Circular 15/2026/TT-BTC on Accounting Principles for Organizations Participating in the Cryptocurrency Asset Market in Vietnam

MINISTRY OF FINANCE

No.: 15/2026/TT-BTC

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence - Freedom - Happiness

Hanoi, March 04, 2026

CIRCULAR Guiding Accounting Principles for Organizations Participating in the Cryptocurrency Asset Market in Vietnam

Pursuant to the Accounting Law No. 88/2015/QH13, amended and supplemented by Law No. 56/2024/QH15;

Pursuant to the Digital Technology Industry Law No. 71/2025/QH15;

Pursuant to Resolution No. 52-NQ/TW dated September 27, 2019 of the Politburo on some orientations and policies for proactively participating in the Fourth Industrial Revolution;

Pursuant to Resolution No. 57-NQ/TW dated December 22, 2024 of the Politburo on breakthroughs in scientific and technological development, innovation, and national digital transformation setting a vision to 2045;

Pursuant to Resolution No. 05/2025/NQ-CP dated September 09, 2025 of the Government on piloting the cryptocurrency asset market in Vietnam;

Pursuant to Decree No. 29/2025/NĐ-CP dated February 24, 2025 of the Government specifying the functions, tasks, powers, and organizational structure of the Ministry of Finance, amended and supplemented by Decree No. 166/2025/NĐ-CP;

At the proposal of the Director of the Department of Accounting and Auditing Supervision;

The Minister of Finance hereby issues this Circular guiding accounting principles for organizations participating in the cryptocurrency asset market in Vietnam.

Article 1. Scope of Regulation

1. This Circular guides accounting principles for organizations participating in the cryptocurrency asset market in Vietnam during the pilot period in accordance with the contents and scope stipulated in Resolution No. 05/2025/NQ-CP dated September 09, 2025 of the Government on piloting the cryptocurrency asset market in Vietnam (hereinafter referred to as Resolution No. 05/2025/NQ-CP).

2. This Circular does not apply to the determination of tax obligations of organizations participating in the cryptocurrency asset market in Vietnam with the state budget.

---

Article 2. Applicable Subjects

This Circular applies to cryptocurrency asset service providers, cryptocurrency asset issuers, and domestic institutional investors established and operating in accordance with Vietnamese law that participate in the cryptocurrency asset market in Vietnam.

Article 3. Terminology Provisions

The terms used in this Circular are understood in accordance with Resolution No. 05/2025/NQ-CP; in cases not specifically stipulated, they are understood according to the economic substance of the transaction to serve accounting recording purposes.

Article 4. General Principles on Accounting Recording, Preparation, and Presentation of Financial Statements

1. Cryptocurrency asset service providers, cryptocurrency asset issuers, and domestic investors must fully comply with the provisions of the Accounting Law, Vietnamese Accounting Standards, the Enterprise Accounting System, and relevant legal regulations on the cryptocurrency asset market.

2. Cryptocurrency asset service providers, cryptocurrency asset issuers, and domestic investors shall perform accounting in accordance with the Enterprise Accounting System issued alongside Circular No. 99/2025/TT-BTC dated October 27, 2025 by the Minister of Finance, and the contents stipulated in this Circular, for accounting bookkeeping, preparation, and presentation of financial statements.

3. In cases where cryptocurrency asset issuers or domestic investors are enterprises or organizations applying a separate accounting system, they shall continue to apply that system alongside the provisions of this Circular for accounting, bookkeeping, preparation, and presentation of financial statements.

Article 5. Guidance on Accounting Principles for Cryptocurrency Asset Service Providers

1. Cryptocurrency asset service providers shall recognize revenue from providing cryptocurrency asset trading market organization services, cryptocurrency asset custody services, and cryptocurrency asset issuance platform services in the "Sales Revenue and Service Provision" account.

Sales revenue and service provision must be tracked in detail for each type of service and business activity of the cryptocurrency asset service provider. Cryptocurrency asset service providers must classify, track, and record detailed accounts receivable to implement timely recovery measures and establish provisions for doubtful debts in accordance with legal regulations.

---

2. Regarding cryptocurrency asset custody activities:

a) Cryptocurrency asset service providers are responsible for managing and accounting separately for customer funds and cryptocurrency assets from the service provider's own funds and cryptocurrency assets. Simultaneously, they must track funds and cryptocurrency assets in detail by each customer entity and each type of cryptocurrency asset.

b) Cryptocurrency assets of customers held in custody at cryptocurrency asset service providers shall not be recognized as assets of the service provider but shall be tracked in detail to meet management requirements and disclosures in financial statements.

c) Cryptocurrency asset service providers must track the "Customer Receivables" account of custodial members in detail by each entity, each receivable content, and each payment instance.

d) Cryptocurrency asset service providers shall recognize revenue from fees for custody services, fees for managing customers' cryptocurrency assets, services exercising rights and transferring cryptocurrency assets to customers, margin asset management services, and other custody service revenues.

3. Regarding cryptocurrency asset proprietary trading activities:

a) Cryptocurrency asset service providers shall recognize revenues and expenses from cryptocurrency asset proprietary trading activities similarly to securities trading activities. This analogous application is solely for accounting purposes and does not equate cryptocurrency assets with securities.

b) Cryptocurrency asset service providers must track in detail the types of cryptocurrency assets held for proprietary trading and fully and timely record revenues from cryptocurrency asset proprietary trading activities.

c) Cryptocurrency asset service providers shall establish risk provisions related to cryptocurrency asset proprietary trading activities similarly to securities companies' proprietary securities trading activities.

Article 6. Guidance on Accounting Principles for Cryptocurrency Asset Issuers

Cryptocurrency asset issuers conducting offerings and issuances through cryptocurrency asset issuance platforms shall base their accounting treatment on the nature of obligations arising from the issued cryptocurrency assets and the purpose of holding them. In cases where the cryptocurrency asset has the nature of capital mobilization, accounting shall be performed similarly to corporate borrowing activities.

---

Article 7. Guidance on Accounting Principles for Investors

Domestic investors participating in investments on cryptocurrency asset trading platforms of cryptocurrency asset service providers may conduct cryptocurrency asset buying and selling activities, with accounting performed similarly to financial investment activities, based on the purpose of investment and holding cryptocurrency assets to ensure appropriate accounting treatment.

Article 8. Effectiveness and Implementation Organization

1. This Circular takes effect from the date of signing and applies from the 2026 fiscal year until legal regulations are amended, supplemented, or replaced.

In cases where legal documents cited in this Circular are amended, supplemented, or replaced, implementation shall follow the newly amended, supplemented, or replaced document.

2. The Director of the Department of Accounting and Auditing Supervision; the Chairman of the State Securities Commission; the General Director (Director) of cryptocurrency asset service providers, cryptocurrency asset issuers, domestic investors, and heads of relevant units are responsible for implementing this Circular.

3. During implementation, in case of difficulties or obstacles, timely feedback shall be submitted to the Ministry of Finance for study and resolution.

Distribution List:

• Central Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam;
• Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Ministers;
• Central Committee Office and Party Departments;
• General Secretary's Office;
• National Assembly Office;
• National Council and National Assembly Committees;
• Office of the President;
• Central Committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front;
• Ministries, ministerial-level agencies, and government-affiliated agencies;
• Supreme People's Procuracy;
• State Audit Office;
• State Bank of Vietnam;
• Central organs of mass organizations;
• Central Steering Committee on Anti-Corruption and Anti-Extremism;
• Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry;
• People's Committees of provinces and centrally run cities;
• Department of Document Inspection and Administrative Violation Management and Handling (Ministry of Justice);
• Vietnam Accounting and Auditing Association;
• Vietnam Certified Public Accountants Association;
• Vietnam Blockchain and Digital Assets Association;
• Gazette;
• Government Electronic Portal;
• National Legal Database;
• Ministry of Finance Electronic Portal;
• Units under and directly under the Ministry of Finance;
• File VT (02 copies), Accounting Supervision Department (30 copies).

FOR THE MINISTER DEPUTY MINISTER

(Signed)

Nguyen Duc Tam