Institutional Program of Trusts Established in Relation to Agriculture (FIRA) 2025-2030

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DOF: 04/12/2025

INSTITUTIONAL PROGRAM OF TRUSTS ESTABLISHED IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE (FIRA) 2025-2030

A logo appears at the margin, which says: Trusts Established in Relation to Agriculture.

INSTITUTIONAL PROGRAM OF TRUSTS ESTABLISHED IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE

(FIRA) 2025 - 2030

1. Index

Index

Identification of the source of the Program's resources

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Legal Basis

Diagnosis of the current situation and long-term vision

Objectives

Strategies and lines of action

Indicators and targets

Glossary Annex

2. Identification of the source of the Program's resources

The Trusts Established in Relation to Agriculture (FIRA) are integrated by four trusts (FONDO, FEFA, FEGA, and FOPESCA) constituted by the Federal Government of Mexico through the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (Hacienda), in its capacity as the sole settlor of the Federal Public Administration, and the Bank of Mexico in its capacity as trustee. These trusts are part of the decentralized Federal Public Administration and the Mexican banking system, and their main purposes are to carry out financing operations, provide credit guarantees, and offer technical assistance to individuals and legal entities for the production, storage, and distribution of goods and services for or from the agricultural, forestry, and fishing sectors, as well as for agroindustry and other related or affiliated activities, and to strengthen economic development in rural areas.

The main source of FIRA's resources is income obtained as a result of fulfilling the purposes established in the trust agreements, such as the collection of interest on the granting of credits and premiums for the guarantees provided, as well as returns generated by the investment of own resources, among others. Regarding its expenditures, these are allocated to the fulfillment of the promotion activities of each of the trusts.

In accordance with the Federal Budget and Fiscal Responsibility Law, FONDO, FEFA, FEGA, and FOPESCA are considered as Coordinated Entities, Not Financially Supported and of Indirect Control, so their income is not included in the Federal Revenue Law, and their expenditures do not form part of the total net expenditure of the Federal Expenditure Budget.

In accordance with the above, all actions considered in this Program, including those corresponding to its objectives, strategies, and lines of action, as well as the monitoring, reporting, and accountability of these, will be carried out charged to the resources of the FIRA trusts, always adhering to the principles provided for in the Federal Republic Austerity Law and the applicable provisions of the Decree of the Federal Expenditure Budget.

3. Acronyms and Abbreviations

AGRICULTURE: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

APF: Federal Public Administration.

ASG: Environmental, Sustainable, and Governance (ESG).

CNBV: National Banking and Securities Commission.

CONAGUA: National Water Commission.

CONAFOR: National Forestry Commission.

CONAPO: National Population Council.

EBIS: Business Intelligence System (from English).

E1: Microenterprise with a final credited credit amount of up to 10,000 UDIS.

E2: Family Business with a final credited credit amount of up to 33,000 UDIS.

E3: Small Business with a final credited credit amount of up to 160,000 UDIS.

E4: Medium Business with a final credited credit amount of up to 4,000,000 UDIS.

E5: Large Business with a final credited credit amount of more than 4,000,000 UDIS.

ENIF: National Survey of Financial Inclusion.

FEFA: Special Fund for Agricultural Financing.

FEGA: Special Fund for Technical Assistance and Guarantee for Agricultural Credits.

FIRA: Trusts Established in Relation to Agriculture.

FONAGA: National Guarantee Fund.

FONDO: Guarantee and Promotion Fund for Agriculture, Livestock, and Poultry.

FOPESCA: Guarantee and Promotion Fund for Fishing Activities.

GEI: Greenhouse Gases.

Ha: Hectares.

Hacienda: Ministry of Finance and Public Credit.

IF: Private Financial Intermediaries.

IFNB: Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries.

INECC: National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change.

INEGI: National Institute of Statistics and Geography.

INMUJERES: National Institute of Women.

IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Medio Ambiente: Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources.

Medio Rural: Communities with a population of less than 50,000 inhabitants.

MIPYMES: Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises.

ODS: Sustainable Development Goals.

PI: Institutional Program 2025-2030 of FIRA.

PIB: Gross Domestic Product.

PND: National Development Plan 2025-2030.

Pp: Substantive Budgetary Program.

PRONAFIDE: National Development Financing Program 2025-2030.

RFC: Federal Taxpayer Registry.

SIIOF: Integrated Computer System of FIRA Operations.

SOCAP: Savings and Loan Cooperative Societies.

SOFIPOS: Popular Financial Societies.

SOFOMES: Multiple Object Financial Societies.

UBD: Development Banking Unit.

UDI: Investment Units.

UP: Production Units.

UPA: Agricultural Production Units.

USDA: United States Department of Agriculture (from English).

4. Legal Basis

Each of the trusts that make up FIRA has its own equity and independent accounting records; however, they operate under a single administration managed by the Bank of Mexico in its capacity as trustee. For this reason, this Institutional Program (PI) is unique and applies to the four trusts.

In congruence with the purposes of the FIRA, this PI aligns with the fundamental right to access nutritious, sufficient, and quality food, recognized in article 4, third paragraph, of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. In this sense, the financing, guarantee, and development actions promoted by FIRA contribute to the development of the agricultural, forestry, fishing, and rural sectors, indirectly contributing to social welfare, food security, and the sustainable development of Mexico.

The FIRA 2025-2030 PI is based on the following legal provisions:

· Article 26 of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States;

· Articles 2, 12, 17, fractions II, V, and VI, 22, 24, 26 Bis, 29 third paragraph, 30, and 31 second paragraph of the Planning Law;

· Articles 9 and 31 fraction VII of the Organic Law of the Federal Public Administration.

· Articles 47, 48, 49, and 59 fraction II of the Federal Law of Decentralized Entities, and articles 15 and 22 of its Regulations; and

· Article 31, second paragraph, of the Credit Institutions Law.

· National Development Plan (PND) 2025-2030.

· National Development Financing Program (PRONAFIDE) 2025-2030.

· Criteria for the management, evaluation, and updating of Programs derived from the National Development Plan 2025-2030.

· Guide for the preparation of Programs derived from the National Development Plan 2025-2030.

In accordance with articles 26 of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States and 2 of the Planning Law, the Mexican State has the responsibility to organize a democratic planning system for national development, which must seek solid, dynamic, competitive, permanent, and equitable economic growth.

Articles 9 of the Organic Law of the Federal Public Administration; 12, 17 fractions II, V, and VI, 22, 24, 26 Bis, 29 third paragraph, 30, and 31 second paragraph of the Planning Law; 47 of the Federal Law of Decentralized Entities, 15 and 22 of its Regulations; as well as 31, second paragraph, of the Credit Institutions Law establish the framework for the planning and operation of entities, including decentralized ones. These entities must prepare their institutional programs in congruence with the guidelines and objectives of the PND and attending to their corresponding sectoral program, which in the case of FIRA is PRONAFIDE.

According to articles 48 and 49 of the Federal Law of Decentralized Entities, the PI constitutes the assumption of commitments in terms of the goals and results that the decentralized entity must achieve, will be reviewed annually, and will be prepared in the terms and conditions set forth in the Planning Law.

Finally, FIRA is responsible for the integration, publication, execution, monitoring, and accountability of the PI.

5. Diagnosis of the current situation and long-term vision

5.1 Scope of Authority

The PND 2025-2030 is the guide for the objectives and actions of the Government of Mexico, through which it seeks to consolidate the transformation of the country under a development model with well-being, social justice, and sustainability. The PND 2025-2030 is composed of four general axes and three transversal axes that structure public policy as a whole.

General Axes

Transversal Axes

1. Governance with justice and citizen participation.

2. Development with well-being and humanism.

3. Moral economy and work.

4. Sustainable Development.

5. Substantive equality and women's rights.

6. Public innovation for national technological development.

7. Rights of indigenous and Afro-Mexican communities.

The PI of FIRA is framed within the authorities of Development Banking to contribute to the objectives and strategies established in the PND 2025-2030, approved by the Honorable Chamber of Deputies. In particular, it aligns with General Axis 3 "Moral economy and work," which contemplates an impetus for the social economy through, among other things, strengthening the Mexican countryside and achieving Mexico's food sovereignty, through support for the agricultural sector and the protection of the rights of those who work and live in the countryside.

In this context, FIRA contributes mainly to the two objectives of the PND indicated below:

General Axis 3 "Moral economy and work"

Alignment 100

commitments

PND 2025-2030 Objectives

PND 2025-2030 Strategies

Just and sovereign rural Republic

Objective 3.4 Strengthen food sovereignty to guarantee the development of the Mexican people with nutritious, sufficient, quality food, and at accessible prices for all.

Strategy 3.4.1 Strengthen the productive capacity and inclusion of producers, with emphasis on micro, small, and medium scale, to increase the national sustainable production of food under an agroecological approach.

Strategy 3.4.2 Promote the proper functioning of agricultural, aquaculture, and fishing markets, driving the generation of added value and optimizing the marketing of their products to guarantee food supply.

Prosperous and connected Republic.

Objective 3.10 Promote the development of supply chains to increase national content in productive phases, with a special focus on strengthening micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises.

Strategy 3.10.3 Foster improvements in the productivity and competitiveness of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises, facilitating their integration into global value and supply chains.

Additionally, the institution contributes to Objective 3.6 "Strengthen production, development, and technological modernization of the Mexican countryside, focusing on small and medium-sized producers, through the sustainable use of natural resources and the provision of quality public services."

Thus, the scope of authority of the PI of FIRA 2025-2030 contributes directly to the fulfillment of Objectives 3.4, 3.10, and 3.6 of the PND, as its purposes allow it to provide financing, credit guarantees, and technical assistance to individuals and legal entities for the production, storage, and distribution of goods and services destined for the agricultural, forestry, and fishing sectors, or linked to them, as well as for agroindustry and other related or affiliated activities, and to strengthen economic development in rural areas, with emphasis on territorial equity, attention to the sociocultural diversity of the rural environment, and the strengthening of financial capacities in populations traditionally excluded from the formal financial system.

5.2 Relevant Actors

For the preparation, implementation, and monitoring of the PI of FIRA 2025-2030, the different technical and operational areas of FIRA have been identified as key actors, whose experience and sectoral knowledge are fundamental for the design of effective strategies. It is also recognized the importance of incorporating the voices of those who implement these strategies directly in the territory: the field personnel in FIRA's regional offices. Their closeness to local realities and their ability to provide feedback on strategic decisions make them essential actors to ensure the relevance and operational viability of the Program.

Likewise, the participation of financial intermediaries, particularly those of a non-banking nature, is contemplated, due to their direct link with the target population segments. Similarly, producer organizations, rural women, agricultural youth, and representatives of indigenous and Afro-Mexican communities are considered fundamental actors. The inclusion of these groups seeks to strengthen a territorial, inclusive, and sensitive approach to the structural inequalities present in the sector.

In order to have solid evidence for the design, monitoring, and evaluation of the Program, collaboration with official data-generating institutions, such as INEGI, CNBV, INMUJERES, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRICULTURE), is also included. The information provided by these entities allows identifying gaps, orienting strategic decisions, and evaluating the impact of interventions.

The coordinated participation of these actors will allow the PI of FIRA 2025-2030 to be sensitive to the realities of the agri-food, forestry, and rural sectors, and that its objectives and lines of action materialize into measurable and impactful solutions.

5.3 Analysis of the current situation of the agri-food, forestry, and rural sector of Mexico

The agri-food, forestry, and rural sector is a fundamental pillar in the economy and society of Mexico, playing a crucial role in various aspects ranging from the economic to the social and environmental.

First, the Mexican agri-food sector contributes significantly to the country's economy. Although the primary sector represents 3.3% of GDP, this percentage increases to 8.2% when considering the entire agri-food sector. Additionally, it is a job generator, offering work to millions of people in rural areas and contributing to the economic stability of communities. Second, the livestock sector plays a crucial role in the fight against poverty. It provides income and sustenance to numerous families that depend on agriculture and livestock for their subsistence. Third, food security is a fundamental aspect addressed by the livestock sector. Mexico, being a country with rich agroclimatic diversity, has the capacity to produce a wide variety of foods. The livestock sector plays a crucial role in guaranteeing the food security of the population.

Despite its strategic relevance, the agri-food, forestry, and rural sector faces significant challenges that limit its full development and its contribution to the country's well-being. These challenges manifest in different areas, from the productivity of production units and access to financial services, to environmental sustainability and the inclusion of historically lagging populations. This diagnosis analyzes these problems, with the objective of identifying the structural gaps that must be addressed to strengthen the sector and enhance its economic, social, and environmental impact.

The starting point of the PI of FIRA 2025 - 2030 is the recognition of the main problems that hinder the development of the agricultural, forestry, fishing, and rural sectors of the country. As part of the Program formulation process, an analysis was carried out to identify the main situations that limit the development of the agri-food, forestry, and rural sector, particularly in those areas where FIRA can have a direct impact through its instruments.

From this process, three priority situations were identified that affect the economic units of the primary, agroindustrial, and rural sectors, and whose attention is coherent with the institutional authorities of FIRA and where its intervention can generate a transformative impact:

High levels of financial exclusion among the economic units of the agri-food, forestry, and rural sectors.

Low productivity and efficiency, as well as little integration into agri-food value chains.

High environmental and climatic vulnerability of agri-food productive activities, derived both from their exposure to climate risks and from the negative impact that their own productive practices generate on ecosystems.

The first situation identified is the persistence of high levels of financial exclusion among economic units of the agri-food, forestry, and rural sectors, particularly those that operate on a small scale or in conditions of structural vulnerability in the agricultural sector. Although access to financial services has grown in urban areas, the rural environment continues to face significant barriers such as the scarce presence of financial intermediaries, the lack of products adapted to the characteristics of the primary sector, low levels of formalization, and limited financial and digital education of users. This exclusion prevents producers from investing, growing, or preparing for contingencies, and deepens economic and social gaps, especially between rural women and productive youth.

The second priority situation is the low productivity and efficiency of agri-food value chains, especially in their primary production and small-scale transformation links. This situation responds to a combination of structural factors: scarce access to technology and innovation, deficiencies in extension and technical assistance services, limited articulation between producers, companies, and markets, as well as low investment in business management practices. Rural productive units face difficulties in adopting technological improvements, accessing quality inputs, and linking to value chains that allow them to scale their production and improve their income.

Finally, thirdly, there is the high environmental and climatic vulnerability of productive activities in the agri-food, forestry, and rural sectors, derived both from their exposure to climate risks and from the negative impact that their own productive practices generate on ecosystems. In the particular case of the primary sector, consequences of the activity include soil degradation, intensive and inefficient use of water, deforestation, overgrazing, and loss of biodiversity. The above reflects a productive model that, in many cases, has not incorporated sustainability criteria.

This situation is aggravated by the effects of climate change, which increase the frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena, directly affecting rural livelihoods. Added to this is the low adoption of risk management instruments, such as agricultural insurance, and the limited availability of incentives to promote resilient and sustainable practices. As a consequence, various rural regions of the country face a continuous loss of productive capacity, greater economic uncertainty, and environmental deterioration that compromises food security, the income of producing families, and the sustainability of the territory in the long term.

Below, a more detailed analysis of each of the identified situations, their structural causes, their main effects on the population, as well as how these relate to the institutional mandate of FIRA and the priority objectives defined for the 2025 - 2030 period is offered. This analysis allows supporting the strategies and lines of action that will guide FIRA's programmatic intervention in the coming years.

5.4 High levels of financial exclusion among the economic units of the primary, agroindustrial, and rural sectors

5.4.1 Description

When talking about financial exclusion in the agricultural sector and in the rural environment, this is understood as the limited or null capacity of access and use of formal financial services by producers and inhabitants of these sectors.

Financial inclusion is a key enabler of economic development in the agri-food, forestry, and rural sectors, as it allows producers to access fundamental tools to invest, grow, and face contingencies. In particular, access to credit facilitates the acquisition of inputs, machinery, technology, and working capital, essential elements to improve the productivity and profitability of productive units in the sector. In agricultural contexts, where productive cycles are subject to seasonality and climate risks, timely financing allows stabilizing consumption over time, managing risks, and taking advantage of market opportunities. However, access to credit in the agri-food, forestry, and rural sectors remains at relatively low levels, especially among smaller-scale producers, which limits their capacity to take advantage of productive opportunities and respond to risks.

Using data from the 2022 Agricultural Census, it was identified that, despite the growth in access to credit by agricultural production units (UPA), it is still at relatively low levels, as only 6.1% of these units have access to formal credit (Chart 1).

Chart 1.

Agricultural production units with access to credit (percentage of total)

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Source: Agricultural Census 2022, INEGI.

When analyzing credit penetration according to the size of Agricultural Production Units (UPAs), a marked inequality is observed: the smallest units face greater barriers to accessing formal financing. In particular, only 2.9% of units with less than 2 hectares report having received credit; while, among units of 50 to 100 hectares, this percentage rises to 11.7% (Chart 2).

This gap evidences that access to credit tends to concentrate among larger-scale producers, leaving a significant part of the rural sector behind. This difference becomes more relevant when we consider that 47% of UPAs have a surface area of less than 2 hectares (Chart 3).

Chart 2.

Production units with access to credit, by size (percentage by group)

Source: Agricultural Census 2022, INEGI.

Chart 3.

Production units, by size (percentage of total)

Source: Agricultural Census 2022, INEGI.

The problem of high financial exclusion is not particular to the agroalimentary and forestry sector, but also significantly affects rural areas in general. According to data from the ENIF 2024, only 26% of the population between 18 and 70 years old residing in localities with fewer than 15,000 inhabitants has formal credit (considering any type of credit). In comparison, for localities with more than 15,000 inhabitants, the penetration of formal credit rises to 43.3% (Chart 4).

Chart 4.

Population aged 18 to 70 by locality size, with formal credit (percentage)

Source: ENIF 2024, INEGI.

Based on the analysis presented, it is evident that financial exclusion in the agroalimentary, forestry, and rural sector represents a structural obstacle that limits the productive, economic, and social development of a significant part of the country. Despite some advances, access to formal credit remains low and markedly unequal. This situation prevents millions of people from taking advantage of investment opportunities, facing risks with greater resilience, and improving their quality of life.

Overcoming this problem requires focused public policies, greater innovation in products and financial accompaniment adapted to the rural context, and a more active role of development institutions, such as FIRA, to expand the coverage and effectiveness of financial services in the national territory. Only in this way will it be possible to build a more equitable and inclusive environment for those who live and produce in the Mexican countryside.

5.4.2 Causes and consequences of financial exclusion

Financial exclusion in the agroalimentary, forestry, and rural sector is due to multiple barriers, among which stand out: the lack of financial information, high service costs, restrictive access requirements, and the physical distance from financial institutions. These barriers constitute market failures, as they prevent certain population groups, such as women, older adults, indigenous and Afro-Mexican communities, as well as people with disabilities, from accessing basic financial products and services.

In this scenario, state intervention in the financial market is justified as a mechanism to correct these failures. Through various instruments, such as regulation, information provision, or direct participation in the market, the State can contribute to expanding access to financial services and promoting greater equity.

In this context, development banking plays a central role. Its mandate allows it to serve segments neglected by commercial banking and foster competition, either through the direct placement of resources as first-tier banking or through funding and guarantee schemes with financial intermediaries as second-tier banking. In this way, development banking contributes to expanding financial coverage and reducing structural inequalities in access to credit.

One of the main causes of this exclusion is the lack of reliable information that allows for a proper assessment of the credit risk of producers. Many of them do not have stable income histories, sufficient collateral, or formal records of their economic activities. This informality, frequent among the smallest producers, makes it difficult to meet the requirements established by financial intermediaries. According to data from the Agricultural Census 2022, only 28% of UPAs have private property rights over their lands (Chart 5). For the rest of the producers, it is difficult to use their land as collateral to access any type of credit.

Additionally, the low population density and geographic dispersion of rural communities significantly raise the operational costs of face-to-face financial services. For financial institutions, establishing and maintaining physical infrastructure in these areas represents a high cost that is not always justified by the potential profitability. This situation generates unequal coverage, where large rural areas remain underserved or with limited services. Although there is a considerable number of branches of financial intermediaries at the national level, most belong to banking institutions (Chart 6) and their attention is concentrated mainly in urban areas (Chart 7).

Chart 5.

Agricultural Production Units by land tenure (percentage)

Source: Agricultural Census 2022, INEGI.

Another relevant factor is the distrust of the formal financial system, fueled by previous negative experiences, as well as by the lack of financial education among the rural population. In many cases, producers prefer to resort to informal savings or credit schemes, such as rotating savings clubs (tandas) or loans among acquaintances, which, although more accessible, offer less favorable conditions and little protection against abuses or risks. The lack of knowledge about the benefits and characteristics of formal financial services also inhibits their use, perpetuating cycles of exclusion. According to data from ENIF 2024, 20% of the rural population only has informal credit instruments, mostly consisting of loans from family or friends.

Chart 6.

Distribution of branches by sector

Source: Annual Panorama of Financial Inclusion 2024, CNBV

Chart 7.

Concentration of georeferenced branches

Source: Annual Panorama of Financial Inclusion 2024, CNBV

5.4.3 Relevant gaps or lags in financial inclusion

In addition to identifying the structural problems facing financial inclusion in the agroalimentary, forestry, and rural sector, it is essential to make visible the gaps that affect certain population groups unequally. In particular, small producers, women, youth, and Afro-Mexican and indigenous populations face persistent lags in access to financial services and productive opportunities. These populations often encounter additional barriers associated with historical, sociocultural, and territorial inequalities, which translates into lower levels of access to financing, technical assistance, technology, and marketing channels. Addressing these gaps not only responds to principles of equity and social justice, but also constitutes a strategic opportunity to strengthen the country's productive base and move towards a more inclusive and sustainable rural development.

The first gap noted is by the size of the UPAs. Proof of this is that slightly more than 95% of microenterprises in the sector do not have credit, despite representing 46% of Agricultural Production Units (Table 1).

Table 1. Credit penetration by size of Agricultural Production Unit

Strata

Number of UPAs

UPA Participation

(%)

UPAs with at least one credit (%)

E1: Microenterprise

2,123,236

45.9

4.6

E2: Family Business

245,065

5.3

13.6

E3: Small Business

265,779

5.7

19.2

E4: Medium Business

294,929

6.4

22.3

E5: Large Business

21,557

0.5

28.8

TOTAL*

2,950,566

64

8.6

*Does not include Subsistence Family UPAs, as they are fundamentally for self-consumption and are not linked to the market.

Source: Own elaboration with figures from the Agricultural Census 2022, INEGI.

In the case of the gender gap, the results of ENIF 2024 show a difference of 8 percentage points between men and women in the ownership of at least one financial product (Chart 8).

Chart 8.

Adult population with at least one financial product by sex (percentage)

Source: ENIF 2024, INEGI.

If an even more detailed breakdown of the rural scope is performed, it is observed that the indigenous population also shows significant lags. Only 51% of indigenous women have a savings account, 26% with credit, and 10% with insurance; while in indigenous men the figures rise to 63%, 28%, and 21%, respectively (Chart 9). In contrast, the non-indigenous population presents higher averages, such as 57% in savings accounts, 37% in credit, and 23% in insurance. Likewise, in the case of the Afro-Mexican population, persistent gaps are also observed, with 48% ownership in savings accounts, 27% in credit, and 11% in insurance, all below national averages.

Chart 9.

Ownership of products among adult indigenous self-described population (percentage)

Source: ENIF 2024, INEGI.

The experience of older adults reveals that, although social programs can drive access to certain financial products such as savings accounts, this does not guarantee full financial inclusion. Despite reaching high account ownership (80%), the levels of access to credit (23%) and insurance (18%) remain low, which limits their ability to face unforeseen events or invest (Chart 10).

Chart 10.

Ownership of financial products by age group (percentage)

Source: ENIF 2024, INEGI.

This pattern evidences that late financial inclusion leaves lags difficult to reverse in later stages of life. Therefore, it is essential to focus efforts on the young population, promoting from an early age the access and effective use of a wider range of financial services. Only then will it be possible to build a more solid financial trajectory, allowing them to face risks, take advantage of economic opportunities, and plan their future with greater resilience and autonomy.

These gaps, in addition to being a matter of social equity, have direct implications for the development of the agroalimentary sector.

Small producers, as well as the indigenous, Afro-Mexican, women, and young populations, make up a substantial part of the UPAs, forestry, and rural areas in Mexico. Therefore, addressing the structural barriers that limit their social and economic inclusion is fundamental to boosting the productivity of the countryside.

In the case of FIRA, this takes on strategic relevance, as its resources must be channeled precisely to the productive units of the agroalimentary, forestry, and rural sector, and a significant part of these productive units are composed of these groups. Hence, the design and strengthening of adequate and accessible financing schemes, through second-tier banking and financial intermediaries, is a priority.

5.4.4 Objective derived

From the analysis of the causes explaining financial exclusion in the agroalimentary, forestry, and rural sector, the following objective of the Institutional Program is derived: Expand financial inclusion in the agroalimentary, forestry, and rural sector, with emphasis on vulnerable groups seeking conditions for substantive equality. This objective responds directly to the structural barriers identified in the diagnosis, such as productive informality, geographic dispersion, low population density, distrust of the financial system, and low levels of financial education.

In the "Objectives" section, it is detailed how this objective is linked to the NDP 2025-2030, PRONAFIDE 2025-2030, and SDGs.

5.5 Low productivity and efficiency in agroalimentary value chains

5.5.1 Description

One of the main challenges facing the agroalimentary sector in Mexico is low productivity and efficiency in its value chains, which limits its capacity to generate income, quality jobs, and well-being in rural communities. This problem becomes evident when comparing national yields with those of other producing countries; even in key crops such as maize, Mexico shows a lag in productivity. Mexico registers a yield of 3.9 tons per hectare of maize, a figure below countries such as the United States or Canada, which exceed 10 tons per hectare. Even comparing with similar economies, Argentina or Brazil (yields close to 6 tons per hectare), the gap is significant (Chart 11).

Chart 11.

Average yield in maize-producing countries (tons per hectare)

Source: 2022 USDA, INEGI.

The low productivity of the agroalimentary sector in Mexico is concentrated mainly in small producers. According to the Agricultural Census 2022, producers with less than 2 hectares, who constitute 60% of the national total, obtain an average yield of only 1.8 tons per hectare. In contrast, those with surfaces of 50 hectares or more achieve yields above 7 tons per hectare (Chart 12).

Chart 12.

Yield of maize producers in Mexico, by producer size (tons per hectare)

Source: Agricultural Census 2022, INEGI.

This marked difference translates into a generalized productive lag in much of the Mexican countryside, limiting its capacity to fully contribute to sector development and the well-being of rural communities. This situation not only restricts sector growth, but also deepens territorial and productive inequalities. Addressing these gaps is fundamental to achieving more inclusive, competitive, and sustainable development in the agroalimentary field.

Strengthening the productivity of the Mexican countryside is not only key to improving the income and well-being of millions of people who depend on the agroalimentary activity, but also to moving towards greater shared prosperity in the rural zones of the country. A more efficient and dynamic agroalimentary, forestry, and rural sector can contribute significantly to closing territorial and social gaps, while reinforcing the country's capacity to supply food in a sufficient, stable, and accessible manner.

5.5.2 Causes and consequences

Understanding the structural causes and effects derived from low productivity and efficiency in agroalimentary value chains is essential for the design of strategies that generate a transformative impact on the sector.

On the one hand, barriers persist that hinder the incorporation of technology and technical knowledge by producers, as well as restrictions in access to the financing necessary to make long-term productive investments. On the other, there is weak articulation between the different links of the chains, which reduces opportunities for value addition, productive linking, and access to better markets. These conditions have important implications not only for the profitability of productive units, but also for the competitiveness of the sector, the generation of income in rural areas, and the country's food security.

The low adoption of productive technologies in the agroalimentary sector is manifested in various behaviors observed among production units, and is closely linked to limited technical knowledge on the part of producers. One of the clearest indicators is the type of seed used: 61% of these units report using creole seeds, while only 33% use any improved or certified variety (Chart 13).

Chart 13.

Type of seed used in UP with open-field agriculture

Source: Agricultural Census 2022.

This pattern suggests a low knowledge about the productive benefits of improved seeds or a lack of accompaniment that allows them to evaluate their convenience. Similarly, the use of organic inputs is very low, with only between 4% and 6% of production units reporting their use, which could be related to ignorance about their management, benefits, or availability (Chart 14). This limited incorporation of technology responds in large part to the scarce provision of extension and technical assistance services: only 6.7% of production units receive technical assistance. In the absence of specialized guidance, many productive decisions are made based on inherited practices or intuition, which restricts the possibilities of improving the yield, efficiency, and sustainability of agricultural activities.

Chart 14.

Technology used by UP with open-field agriculture

Source: Agricultural Census 2022.

Additionally, limited access to productive credit constitutes a significant barrier to the modernization of the sector, especially with regard to the acquisition of long-term assets, such as machinery, equipment, or infrastructure. This restriction affects smaller-scale production units more severely. According to data from the Agricultural Census 2022, only 2.9% of units with up to 2 hectares reported having accessed formal credit, reflecting a structural financial exclusion for this segment (Chart 15).

Chart 15.

Production units with obtaining of credit, by producer size (percentage)

Source: Agricultural Census 2022, INEGI.

This lack of financing translates into a lower capacity to invest in productive assets. The absence of these assets limits not only the yield of agricultural activities, but also the possibility of incorporating more efficient, capital-intensive, and sustainable practices in the long term.

One of the clearest expressions of this investment limitation is the low penetration of machinery use, such as the tractor, among the smallest production units. According to the Agricultural Census 2022, only 28% of producers with up to 2 hectares use a tractor in their activities, in contrast to almost 60% of production units of more than 100 hectares. This gap not only reflects differences in scale, but also in financial capacity and access to credit. The inequality is even more marked when analyzing equipment ownership: only 1% of small units own their own tractor, while in larger units this proportion rises to 40%. These data evidence how financing restrictions directly impact the possibility of modernizing productive processes, thus perpetuating productivity gaps between producers of different scales (Chart 16).

Chart 16.

Production units with use and ownership of tractor, by producer size (percentage)

Source: Agricultural Census 2022, INEGI.

Finally, the weak articulation between the different links of the agroalimentary value chains represents an important obstacle to improving productivity and sector profitability. In particular, the limited linking of small producers with formal markets or those with higher value added reduces their opportunities to generate more stable and competitive income. According to the Agricultural Census 2022, 53% of UPAs market their products through intermediaries. This market structure, characterized by an excessive participation of intermediaries, usually translates into unfavorable conditions for producers, who face reduced profit margins and little bargaining power over prices (Chart 17).

On the other hand, although approximately 32% of producers report selling directly to the end consumer, this practice is not always optimal. In many cases, producers lack the necessary knowledge about marketing channels, market dynamics, or positioning strategies, which can limit their reach and their capacity to capture greater value. Only 9.1% of production units report selling to packers or industries, links that usually offer better prices and opportunities for productive integration. This scarce linking with industrial segments or organized chains prevents producers from incorporating into higher value-added schemes, benefiting from more stable commercial agreements, and accessing innovation or certification processes.

Chart 17.

Production units, according to the main buyer of production (percentage)

Source: Agricultural Census 2022, INEGI.

This problem is not limited to the agricultural sector, but is also present in the livestock sector, where a high dependence on intermediaries is observed in the marketing of products. For example, in the case of honey production, 47% of units report selling to an intermediary, while this proportion rises to 50.7% in the case of sheep and 57.9% for goats. These figures reflect a commercial structure dominated by intermediation, which limits producers' possibilities of capturing greater value for their production. Although in bovine and swine systems a greater participation of slaughterhouses as marketing channels is observed, direct sales to commercial centers or supermarkets remain marginal, suggesting that high value-added channels remain largely inaccessible to a large part of livestock producers (Chart 18).

Chart 18.

Sold production of cattle and honey (percentage)

Source: Agricultural Census 2022, INEGI.

The causes described - low adoption of productive technology, limited access to credit for long-term investments, and weak articulation in value chains - are not isolated problems, but interrelated elements that, together, keep a significant part of the agroalimentary sector in a state of low productivity and efficiency. The lack of technical knowledge and specialized assistance limits the incorporation of modern and sustainable practices. In turn, the scarce availability of adequate financing prevents producers from investing in strategic assets that could transform their productive processes. Finally, the

disarticulation from the subsequent links in the value chain excludes them from more dynamic markets and opportunities for integration that could improve their income and economic stability.

These structural conditions have direct consequences for the rural population. First, low productivity levels limit income generation and reduce the profitability of agricultural and livestock activities, perpetuating conditions of poverty and vulnerability among producers, especially those on a smaller scale. Second, by not fully exploiting the country's productive potential, dependence on external food supplies increases, weakening national food sovereignty and exposing the country to greater risks in the face of global crises. Finally, the lack of integration with higher value-added markets restricts the sector's capacity to grow in a sustainable and competitive manner, preventing the consolidation of more just, efficient, and resilient value chains.

In this context, reversing these causes would not only allow for an improvement in sector productivity but also advance towards a more inclusive, resilient, and sovereign rural development.

5.5.3 Relevant Gaps or Lags

Based on the analysis of available information, no significant differentiated gaps in productivity and efficiency were identified for other population subgroups, such as women or indigenous peoples. It is important to note that the scarcity and fragmentation of data makes it difficult to precisely identify these gaps, so it is necessary to strengthen the collection and disaggregation of information with an inclusive approach.

Nevertheless, the most relevant and documented gap corresponds to the size of the producer, as already illustrated above. The smallest production units concentrate the lowest levels of productivity and face greater obstacles to incorporating themselves competitively into value chains. This disparity represents a priority challenge for public policies in the sector.

5.5.4 Objective Derived

Derived from the diagnosis of low productivity and efficiency in agri-food value chains, the objective within this Institutional Program is to stimulate productive investment in the agri-food, forestry, and rural medium sectors to drive growth and efficiency in value chains. This objective responds to the need to remove structural barriers and link effectively with higher value-added markets. The "Objectives" section details how this objective links with the National Development Plan 2025-2030, PRONAFIDE 2025-2030, and the SDGs.

5.6 High Environmental and Climatic Vulnerability of Primary Productive Activities, Derived from Both Exposure to Climatic Risks and the Negative Impact Their Own Productive Practices Generate on Ecosystems.

5.6.1 Description

Environmental sustainability in the agri-food sector is not only a condition for guaranteeing long-term productivity but also a means to preserve natural resources, protect biodiversity, and mitigate the effects of climate change. Including a sustainability perspective in agricultural financing policies is essential to ensure that sector growth does not compromise the well-being of future generations. Below, each of the main environmental problems of the agri-food, forestry, and rural medium sector is explained in detail.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions.

Chart 19. Historical emissions by economic sector (1990-2021)

Source. Environment-INECC, 2024.

According to the IPCC, agricultural activities produce 23% of global GHG emissions, making it one of the main contributors to the expected increase in average temperatures. In Mexico, direct emissions from the agriculture, forestry, and other land use sectors are estimated at 19% of national GHGs. Livestock stands out, contributing 13.2% of these gases (Chart 19).

The increase in average air temperature due to an increase in atmospheric GHG concentrations can increase evapotranspiration and reduce water availability for irrigation, as well as favor the proliferation of pests and diseases, negatively affecting agricultural yields. In relation to the 1900-1930 period, the Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Change describes that the increase in average air temperature in Mexico was 1.69°C in 2022, above the global average temperature increase of 1.23°C. The largest increases occurred in the northern and southeastern parts of the country.

Chart 20.

Climatological difference of daily precipitation in Mexico

Source: Own elaboration based on the Copernicus Climate Atlas.

Likewise, climate change has decreased precipitation in regions of the north of the country and the Yucatan Peninsula, and increased it in the center and south. It has also modified the distribution of precipitation throughout the year, with significant increases in summer and autumn. Meanwhile, extreme events of both temperature and precipitation have become more frequent and severe (Chart 20).

Deforestation, land use change, and its contamination

Mexico is one of the countries with the highest deforestation rates among Latin American countries. In 2023, the annual deforestation rate was 183,882 hectares, although below the average annual rate of the 2001-2021 period, which was 208,850 hectares (Chart 21). According to CONAFOR, in the period 2001 to 2023, 94% of forest ecosystem loss was attributed to the agricultural sector: 73% to conversion to pastures and 22% to agricultural land. On the other hand, according to the Ministry of Environment, 44.9% of the country's soils are affected by some process of degradation: chemical (17.8%), hydric (11.9%), aeolian (9.5%), and physical (5.7%). 35% of the degraded surface is associated with agricultural activities.

Chart 21.

Annual gross national deforestation surface, 2001 - 2023

Hectares (ha)

Source. National Forest Monitoring System (SNMF), 2024

Loss of biodiversity

Mexico is the fourth country with the highest number of threatened species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, and among the main causes of this result are: a) transformation, degradation, and fragmentation of ecosystems, due to the expansion of agriculture and livestock; b) climate change; c) pollution; d) illegal hunting and fishing; and e) invasive species.

Overexploitation and water contamination

According to the IUCN, agriculture, with the exception of Europe, is the sector that consumes the most water worldwide (between 70% and 90% of the total). In Mexico, the agricultural sector uses 76% of consumptive use (Chart 22), mainly for irrigation, although it also includes livestock and aquaculture activities. CONAGUA mentions that the water conceded to agriculture is destined for irrigation districts, which cover 18% of the total agricultural area.

Chart 22.

Volume of water conceded by sector, 2001-2017

Source. CONAGUA, Water Statistics in Mexico.

According to CONAGUA, Mexico faces water scarcity in two-thirds of the country (center, north, and northwest). Currently, 115 of the 653 aquifers in Mexico are overexploited, 32 with soil and water salinization, and 18 have marine intrusion.

On the other hand, millions of cubic meters of wastewater are discharged into water bodies each year, including industrial and agricultural discharges treated inadequately or not at all. Water contamination has a severe impact on ecosystems and health. Contamination caused by activities in the agri-food sector is associated with: discharge of untreated industrial waste; deforestation and soil erosion; indiscriminate use of agrochemicals.

5.6.2 Causes and Consequences

The high environmental and climatic vulnerability of agri-food productive activities is explained by the convergence of three main causes. First, the growing exposure of the sector to climatic risks such as droughts, frosts, floods, and other extreme weather phenomena, whose frequency and intensity have increased in recent years. This exposure is aggravated by the progressive degradation of natural resources - particularly soils, water, and vegetation cover - which decreases the resilience capacity of ecosystems in the face of adverse events. Chart 23 shows that droughts in Mexican territory have become increasingly frequent, with greater severity and permanence.

Chart 23.

Territory with drought conditions (percentage)

Source: CONAGUA, Drought Monitor.

Second, many of the productive practices that predominate in the sector are environmentally unsustainable. The intensive use of agrochemicals, inefficient water management, and the expansion of the agricultural frontier over fragile ecosystems have generated cumulative negative effects on the environment. These practices not only aggravate the sector's vulnerability to the impacts of climate change but also actively contribute to environmental degradation. For example, the use of organic inputs is low compared to the use of traditional inputs. Additionally, practices such as conservation tillage, which preserves nutrients and prevents erosion, are only practiced in 16.3% of production units.

Finally, important structural limitations persist that prevent producers from adopting sustainable solutions. Among these are limited access to green financing, low coverage of climate insurance, and a scarce supply of technical assistance with an environmental focus. These barriers hinder the transition to more resilient and sustainable production models, particularly among smaller-scale producers.

The agri-food sector faces a series of negative effects that compromise both its economic performance and its environmental sustainability. One of the most immediate impacts is the decrease in productivity and profitability, particularly in production units more exposed to extreme climatic phenomena. Prolonged droughts, severe frosts, or torrential rains generate recurrent losses in crops and productive assets, directly affecting producers' income and raising investment risks. This productive instability not only weakens planning and reinvestment capacities in the medium term but also discourages innovation and financing in the sector, especially among small and medium producers.

Additionally, environmentally unsustainable productive practices have generated increasing pressure on natural ecosystems. The intensive use of agrochemicals and fertilizers contributes to soil and water body contamination, affecting both environmental quality and the health of rural communities. Agricultural expansion over areas of high ecological value has facilitated the loss of biodiversity, habitat fragmentation, and the deterioration of fundamental ecosystem services, such as pollination or water regulation. This is added to the sector's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, resulting from practices such as the burning of agricultural residues, inefficient use of nitrogenous fertilizers, and inadequate management of organic waste, which increases its climate footprint and compromises national and international mitigation efforts.

A third relevant effect is the progressive erosion and degradation of agricultural soils. The loss of organic matter, overgrazing, monoculture, and improper land use have reduced its natural fertility and water retention capacity, making production systems more vulnerable to extreme climatic events. This degradation limits the sector's capacity to sustain its productivity in the long term and also decreases its potential as a carbon sink, reducing its contribution to climate change mitigation and accentuating the vicious circle of environmental deterioration and low economic performance.

5.6.3 Relevant Gaps or Lags

In this case, no significant gaps or lags associated with specific populations were identified. Negative impacts on the environment, such as soil degradation, water contamination, or biodiversity loss, affect the entire population transversely, regardless of their socioeconomic condition, gender, or ethnic group. In this sense, environmental sustainability is configured as a shared responsibility among all actors in the agri-food sector and society as a whole.

Nevertheless, two strategic areas were identified where the Mexican agri-food sector can generate significant positive impacts. First, in the more efficient use of water, especially in regions with high pressure on aquifers and low water availability. Second, in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, through more sustainable agricultural practices and low-carbon technologies. Both fronts represent opportunities not only to mitigate the environmental impacts of the sector but also to strengthen its climate resilience and long-term viability.

Likewise, although the effects of climate change manifest themselves in a generalized way, there are territories that face particularly adverse conditions. Some municipalities in the country present greater climatic vulnerability due to their geographic location, environmental conditions, and level of infrastructure. In these places, the impacts of climate change have become more evident in recent years, reflected in phenomena such as the reduction of water availability, the intensification of floods and droughts, as well as the increase in the incidence of climate-related diseases, such as dengue and gastrointestinal infections.

5.6.4 Objective Derived

The analysis of the public problem of the high environmental and climatic vulnerability of agri-food productive activities highlights the urgency of transitioning to more sustainable and resilient production models. The identified causes reflect a risk environment that compromises both the economic viability of the sector and its ecological balance. In this context, FIRA's objective to contribute to the solution of this problem is to foster sustainable development in environmental and social matters in the agri-food, forestry, and rural medium sector, and to increase its adaptation and resilience to climate change. This objective allows articulating efforts in mitigation, adaptation, and productive transformation, while strengthening producers' capacities to face the environmental challenges of the present and the future. The "Objectives" section details how this objective links with the National Development Plan 2025-2030, PRONAFIDE 2025-2030, and the SDGs.

5.7 Long-term Vision

FIRA will be a fundamental catalyst in the productive transformation of Mexico towards 2045, based on its solid support for the countryside. FIRA's vision is based on the Mexico Plan and adapts to global opportunities, such as the urgency of resilience to climate change, digitalization, the shift of agri-food systems to sustainability, the reconfiguration of value chains, and the need to incorporate a gender perspective transversally. Through five interconnected strategic axes, FIRA seeks to drive an agri-food, forestry, and rural medium sector that is sustainable, resilient, innovative, inclusive, equitable, and competitive, thus constituting an essential pillar for national sovereignty. The axes are:

Impulse to Strategic Value Chains and Food Sovereignty: FIRA will finance and articulate projects to strengthen strategic agri-food, forestry, and rural medium value chains. This will increase national content, added value, and sector sovereignty. The goal is to integrate national industries, efficiently substitute imports, and compete in global markets with differentiated and sustainable products, ensuring climate resilience and inclusion, with emphasis on the participation of women, young people, indigenous, and Afro-Mexican populations, throughout the chain.

Additionally, access to high-value markets will be promoted for small and medium producers with export-quality production.

Leadership in Sustainable Finance, Climate Adaptation and Resilience, and Bioeconomy: FIRA will direct financing and market development such as carbon, parametric insurance, and ecosystem services. The objective is to create a climate-resilient rural sector, actively supporting adaptation measures, efficient in resource use (water, soil, energy), low-emission, biodiversity-protecting, and promoting the bioeconomy. Specific taxonomies will be developed and promoted to guide sustainable investment. Furthermore, it will be ensured that the transition benefits all actors equitably, recognizing and enhancing the role of women.

Impulse to Innovation, Technology, and Digitalization (Agro 4.0, AI, Big Data, and Digital Extension): FIRA will decisively promote the adoption, development, and financing of advanced technologies (digital, AgriTech, biotechnology, genomics, automation, big data management, artificial intelligence, and innovative models such as digital extension) throughout the rural and agroindustrial sector, to raise productivity, efficiency, traceability, and competitiveness sustainably. Seeking to reduce the technological gap between small producers and those operating on a larger scale.

Deepening Financial Inclusion with a Gender Focus and Resilient Territorial Development: FIRA will prioritize equitable and timely access to financing for small producers, young people, indigenous and Afro-Mexican communities, as well as priority and climate-vulnerable territories. This will be achieved by strengthening strategic alliances with diverse intermediaries (SOCAPs, IFNB, and banks) and implementing innovative and personalized mechanisms that combine different capital sources and instruments (credit, guarantees) to expand coverage and address the distinct needs of each segment, with differentiated attention to gender, age, interculturality, and local resilience-building needs.

Institutional Excellence, Capital Mobilization, and Strategic Adaptation: FIRA will consolidate as a financially solid and sustainable institution, a leader in comprehensive risk management, sectoral data intelligence, operational efficiency (driven by digitalization), and transparency. The institution will maintain its agile adaptation capacity to environmental changes and mobilize diversified funding sources, including local and international markets, multilateral, and thematic funds with ESG criteria. This positioning will strengthen its role in the development of sectoral standards and taxonomies with a comprehensive sustainability perspective (environmental, social, and gender).

5.8 Potential Population and Objective

5.8.1 Specific Definition of FIRA's Potential Population:

FIRA's Potential Population is defined as the broad universe of economic actors (natural and legal persons in the agri-food, forestry, and rural medium sector of the country) characterized by:

· Alignment with Mandate and Regulation: Carrying out economic activities related to the production, collection, and distribution of goods and services in the agricultural and forestry sectors, as well as agroindustry and other related activities, or those developed in the rural medium.

· Presence of Significant Barriers: Currently facing one or more barriers (economic, productive, market, infrastructure, information, organizational, formalization, geographic, or exposure to risks) that limit their development.

· Limited Access to Financing in the Present: Not currently meeting all conditions, due to the existence of these barriers, and therefore facing significant difficulties to access formal financing immediately without FIRA's support.

· Future Development Potential: Possessing the inherent potential to, with adequate support (FIRA development services and/or adapted financial instruments), overcome their barriers, consolidate the viability of their project, and become creditworthy subjects.

5.8.2 General Methodology for Approximating Size:

Primary Sector (Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, and Aquaculture):

· Source: INEGI - Agricultural Census 2022 (for UPAs with sales) and Economic Censuses 2024 (for Fishing/Aquaculture).

· Detail: The figure includes 2,950,566 UPAs reporting sales plus 24,817 Fishing and Aquaculture Production Units.

· Primary Estimation: 2,975,383 Production Units.

Industrial Sector (Agroindustry / Transformation):

· Source: INEGI - Economic Censuses 2024.

· Detail: Corresponds to the number of Production Units dedicated to industrialization or transformation within the agri-food chain.

· Industrial Estimation: 426,808 Production Units.

Marketing Sector (related to agricultural chains):

· Source: INEGI - Economic Censuses 2024.

· Detail: Refers to the number of Production Units focused on the trade of goods and services related to agricultural chains.

· Marketing Estimation: 1,154,479 Production Units.

Rural Financing / Services Sector (Rural Household Businesses):

· Source: INEGI - ENIGH 2022.

· Detail: Represents the number of businesses owned by households located in the rural sector (localities of less than 15 thousand inhabitants) that report sales.

· Rural Financing/Services Estimation: 4,255,227 Household Businesses.

5.8.3 Specific Definition of FIRA's Target Population:

FIRA's target population is defined as the subset of the Potential Population composed of economic actors (natural and legal persons in the agricultural, forestry, fishing, and rural medium sectors of the country - organic statute -) who meet the following:

· Concrete Opportunity in the Present: They represent a current and concrete opportunity for FIRA's intervention. They seek

actively finance formal funding and, overcoming specific barriers (often thanks to the enabling intervention of FIRA through advice, structuring, specific information or financial instruments), can effectively access or formalize a viable funding application in the short term.

In addition, the following characteristics are considered desirable:

· Demonstrated viability: They present productive projects or funding needs with already demonstrated viability (technical, economic, financial), which can be supported by FIRA's instruments.

· Full eligibility: They meet all the fundamental eligibility criteria established by FIRA and its specific programs (including regulatory exclusions).

· Enabling conditions for intermediation: They have sufficient and current organizational, formalization and logistical conditions that allow them to access, interact and be effectively evaluated by the network of financial intermediaries with which FIRA operates.

6. Objectives

In accordance with the institutional diagnosis, FIRA has defined a set of objectives that guide its actions for the 2025-2030 period. These objectives reflect the institution's commitment to the development of the agro-food, forestry and rural sector, and respond to both national strategies and the attributions conferred upon it.

Below are the objectives that will guide the implementation of FIRA's Institutional Program for the 2025-2030 period.

Objectives of FIRA's Institutional Program 2025-2030

Objective 1. Expand financial inclusion in the agro-food, forestry and rural sector, with an emphasis on vulnerable groups seeking conditions for substantive equality.

Objective 2. Stimulate productive investment in the agro-food, forestry and rural sector, to drive growth and efficiency in value chains.

Objective 3. Foster sustainable development in environmental and social matters in the agro-food, forestry and rural sector, and increase its adaptation and resilience to climate change.

6.1 Relevance of Objective 1

Based on the Institutional Diagnosis, it was identified that low financial inclusion in rural areas is due to various structural failures. Among them stand out the high banking concentration in urban areas, high transaction costs and the distrust of intermediaries towards this segment. Requirements that exclude people without collateral, without RFC (Taxpayer Registry Code) or without credit history also influence this. To this are added the limited economic, financial, productive and digital skills of many producers.

This objective seeks to address these barriers with a comprehensive strategy. Its purpose is to close the gap in access and use of formal financial services, with an emphasis on small-scale producers and historically excluded groups.

The actions proposed by FIRA seek to address both market failures and the structural and cultural conditions that perpetuate financial exclusion in the Mexican countryside.

FIRA's Objective 1 is closely aligned with the National Development Plan 2025-2030, particularly with Axis General 3: Moral Economy and Work, which promotes the well-being of the most vulnerable population. In this sense, financial inclusion is recognized as a key instrument to drive economic development from the local level, by facilitating access to financial resources that incentivize investment, consumption and the generation of sustainable income, especially in rural communities. This objective contributes not only to Objective 3.2, oriented towards guaranteeing universal access to financial services, but also to Objective 3.4, by favoring the integration of small and medium producers into more sustainable productive schemes, in accordance with what is established in Strategy 3.4.1, which promotes the strengthening of productive capacity under an agroecological approach.

Additionally, this objective incorporates the principles of equality and non-discrimination transversally. It contributes indirectly to the goals of Transversal Axis 1: Substantive equality and women's rights, through Strategy T1.1.4, oriente towards promoting the economic empowerment of women through their financial inclusion and autonomy in the management of resources; and it is also aligned with Strategy T3.6.2, by fostering the economic participation of indigenous and Afro-Mexican peoples through the services offered by FIRA, which allows fostering financial inclusion, access to resources and markets, and the boost to the added value of their goods and services, guaranteeing tools for training and productive development. Through inclusive solutions and capacity development programs, FIRA reinforces its role as an agent of transformation to close structural gaps and expand development opportunities in the rural sphere.

With regard to the Mexico Plan, this objective contributes to consolidating its vision through its linkage with the components "Well-being with territorial justice" and "Rights for all people", which establish as a priority that people in poverty situations have access to means to build a life project with dignity. Likewise, it articulates with the component of "Facilitator and close Government", by driving financial services that respond in an agile and pertinent way to the conditions of the rural area and to the sociocultural diversity of its inhabitants.

With regard to the 100 Commitments for the Second Floor of Transformation, although rural financial inclusion is not explicitly mentioned in them, the objective is indirectly linked to various commitments related to well-being, food sovereignty and economic justice in the countryside. In particular, its contribution stands out to Commitment 18 "Recognition of rights and justice to indigenous peoples"; Commitments 33 "Mexico will be a technological and innovation power"; and 34 "Technological development program for national development" (FIRA can contribute through the use and exploitation of the Agritech Platform); Commitment 62 "Food sovereignty and fair price of tortilla"; Commitment 63 "Social security for agricultural wage earners and fishing"; Commitment 64 "Support for small and medium bean producers and creation of a national seed company"; and Commitment 65 "Harvesting Sovereignty Program". In all these cases, FIRA contributes through access to financing, technical assistance and guarantee mechanisms that allow producing people to access financing oriented towards improving their productivity, increasing their income and strengthening their well-being.

Finally, it stands out that this objective is based on the principles of Mexican Humanism by placing excluded groups at the center of public policy, promoting substantive equality, and understanding access to financing as a tool for integral development, social justice and the reconstruction of community fabric.

Given the above, the relevance of Objective 1 lies in its ability to articulate, from FIRA's institutional mandate, a comprehensive response to the structural challenges of financial exclusion in rural areas, in consonance with the NDP 2025-2030, the Mexico Plan, the 100 Commitments for the Second Floor of Transformation and PRONAFIDE 2025-2030.

6.2 Relevance of Objective 2

The second objective of FIRA's Institutional Program sets as a strategic priority stimulating productive investment in the agro-food, forestry and rural sector to drive growth and efficiency in value chains. This objective starts from the institutional diagnosis, in which various structural factors that limit the performance of rural economic units are identified: low levels of capitalization, limited technological adoption, scarce investment in business capabilities, weak articulation in value chains and scarce cooperation among territorial actors.

Faced with this scenario, FIRA proposes to promote financing schemes for investment projects, technical assistance and strengthening of productive and business capabilities, as well as to promote forms of organization and territorial articulation of producers. These actions seek to promote a structural transformation that increases the technical and economic efficiency of rural productive units and reduces the productivity and competitiveness gaps that the sector faces.

In this context, the objective is aligned with Axis General 3: Moral economy and work of the NDP 2025-2030, which promotes a more just, productive and sovereign national economy, reinforcing its alignment through direct contribution to the fulfillment of Objective 3.4 of the NDP 2025-2030, oriented towards strengthening food sovereignty as a right of the Mexican people. In particular, FIRA promotes the financing of investments that improve the productivity, technological modernization and sustainability of rural economic units, which strengthens national productive capacity in line with Strategy 3.4.1. Likewise, through schemes that promote transformation, added value and commercial articulation, FIRA contributes to Strategy 3.4.2, by improving the efficiency of markets and ensuring sufficient and accessible food supply. This comprehensive approach positions FIRA as a key agent to dynamize agro-food value chains and strengthen the country's economic development from its rural territories.

Likewise, the objective contributes to the fulfillment of the components of the Mexico Plan called "Fair economy and shared prosperity" and "Facilitator and close Government", by promoting productive inclusion, strategic financing and access to appropriate technologies from a perspective of territorial equity. In this framework, FIRA, as a second-tier development bank, promotes regional economic dynamization through the strengthening of local capacities, inclusive financing and technical accompaniment.

With regard to the 100 Commitments for the Second Floor of Transformation, Objective 2 articulates with various actions directed towards strengthening food sovereignty, economic justice in the countryside and the well-being of rural producers. It is linked particularly with Commitment 62 "Food sovereignty and fair price of tortilla", by facilitating financing for key productive activities in the corn chain, which allows advancing towards food sovereignty and a fair price for tortilla; with Commitment 63 "Social security for agricultural wage earners and fishing", through the strengthening of productive capabilities and access to financial services, which improve the working and economic conditions of agricultural wage earners and fishermen; and with Commitment 64 "Support for small and medium bean producers and creation of a national seed company", by facilitating access to credits and guarantees under preferential conditions to small and medium bean producers, strengthening their competitiveness. Likewise, it aligns with Commitment 65 "Harvesting Sovereignty Program", by promoting sustainable agroecological practices through technical assistance, accompaniment, financing and flexible schemes that consider the absence of traditional collateral or credit history; and with Commitment 67 "Special plan for Campeche and Tabasco to produce rice, milk and meat", through support for agro-food projects in Campeche and Tabasco, collaborating with the special plan to boost the production of rice, milk and meat in these entities and other regions.

It is important to highlight that this objective recognizes the dignity of the work of producers in the agro-food, forestry and rural sector, as well as the essential role played by agro-food production in collective well-being. By promoting development with equity, the strengthening of local capacities and the participation of women and groups in vulnerable situations, this objective boosts both productivity and a more equitable distribution of productive opportunities across the national territory. In this way, it aligns with the principles of Mexican Humanism, by placing people at the center of public policy and conceiving access to financing as a tool for integral well-being and transformation with social meaning.

Thus, the relevance of this Objective is based on its comprehensive approach to trigger productivity with equity, through the strengthening of local capacities, strategic investment and effective insertion into value chains. It is not just about improving the economic efficiency of the agro-food, forestry and rural sector, but about creating structural conditions that allow small-scale producers to fully exercise their right to development. In this sense, value chains, in addition to representing a mechanism for productive improvement, are also a way to distribute economic opportunities more equitably throughout the territory. Integrating historically excluded regions into formal and profitable productive processes contributes to reducing historical gaps and advancing towards substantive and territorial justice, understood as the guarantee that the place where a person is born or lives does not determine their possibilities of well-being and development. By articulating with the main instruments of national public policy, this objective consolidates itself as a catalyst of collective well-being, territorial cohesion and structural transformation of the sector agro-food, forestry and rural.

6.3 Relevance of Objective 3

The third objective of FIRA's Institutional Program 2025-2030 seeks to foster sustainable development in environmental and social matters in the agro-food, forestry and rural sector, and increase its adaptation and resilience to climate change.

This objective responds to what is stated in the institutional diagnosis, where it is recognized that the high environmental and climatic vulnerability of the primary sector represents a threat to its long-term viability. Soil degradation, overexploitation of water resources, low adoption of sustainable practices and the effects of climate change particularly affect small rural producers, who face greater risks and lower response capacities. FIRA can influence this problem through green financing, climate insurance schemes, technical assistance programs for the transition towards sustainable productive practices and mechanisms that promote the climate resilience of rural economic units.

In light of the above, this objective is aligned with Axis General 3: Moral Economy and Work of the NDP 2025-2030, especially with Objective 3.4, which promotes food sovereignty through an increase in national production under an agroecological approach. Through investments, guarantees and productive development services, FIRA promotes sustainable practices, a more rational use of natural resources and greater conservation of rural ecosystems. Likewise, it is linked to Objective 3.6, by supporting the agroecological transition of small and medium producers, fostering water efficiency in the production of crops, livestock and aquaculture, and supporting access to public goods and services in rural areas. From the environmental dimension, this objective also contributes to Axis General 4: Sustainable Development, particularly to Objective 4.3 and its Strategy 4.3.2, by promoting productive models that integrate criteria of mitigation, adaptation, environmental justice and territorial equity. With this, FIRA strengthens its role as a key agent in the construction of a resilient, just and environmentally responsible rural development.

Likewise, within the framework of the Mexico Plan, this objective is linked to the components "Food sovereignty and environmental justice" and "Fair economy and shared prosperity", by promoting the restoration of soils and water bodies, the community management of natural resources and the transformation of productive systems towards sustainable models in rural and peri-urban areas.

With regard to its contribution to the fulfillment of the 100 Commitments for the Second Floor of Transformation, the objective aligns with several of them that, although they do not explicitly mention the financial system, do open opportunities for financing projects with positive environmental impact. Among them are Commitment 92 (cleaning and sanitation of the three most polluted rivers in the country), Commitment 94 (circular economy in Tula, Hidalgo), Commitment 95 (construction of recycling plants for garbage), Commitment 96 (reforestation of forests and jungles) and Commitments 97 to 99, which address the ordering of water concessions, the technological modernization of 200 thousand hectares of irrigation and water recycling. These actions coincide with FIRA's efforts to finance infrastructure and projects with a lower environmental footprint and greater sustainability.

Finally, another of the aspects that supports the relevance of this objective is its alignment with the principles of Mexican Humanism, by understanding that the right to development must harmonize with the right to a healthy environment. In the words of this framework, the well-being of the people can only be consolidated with the care of the natural environment. Thus, sustainability is not a luxury, but a structural condition to guarantee food security, the continuity of rural ways of life and environmental and territorial justice.

For all the above, this objective consolidates its relevance by promoting a vision of rural development that is more just, resilient and environmentally responsible, in which FIRA, as a development bank, not only contributes to the strengthening of the productivity of the countryside, but also drives an orderly transition towards sustainable productive practices, respectful of ecological limits and that guarantee the rights of future generations.

6.4 Linkage of the objectives of the National Development Financing Program 2025-2030

The objectives defined in FIRA's Institutional Program for the 2025-2030 period are fully aligned with the strategies outlined in PRONAFIDE 2025-2030, particularly with that oriented towards boosting productive financing in strategic sectors, with the objective of achieving greater financial inclusion of the target population, taking into account the vulnerable groups.

Objectives of the Institutional Program

Objectives of PRONAFIDE 2025-2030

Strategies of PRONAFIDE 2025-2030

Objective 1. Expand financial inclusion in the sector agro-food, forestry and rural, with an emphasis on vulnerable groups seeking conditions for substantive equality.

Objective 6: Boost the development of a more inclusive, resilient and sustainable financial system, strengthening its stability, competition and legal framework, to expand equitable access to financial services, reduce structural gaps and improve financial health of the population.

Strategy 6.6: Boost financing in the sectors business; agricultural, rural, forestry, fishing and infrastructure, through credit and guarantee mechanisms and programs, with the purpose of achieving a greater financial inclusion of its target population, taking into account indigenous peoples and Afro-Mexicans.

Objective 2. Stimulate productive investment in the sector agro-food, forestry and rural, to drive growth and efficiency in value chains.

Objective 3. Foster sustainable development in environmental and social matters in the agro-food, forestry and rural sector, and increase its adaptation and resilience to climate change

In this way, FIRA's objectives articulate with national development financing policy, reaffirming its role as development bank in the construction of a more inclusive, efficient and oriented financial system towards social well-being.

6.5 Linkage with Agenda 2030 and SDGs

Agenda 2030, adopted by the UN in 2015, is the global framework that guides efforts to eradicate poverty, protect the planet and improve the well-being of all people. Through 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it promotes a balanced development in economic, social and environmental terms, guiding public policies, institutional action and international cooperation towards a more just, inclusive and sustainable future.

FIRA's Institutional Program 2025-2030 incorporates the principles of Agenda 2030 into its planning and operation, with contributions to at least twelve of the SDGs, which are detailed below:

· SDG 1. No Poverty, by boosting accessible financial services that allow small-scale producing people to invest in their activities and improve their income.

· SDG 2. Zero Hunger, through financing and technical assistance for sustainable agro-food production, with agroecological focus and emphasis on food sovereignty.

· SDG 5. Gender Equality, through affirmative actions and inclusive financing schemes for women producers, as well as the incorporation of a gender perspective in financial instruments and capacity development.

· SDG 6. Clean Water and Sanitation, promoting efficient water use in agricultural, livestock and aquaculture activities through appropriate technologies, financing schemes and technical assistance that allow improving water resource management, especially in regions with high pressure on this resource.

· SDG 7. Affordable and Clean Energy, fostering the adoption of clean technologies and renewable energy sources in agro-food productive processes, through financial and non-financial instruments that support the energy transition in rural areas.

· SDG 8. Decent Work and Economic Growth, by fostering productive investment in rural areas, generating jobs and improving the productivity of micro, small and medium economic units in the agro-food, forestry and rural sector.

· SDG 10. Reduced Inequalities, by promoting access to financing in traditionally excluded communities, such as indigenous peoples, Afro-Mexicans and rural youth, among others.

· SDG 12. Responsible Consumption and Production, by promoting sustainable productive practices, efficient use of

resources and the promotion of bio-inputs and clean technologies.

·

SDG 13. Climate Action, through climate financing, the strengthening of productive resilience, and the management of

agroclimatic risks.

·

SDG 14. Life Below Water, promoting the sustainable use of marine and coastal resources in the fisheries and

aquaculture sector, and contributing to the conservation of aquatic ecosystems and the well-being of communities that depend on

them.

·

SDG 15. Life on Land, supporting projects that promote the sustainable use of land, the conservation of

agrobiodiversity, and the restoration of rural ecosystems.

·

SDG 17. Partnerships for the Goals, by establishing collaboration schemes with its network of financial intermediaries,

as well as with strategic actors from the public and private sectors, international organizations, associations, producer organizations, and civil society, through which FIRA promotes sustainable and inclusive solutions that strengthen its institutional and territorial links, and expand the impact and coverage of its actions in the agro-food, forestry, and rural sector.

Through this alignment, FIRA reinforces its commitment to a fairer, more sustainable, and inclusive development in the agro-food, forestry, and rural sector it serves.

7. Strategies and lines of action

Objective 1. Expand financial inclusion in the agro-food, forestry, and rural sector, with emphasis on vulnerable groups, seeking conditions for substantive equality.

Strategy 1.1 Deepen and expand the development and promotion of specific financial products and services to adapt to the needs of producers, with emphasis on vulnerable groups.

Lines of action

1.1.1.- Identify and document specific needs regarding access to and use of financial services by producers, with emphasis on those corresponding to vulnerable groups, together with FIRA's Intermediary network.

1.1.2.- Design credit or guarantee products that address the general and specific needs of producers, with emphasis on vulnerable groups.

1.1.3.- Leverage financial products and services directed at producers, with emphasis on vulnerable groups, through the use of incentives available from the public or private sector.

1.1.4.- Incentivize the structuring of projects with institutional allies, such as multilateral entities or other development organizations, specialized in serving vulnerable groups, through collaboration agreements, knowledge transfer, and cooperation schemes.

1.1.5.- Promote the generation of databases that allow for a greater understanding of the profile and financial needs of producers, through information collection and analysis.

1.1.6.- Expand the dissemination through physical and digital channels of FIRA's and its intermediary network's credit offerings for the knowledge and better use by producers.

Strategy 1.2 Expand and strengthen channels to offer financial services to producers, particularly those with a greater vocation for serving small and micro producers.

Lines of action

1.2.1.- Promote that financial intermediaries improve their operational capacities to serve agro-food producing enterprises and individuals, with emphasis on SMEs, vulnerable groups, and women, using training, monitoring, support, and technical assistance.

1.2.2.- Design programs for gradual access to FIRA funding that allow strengthening the intermediary while maintaining operations.

1.2.3.- Maintain a dynamic network of intermediaries that facilitates the entry and exit of participants according to their relevance to FIRA's priority objectives, evaluating their performance and strategic alignment.

1.2.4.- Structure funding scaling mechanisms, attracting external and internal sources of credit strengthening.

1.2.5.- Facilitate for financial intermediaries the use of new Industry 4.0 technologies to reduce operational costs and expand the reach of their credit supervision, promoting direct access to providers of technologies and specialized platforms.

Strategy 1.3 Reduce barriers to credit access originated by information asymmetries regarding producers, offering and operating costs of credit, and the absence of collateral to expand financial inclusion.

Lines of action

1.3.1.- Facilitate for financial intermediaries access to and use of new Industry 4.0 technologies to reduce information barriers, through the provision of technical assistance, training, and introduction of technological tools.

1.3.2.- Enhance the design and use of guarantee products to effectively compensate for the lack of collateral for small and micro producer credit, through the development and/or adjustment of schemes and the promotion of these.

1.3.3.- Develop public information infrastructure and profiling of credit cases in the sector through the creation of specialized, interoperable, and accessible tools.

1.3.4.- Promote the use of digital technologies to develop and offer financial products and services in rural areas with scarce financial infrastructure.

1.3.5.- Develop and offer tools for comparing financial services for the field, promoting the creation of a consultation platform and the dissemination of information on financial products.

Strategy 1.4 Promote the adoption of risk management instruments, to mitigate them, ensuring their accessibility.

Lines of action

1.4.1.- Generate culture and awareness regarding the purpose and use of financial instruments for loss mitigation together with FIRA's Intermediary network, providing information.

1.4.2.- Expand channels for information, comparison, and acquisition of risk mitigation products through the development of consultation tools.

1.4.3.- Facilitate the timely purchase of loss mitigation instruments by providing flexibility in the timing and size of transactions.

1.4.4.- Foster the development of low-cost alternatives in risk mitigation products, promoting the creation of parametric financial instruments and technical assistance for their structuring.

1.4.5.- Design relief products for producing persons after the manifestation of risks that allow the continuity of their operations.

Strategy 1.5 Strengthen the capacities of producers to generate a stable and sufficient source of payment.

Lines of action

1.5.1.- Promote physical and digital extension programs for the strengthening of production with the support of FIRA's Technological Development Centers.

1.5.2.- Contribute to the training and formation of groups of female and male producers who integrate their production.

1.5.3.- Expand access to commercial environment information (volume, prices, marketing channels) for producing persons through the publication of reports, documents, or interactive dashboards.

1.5.4.- Strengthen the capacities of producers to access more and better markets, including the export market, through training, consulting, technical assistance, value-added development, market intelligence, promotion, and logistical optimization in marketing.

1.5.5.- Integrate female and male producers into supply schemes for products that represent a safe and stable market, promoting linkage with markets and providing technical assistance, fostering linkage with markets and providing technical assistance.

1.5.6.- Promote the certification of female and male producers in commercial matters and the sustainability of their products.

Strategy 1.6 Promote the adoption of social responsibility principles regarding producers to apply them both in production and in the access and use of financial services.

Lines of action

1.6.1.- Induce tractor companies to develop responsible supplier management regarding payment terms for acquired products, promoting the registration of information and the disclosure of best practices in fair payment.

1.6.2.- Validate, at least once a year, the methodologies for managing social and environmental risks to extend with FIRA's intermediary network a greater culture of social responsibility with end-users, through evaluation procedures and processes.

1.6.3.- Incentivize the intermediary network to disseminate courses on the management of financial services, both before and during their life cycle.

1.6.4.- Foster a minimum standard of transparency and protection for credit end-users as a condition for operating with financial services provided by FIRA, disseminating best practices and promoting the adherence of intermediaries to transparent service policies.

1.6.5.- Adopt and develop certification schemes in matters of offering financial services with social responsibility.

Objective 2. Stimulate productive investment in the agro-food, forestry, and rural sector, to drive growth and efficiency in value chains.

Strategy 2.1 Develop and/or expand the managerial, technical, and digital capacities of producers to improve decision-making in productive investment.

Lines of action

2.1.1.- Expand access channels to new digital technologies that reach the entire sector, with emphasis on small and micro producers (for example, Agritech Nexus).

2.1.2. Directly and indirectly influence the training of professionals related to the competitive, sustainable, and technologically advanced agro-food, forestry, and rural sector, through extension and training services with financial institutions and universities.

2.1.3. Foster the functioning of the market for providers of specialized services in the agro-food sector, through technology transfer and productive training in FIRA's target population.

Strategy 2.2 Design associativity schemes at all scales of size for female and male producers to strengthen, leverage, and provide greater resilience to their participants.

Lines of action

2.2.1 Strengthen the organization of producers and contract agriculture schemes (Parafinancieras, Supplier Development Program, Sharecropping Schemes) through specialized technical accompaniment.

2.2.2 Promote models of vertical integration between links in the productive chains of the agro-food sector through contract agriculture, supplier development, sharecropping, and alliances with agro-industry, to improve articulation, access to inputs, markets, and value distribution.

2.2.3.- Extend FIRA's capacities to provide technical services to producers, through a network of external expert, competent, and agilely available providers.

Strategy 2.3 Promote productive decentralization and market diversification to increase productivity.

Lines of action

2.3.1.- Promote financing for reconversion towards crops with higher productivity per unit of water, focusing on areas with water stress and in food production.

2.3.2.- Diagnose zones and crops that, due to their current mode of production, require greater diversification in production through technical studies and market analysis at the regional level.

2.3.3.- Prioritize the increase in financing for productive assets and infrastructure in value chains and regions with lower development and penetration of production.

2.3.4.- Open marketing channels in the export market, to give access to the production of smaller-scale producers through financing, specialized advice, promotion, and linkage with international buyers.

2.3.5.- Promote rural agro-industry and local value addition through access to financing for processing infrastructure, technical assistance, and training in producing communities.

Strategy 2.4 Incentivize investment in post-harvest infrastructure such as storage, processing, and transport, to raise quality and add value to foods.

Lines of action

2.4.1.- Promote mechanisms for mitigating financial risks and shared investment mechanisms with federal entities to incentivize investment in post-harvest handling infrastructure.

2.4.2.- Foster financing for storage infrastructure and cold networks to raise food quality through credit programs for post-harvest handling and transportation logistics.

2.4.3.- Promote financing to agro-industry in infrastructure and equipment for the processing and value addition of agro-food products.

Strategy 2.5 Reinforce the quality, traceability, and disclosure of relevant information from the production of agro-food value networks to potentiate better decision-making and provide greater security in production and marketing.

Lines of action

2.5.1.- Disseminate sectoral information to support decision-making in aspects of production and market, for members of agro-food value networks through digital platforms, bulletins, reports, workshops, and credit fairs, among others.

2.5.2.- Invest in the generation of sectoral intelligence based on cutting-edge technologies (for example, remote sensing) that geographically cover the value networks of the primary sector.

2.5.3.- Invest in traceability technologies that constitute a public good and allow providing producers with greater quality, resilience, and market reach.

2.5.4.- Identify relevant quality certifications in deep markets and facilitate transfer to female and male producers.

Objective 3. Promote sustainable development in environmental and social matters in the agro-food, forestry, and rural sector and increase its adaptation and resilience to climate change.

Strategy 3.1 Promote sustainable financing strategies that integrate environmental and social criteria to contribute to the transition towards sustainability.

Lines of action

3.1.1.- Establish and maintain financial schemes that contribute to the transition towards sustainability of the agro-food, forestry, and rural sector and address the risks and opportunities of climate change.

3.1.2.- Strengthen alliances with multilateral organizations for funding with a climate and/or sustainability focus.

3.1.3.- Involve investors, stakeholders, and financial agents in the promotion of financing for sustainable activities and adaptation and resilience to climate change through thematic debt issuances, financing with OFIS, and dissemination of ESG information.

3.1.4.- Design incentive schemes for producers or their associations that encourage them to adopt sustainable practices.

Strategy 3.2 Develop methodologies for measuring socio-environmental impact in agricultural and financial projects.

Lines of action

3.2.1.- Update and implement institutional policies for socio-environmental risk assessment, aligned with international standards.

3.2.2.- Design mechanisms to evaluate and mitigate socio-environmental risks in the financing network for the agro-food, forestry, and rural sector.

3.2.3.- Establish equivalences between the financing of agricultural projects and their impact on the environment, in order to facilitate the measurement of impact by financial institutions supporting the sector, through the development of parametric estimates and the application of methodologies.

Strategy 3.3 Facilitate access to information on sustainable agricultural practices, low environmental impact technologies, and business models resilient to climate change to foster sustainable development.

Lines of action

3.3.1.- Strengthen the extension model incorporating a sustainability, gender, interculturality, and rural youth participation approach, among others.

3.3.2.- Generate alliances with research centers and national and international organizations to adapt and disseminate climate-resilient production models.

3.3.3.- Promote knowledge exchange networks among producers and peer learning through training and social networks.

3.4.4.- Foster regenerative soil practices including the use of bio-inputs and reduction of agrochemicals, among others, through support, financial incentives, technical assistance, or demonstrative events.

3.4.5.- Foster sustainable management practices and low-carbon technologies in livestock through technical assistance, financial incentives, information, and training.

Strategy 3.4 Promote the standardization of concepts in the field of sustainable production in the agro-food sector to potentiate institutional investment, ensuring that criteria incorporate both environmental and social aspects.

Lines of action

3.4.1.- Foster among financial intermediaries the use of taxonomies in their origination, evaluation, and monitoring processes of financeable projects with ESG criteria, promoting the incorporation of social dimensions such as gender equity and attention to historically excluded populations.

3.4.2.- Foster the progressive adoption of the Mexican Sustainable Taxonomy (TSM) in the agro-food sector, among guilds, business organizations, and financial entities operating in key productive chains.

3.4.3.- Design financial products and participation schemes that incentivize financial intermediaries and investors to channel resources towards sustainable projects that generate social and environmental co-benefits.

Strategy 3.5 Disseminate information on the risks of the new climate environment to foster investment in concepts that promote adaptation and resilience.

Line of action

3.5.1.- Develop a territorial climate information system and agroclimatic risk maps that identify areas and value chains with high exposure to extreme phenomena, and integrate social variables that allow focusing interventions on populations with greater adaptive capacity.

3.5.2.- Promote financial instruments that integrate climate risk management, such as parametric insurance, climate coverage, contingency funds, and financing products with differentiated conditions for resilient activities, among others.

3.5.3.- Identify value chains where it is viable to implement financing actions for nature-based solutions and adaptation technologies, including agroforestry, efficient water management, soil restoration, and conservation of agrobiodiversity, with a focus on priority zones, among others.

3.5.4.- Elaborate and disseminate didactic materials with an inclusive and territorial approach, adapted to the socio-productive characteristics of producers most exposed to climate change, to sensitize about the importance of adaptation and facilitate their access to practical solutions.

Additionally, this Program considers the following cross-cutting strategy:

Cross-cutting Strategy: Promote technological and digital innovation as a tool to strengthen financial inclusion, productivity, and sustainability, with emphasis on smaller-scale producers.

Line of action

AT1. Establish a meeting point between the public, private, and academic sectors to trigger the development, validation, and adoption of technological solutions and innovations applied to the agro-food sector, articulating collaboration spaces and technology tests in productive environments.

AT2. Generate public goods that strengthen innovation ecosystems, such as databases, digital tools, analytical models, and open solutions for collective use.

AT3. Develop technological solutions oriented towards agro-food and forestry financing, such as income estimators, risk assessment tools, and platforms that improve decision-making.

AT4. Promote technology transfer and data use through training schemes, technical accompaniment, and dissemination of best practices, to expand the reach and adoption of innovations in territories.

8. Indicators and targets

The FIRA Institutional Program 2025-2030 establishes the strategic route to achieve its priority objectives. The indicators of

this program constitute the essential metrics to measure the achievement of said objectives by the end of the administration. Each objective

counts with at least one strategic indicator, and all focus on quantifying the performance of FIRA's actions. In this sense, and

in alignment with the guidelines for Development Banking, the indicator regarding the number of final accredited clients (Indicator 1) aspires to

an average annual growth of 5%, while the total balance indicator (Indicator 2) seeks an average nominal growth of

6.5% annually. This orients institutional effort towards its compliance and collaboration with national guidelines for 2030.

To address the identified problems with greater precision, the Program incorporates sub-indicators. These sub-indicators arise

from the detailed analysis carried out in section 5, where relevant gaps and lags between populations or territories were identified. The

sub-indicators will allow monitoring in a specific way the performance of FIRA's actions in the reduction of these identified gaps.

Objective

No.

Indicator

Sub-indicators (Subset of the indicator)

1. • Expand financial

inclusion in the

agro-food, forestry, and

rural sector, with emphasis on

vulnerable groups

seeking conditions for

substantive equality

1.1

Total number of accredited,

by flow*.

Family and Microenterprise (E1+E2)*

Microcredit (E1+E2)*

Small (E3)*

Medium (E4)*

Large (E5)*

New

Youth 1

Women

In indigenous and Afro-Mexican municipalities 2

2. • Stimulate productive

investment in the

agro-food, forestry, and

rural sector, to drive

growth and efficiency in the

value chains

2.1

Credit balance Direct and

driven to the Private Sector*

Family and Microenterprise (E1+E2)*

Microcredit (E1+E2)*

Small (E3)*

Medium (E4)*

Large (E5)*

Balance for the expansion and modernization of infrastructure.

3. • Promote sustainable

development in matters

of environmental and social

in the

agro-food, forestry, and

rural sector and increase its

adaptation and resilience to

climate change

3.1

Balance in

sustainable projects 3

Balance in projects supporting integrated water management.

Balance in projects contributing to CO2e reduction.

Balance in sustainable projects in municipalities with high and very high marginalization.

3.2

Balance in projects that

contribute to adaptation and

climate change resilience 4

Balance in adaptation and climate change resilience in municipalities vulnerable to

climate change 5

*Refers to operations through private sector financial intermediaries.

1 Includes young people (15 to 24 years) and young adults (25 to 44 years), CONAPO.

2

Afro-Mexicans 15 municipalities, indigenous 631 municipalities, excluding.

3 Balances are considered when they involve any of the eligible investment concepts defined in FIRA's Sustainable Projects Taxonomy.

4 Balances are considered when they involve any of the eligible investment concepts in FIRA's Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience Taxonomy.

5 "Third level" municipalities according to the National Atlas of Climate Change Vulnerability.

Indicator

1.1

INDICATOR ELEMENTS

Name

Total number of accredited persons, by flow

Objective

Objective 1. Expand financial inclusion in the agro-food, forestry, and rural sectors, with emphasis on vulnerable groups, seeking conditions for substantive equality.

Definition or description

Measures the number of final accredited persons of the private sector institution.

Associated right

Not applicable.

Level of disaggregation

National.

By stratum1 (family + microenterprise,

microcredit, small, medium and large),

New, Young, Women and In municipalities

indigenous + Afro-Mexican.

Periodicity or frequency of measurement

Annual

Accumulated or periodic

Periodic.

Information availability

In the second half of April of the following

year.

Unit of measure

Natural and legal persons.

Data collection period

January to December.

Expected trend

Ascending.

Unit responsible for reporting progress

Deputy General Directorate of Finance.

Calculation method

Number of accredited persons, total by flow in year n = Total of final accredited persons2 attended through private sector financial intermediaries, without repetition in year n.

Observations

1 Corresponds to operations through private sector financial intermediaries.

2 Final accredited person is defined as the accredited persons in individual operations, plus the fully identified active partners in operations involving the transfer of credit or guarantee service without funding (credits through Parafinancials, Credit Unions, SOFIPOS, SOCAP, etc.). These accredited persons are fully identified in FIRA systems, without repetition, with first and last names for natural persons and corporate name for legal persons. Shareholders, associates, etc. of legal persons, who are registered in FIRA systems as active partners but do not receive credit, are not considered final accredited persons.

APPLICATION OF THE CALCULATION METHOD TO OBTAIN THE BASELINE

The baseline must correspond to a definitive value for the 2024 cycle or prior, it cannot be a preliminary or estimated value.

Variable name 1

Total of final accredited persons

attended through the

private sector financial intermediaries,

without repetition in

Variable value

1

2,162,284

Information source

variable 1

FIRA IT systems

(EBIS-SIIOF)

Substitution in calculation method

Total number of accredited persons by flow in 2024 = 2,162,284

BASELINE VALUE

Baseline

Note on the baseline

Value

2 , 162,284

Year

2024

2030 Target

Note on the 2030 target

2,897,960

An average growth of 5% is considered for each fiscal year.

HISTORICAL SERIES OF THE INDICATOR

Values must be recorded according to the frequency of measurement of the indicator.

You can register NA (Not applicable) and ND (Not available) when appropriate.

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

1,663,594

1,699,338

2,231,055

2,659,102

2,396,253

2,344,417

2,162,284

TARGETS

You can register NA when no target applies for that year, according to the frequency of measurement.

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

2,270,625

2,384,160

2,503,36 5

2,628,535

2,759,960

2,897,960

Indicator 2.1

INDICATOR ELEMENTS

Name

Direct and Promoted Credit Balance to the Private Sector

Objective

Objective 2. Stimulate productive investment in the agro-food, forestry, and rural sectors, to promote growth and efficiency in value chains.

Definition or description

Measures the total balance of funded and/or guaranteed portfolio by the institution through the private sector.

Associated right

Not applicable.

Level of disaggregation

National

By stratum1 (family + microenterprise,

microcredit, small, medium and large) and

Balance for the expansion and modernization of

infrastructure.

Periodicity or

frequency of measurement

Annual

Accumulated or periodic

Periodic.

Information availability

February of the following year.

Unit of measure

Millions of pesos.

Data collection period

January to December.

Expected trend

Ascending.

Unit responsible for

reporting progress

Deputy General Directorate of Finance.

Calculation method

Direct and Promoted Credit Balance to the Private Sector 1 in year n = Balance of funded portfolio with FIRA resources (balance of discount portfolio) in year n + Balance of portfolio funded by financial intermediaries with FIRA guarantee (balance of guarantee without funding) in year n + Balance of paid guarantees (FEGA, other funds and FONAGA) of the private sector.

Observations

1 Corresponds to operations through private sector financial intermediaries.

APPLICATION OF THE CALCULATION METHOD TO OBTAIN THE BASELINE

The baseline must correspond to a definitive value for the 2024 cycle or prior, it cannot be a preliminary or estimated value.

Variable name 1

Portfolio funded with FIRA resources

in 2024.

Variable value

1

174,734

Information source

variable 1

FIRA IT systems

(EBIS-SIIOF)

Variable name 2

Portfolio funded by

financial intermediaries with

FIRA guarantees in 2024.

Variable value

2

82,467

Information source

variable 2

FIRA IT systems

(EBIS-SIIOF)

Variable name 3

Balance of paid guarantees

in 2024.

Variable value

3

5,213

Information source

variable 3

FIRA IT systems

(EBIS-SIIOF)

Substitution in calculation method

Total Credit Balance in 2024 = 174,734 + 82,467 + 5,213 = 262,414

BASELINE VALUE

Baseline

Note on the baseline

Value

262,414

Year

2024

2030 Target

Note on the 2030 target

384,000

HISTORICAL SERIES OF THE INDICATOR

Values must be recorded according to the frequency of measurement of the indicator.

You can register NA (Not applicable) and ND (Not available) when appropriate.

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

189,308

201,172

220,256

227,082

230,813

236,089

262,414

TARGETS

You can register NA when no target applies for that year, according to the frequency of measurement.

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

280,000

298,000

318,000

338,000

360,000

384,000

Indicator 3.1

INDICATOR ELEMENTS

Name

Balance in sustainable projects

Objective

Objective 3. Promote sustainable development in environmental and social matters in the agro-food, forestry, and rural sectors and increase adaptation and resilience to climate change.

Definition or description

Measures the balance of funded and/or guaranteed portfolio by the institution to sustainable projects.

Associated right

Right to a healthy environment for development and well-being (indirectly).

Level of disaggregation

National.

Balance in projects supporting integrated

water management, Balance in projects that

contribute to CO2e reduction and Balance

in sustainable projects in municipalities with

high and very high marginalization.

Periodicity or frequency of measurement

Annual

Accumulated or periodic

Periodic.

Information availability

February of the following year.

Unit of measure

Millions of pesos.

Data collection period

January to December.

Expected trend

Ascending.

Unit responsible for reporting

progress

Deputy General Directorate of Finance.

Calculation method

Balance in sustainable projects 1 in year n = Balance of funded portfolio with FIRA resources in sustainable projects in year n + Balance of guarantee without funding in sustainable projects in year n + Balance of paid guarantees (FEGA, FONAGA and other funds) in sustainable projects in year n.

Observations

1

Credits granted to projects developed in FIRA's area of attention and benefiting the environment in areas such as sustainable management of natural resources and land use, sustainable agriculture and livestock farming, renewable energies, energy efficiency, efficient and resilient management of water and wastewater, sustainable fishing and responsible aquaculture are considered; these activities are considered when they involve any of the eligible investment concepts defined in FIRA's Sustainable Projects Taxonomy.

APPLICATION OF THE CALCULATION METHOD TO OBTAIN THE BASELINE

The baseline must correspond to a definitive value for the 2024 cycle or prior, it cannot be a preliminary or estimated value.

Variable name 1

Balance of the portfolio funded with

FIRA resources in projects

sustainable in the year 2024.

Variable value

1

16,820

Information source

variable

1

FIRA IT systems

(EBIS-SIIOF)

Variable name 2

Balance of guarantee without funding in

sustainable projects in the year

Variable value

2

7,608

Information source

variable

2

FIRA IT systems

(EBIS-SIIOF)

Variable name 3

Balance of paid guarantees in

sustainable projects in the year

Variable value

3

357

Information source

variable

3

FIRA IT systems

(EBIS-SIIOF)

Substitution in calculation method

Balance in sustainable projects in the year = 16,820 + 7,608 + 357 = 24,785

BASELINE VALUE

Baseline

Note on the baseline

Value

24,785

Year

2024

2030 Target

Note on the 2030 target

36,500

An average growth of 6.5% is considered for each fiscal year.

HISTORICAL SERIES OF THE INDICATOR

Values must be recorded according to the frequency of measurement of the indicator.

You can register NA (Not applicable) and ND (Not available) when appropriate.

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

8,454

8,677

9,447

14,247

16,876

19,927

24,785

TARGETS

You can register NA when no target applies for that year, according to the frequency of measurement.

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

26,400

28,200

30,100

32,100

34,200

36,500

Indicator 3.2

INDICATOR ELEMENTS

Name

Balance in projects contributing to adaptation and resilience to climate change

Objective

Objective 3. Promote sustainable development in environmental and social matters in the agro-food, forestry, and rural sectors and

increase adaptation and resilience to climate change.

Definition or description

Measures the balance of funded and/or guaranteed portfolio by the institution to projects contributing to adaptation and resilience to climate change in municipalities vulnerable to climate change defined by INECC.

Associated right

Not applicable.

Level of disaggregation

National.

Balance in adaptation and resilience to climate change

in municipalities vulnerable to climate change.

Periodicity or frequency of

measurement

Annual

Accumulated or periodic

Periodic.

Information availability

February of the following year.

Unit of measure

Millions of pesos.

Data collection period

January to December.

Expected trend

Ascending.

Unit responsible for reporting

progress

Deputy General Directorate of Finance.

Calculation method

Balance in projects contributing to adaptation and resilience to climate change 1 in year n = Balance of funded portfolio with FIRA resources in projects contributing to adaptation and resilience to climate change in year n + Balance of guarantee without funding in projects contributing to adaptation and resilience to climate change in year n + Balance of paid guarantees (FEGA, FONAGA and other funds) in projects contributing to adaptation and resilience to climate change in year n.

Observations

1

Credits granted to projects that improve adaptation and/or resilience capacity to climate change in municipalities vulnerable to climate change defined by INECC are considered; these activities are considered when they involve any of the eligible investment concepts in FIRA's Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience Taxonomy.

APPLICATION OF THE CALCULATION METHOD TO OBTAIN THE BASELINE

The baseline must correspond to a definitive value for the 2024 cycle or prior, it cannot be a preliminary or estimated value.

Variable name 1

Portfolio funded with FIRA resources in

projects contributing to the

adaptation and resilience to climate

change in the year 2024.

Variable value

1

57,647

Information source

variable

1

FIRA IT systems

(EBIS-SIIOF)

Variable name 2

Balance of guarantee without funding in

projects contributing to the

adaptation and resilience to climate

change in the year 2024.

Variable value

2

34,210

Information source

variable

2

FIRA IT systems

(EBIS-SIIOF)

Variable name 3

Balance of paid guarantees in

projects contributing to the

adaptation and resilience to climate

change in the year 2024.

Variable value

3

1,358

Information source

variable

3

FIRA IT systems

(EBIS-SIIOF)

Substitution in calculation method

Balance in projects contributing to adaptation and resilience to climate change in 2024 = 57,647 + 34,210 + 1,358 = 93,215

BASELINE VALUE

Baseline

Note on the baseline

Value

93,215

Year

2024

2030 Target

Note on the 2030 target

136,100

An average growth of 6.5% is considered for each fiscal year.

HISTORICAL SERIES OF THE INDICATOR

Values must be recorded according to the frequency of measurement of the indicator.

You can register NA (Not applicable) and ND (Not available) when appropriate.

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

84,349

93,215

TARGETS

You can register NA when no target applies for that year, according to the frequency of measurement.

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

99,300

105,800

112,700

120,000

127,800

136,100

9. Annex Glossary

Accredited: Natural or legal person who receives a loan or credit.

Final Accredited: Natural or legal person who receives financing with FIRA resources (funding and/or guarantee service), directly from Financial Intermediaries or through a company that receives and distributes financing (Parafinancial Companies and Financial Entities).

Economic Activity: Set of actions whose purpose is the production, transformation, distribution and consumption of goods and services generated to satisfy the social needs and exchange of a region or Country.

Primary Activity: That activity which is linked to the exploitation of natural resources or which requires them for its development and which through the process of exploitation of said resources obtains products for direct use or raw materials for the agroindustry.

Marketing: Activity carried out by a company, through which it sells inputs or products directly to the open market. It does not imply transformation of the acquired product.

Credit: Transfer of goods made at a given moment by one person to another, to be returned in the future, within a specified period and generally with the payment of an amount for its use.

Criteria: Criteria for drafting, reviewing, approving and monitoring programs derived from the National Development Plan 2025-2030.

Discount: Financial support through which FIRA grants credit resources to Financial Intermediaries, based on the endorsement of ownership in favor of the Bank of Mexico, in its capacity as Trustee in the Trusts that make up FIRA, of the credit titles subscribed by the accredited persons in favor of the Financial Intermediary.

EBIS:

Corresponds to the institutional information exploitation and consultation system.

Parafinancial Company: Natural or legal persons from the private sector who, without being financial entities recognized by legislation, can grant financing to partners and/or clients with resources they receive from Financial Intermediaries; these are generally agroindustries, marketers, collectors, producer organizations and distributors of inputs, services or capital goods.

Trust: Contract through which a natural or legal person transfers ownership of part of their assets to a trust institution, so that with them a lawful purpose is carried out, which the person themselves indicates in the respective contract.

Financing: Any act or contract that implies the realization of an active, direct or contingent operation, through the granting, rescheduling or restructuring, renewal or modification of any loan or credit.

Rural Financing: Credit support granted for projects in rural population centers with fewer than 50,000 inhabitants, for investments in any economic activity that promote job generation and economic recovery.

Funding: Refers to the financing, in the form of loan or discount, that FIRA grants to the Financial Intermediaries with which it operates directly.

Guarantee Fund: Trust constituted with the object of guaranteeing the recovery of credits granted to accredited persons. These trusts are integrated by resources contributed by accredited persons, Federal, State and/or Municipal Government, suppliers and/or marketers, among others.

Guide: Guide for the drafting of programs derived from the National Development Plan 2025-2030.

FI:

These are all Non-Bank Intermediaries that can carry out loan and discount operations with FIRA, to grant credit to their clients or accredited persons; currently they are: SOFOMES, SOFIPOS, Savings and Loan Cooperative Societies, Credit Unions and General Warehouses.

Policy: General and mandatory guideline that orients the actions to be followed by the areas and/or persons participating in the operation of a process.

Project: Financing needs that a credit subject has in a productive cycle to carry out its productive activity.

Sustainable Projects: Initiatives that are developed in the rural environment or in companies in the target segment of FIRA's attention and that, while considering the dimensions of economic, environmental and social viability in their activities, specifically address one or more of the following areas: causes and effects of climate change, conservation and rational use of natural resources, development of renewable energy sources, efficient use of water and energy and development and implementation of models for financing projects in support of vulnerable groups or disadvantaged communities (base of the pyramid).

Agro-food Sector: Refers to primary, transformation, marketing and services activities of the agricultural and fishing sectors.

SIIOF: Corresponds to the institution's transactional system.

Cooperative Societies: Are the societies authorized and constituted in accordance with article 38 of the Popular Savings and Credit Law.

SOFIPOS: Are the societies whose object is to carry out savings and loan operations and operate in accordance with the General Law of Commercial Societies, authorized to operate by the National Banking and Securities Commission (CNBV), in accordance with the Popular Savings and Credit Law (LACP).

SOFOMES: Are the societies authorized and/or constituted in accordance with article 87 B of the General Law of Organizations and Auxiliary Credit Activities (LGOAAC).

Credit Unions: Are the societies authorized and constituted in accordance with the Credit Unions Law.

Mexico City, September 17, 2025.- Trusts Established in Relation to Agriculture:

General Director, Dr. Jesús

Alan Elizondo Flores.- Signature.

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