to IORB The Board is amending § 204.10(b)(1) of Regulation D to establish IORB at 4.15 percent. The amendment represents a 0.25 percentage point decrease in IORB. This decision was announced on September 17, 2025, with an effective date of September 18, 2025, in the Federal Reserve Implementation Note that accompanied the FOMC’s statement on September 17, 2025. The FOMC statement stated that the Committee decided to lower the target range for the federal funds rate to 4 to 41⁄4 percent. The Federal Reserve Implementation Note stated: The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System voted to lower the interest rate paid on reserve balances to 4.15 percent, effective September 18, 2025. As a result, the Board is amending § 204.10(b)(1) of Regulation D to establish IORB at 4.15 percent. III. Administrative Procedure Act In general, the Administrative Procedure Act (‘‘APA’’) 7 imposes three principal requirements when an agency promulgates legislative rules (rules made pursuant to Congressionally￾delegated authority): (1) publication with adequate notice of a proposed rule; (2) followed by a meaningful opportunity for the public to comment on the rule’s content; and (3) publication of the final rule not less than 30 days before its effective date. The APA provides that notice and comment procedures do not apply if the agency for good cause finds them to be ‘‘unnecessary, impracticable, or contrary to the public interest.’’ 8 Section 553(d) of the APA also provides that publication at least 30 days prior to a rule’s effective date is not required for (1) a substantive rule which grants or recognizes an exemption or relieves a restriction; (2) interpretive rules and statements of policy; or (3) a rule for which the agency finds good cause for shortened notice and publishes its reasoning with the rule.9 The Board has determined that good cause exists for finding that the notice, public comment, and delayed effective date provisions of the APA are unnecessary, impracticable, or contrary to the public interest with respect to these final amendments to Regulation D. The rate change for IORB that is reflected in the final amendment to Regulation D was made with a view towards accommodating commerce and business and with regard to their bearing upon the general credit situation of the country. Notice and public comment would prevent the Board’s action from being effective as promptly as necessary in the public interest and would not otherwise serve any useful purpose. Notice, public comment, and a delayed effective date would create uncertainty about the finality and effectiveness of the Board’s action and undermine the effectiveness of that action. Accordingly, the Board has determined that good cause exists to dispense with the notice, public comment, and delayed effective date procedures of the APA with respect to this final amendment to Regulation D. IV. Regulatory Flexibility Analysis The Regulatory Flexibility Act (‘‘RFA’’) does not apply to a rulemaking where a general notice of proposed rulemaking is not required.10 As noted previously, the Board has determined that it is unnecessary and contrary to the public interest to publish a general notice of proposed rulemaking for this final rule. Accordingly, the RFA’s requirements relating to an initial and final regulatory flexibility analysis do not apply. V. Paperwork Reduction Act In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act (‘‘PRA’’) of 1995,11 the Board reviewed the final rule under the authority delegated to the Board by the Office of Management and Budget. The final rule contains no requirements subject to the PRA. List of Subjects in 12 CFR Part 204 Banks, banking, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. Authority and Issuance For the reasons set forth in the preamble, the Board amends 12 CFR part 204 as follows: PART 204—RESERVE REQUIREMENTS OF DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS (REGULATION D) ■ 1. The authority citation for part 204 continues to read as follows: Authority: 12 U.S.C. 248(a), 248(c), 461, 601, 611, and 3105. ■ 2. Section 204.10 is amended by revising paragraph (b)(1) to read as follows: § 204.10 Payment of interest on balances.

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(b) * * * (1) For balances maintained in an eligible institution’s master account, interest is the amount equal to the interest on reserve balances rate (‘‘IORB rate’’) on a day multiplied by the total balances maintained on that day. The IORB rate is 4.15 percent.

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By order of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Michele Taylor Fennell, Associate Secretary of the Board. [FR Doc. 2025–19304 Filed 10–1–25; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6210–01–P CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU 12 CFR Part 1002 [Docket No. CFPB–2025–0017] RIN 3170–AB40 Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B); Extension of Compliance Dates AGENCY: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB or Bureau) is finalizing its June 18, 2025 interim final rule amending Regulation B to extend the compliance dates set forth in its 2023 small business lending rule, as amended by a 2024 interim final rule, and to make other date-related conforming adjustments. DATES: This final rule is effective December 1, 2025. VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:07 Oct 01, 2025 Jkt 265001 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\02OCR1.SGM 02OCR1 lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES1