2021-07-20 | DOF 5624314Added · Updated
The CNBV amends Articles 1 and 2 Bis 17 of the General Provisions applicable to Credit Institutions to establish specific risk weightings for retail consumer credits, residential mortgage credits, and micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) credits. The resolution introduces tiered risk weights for residential mortgages based on the Loan-to-Value ratio (ranging from 20% to 70%) and sets fixed risk weights of 75% for qualifying consumer credits and 75-85% for qualifying MSME credits. These changes take effect on September 1, 2021, with transitional provisions allowing early implementation and grandfathering for existing credit portfolios and restructurings under specific conditions.
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DOF: 20/07/2021
RESOLUTION modifying the general provisions applicable to Credit Institutions
At the margin, a seal with the National Coat of Arms, which reads: United Mexican States.- TREASURY.- Ministry of
Treasury and Public Credit.- National Banking and Securities Commission.
The National Banking and Securities Commission, with prior agreement of its Board of Directors, and based on
the provisions of articles 50 and 98 Bis of the Credit Institutions Law, as well as 4, fractions
XXXVI and XXXVIII and 16, fractions I and VI of the National Banking and Securities Commission Law, having
the prior opinion of the Bank of Mexico, and
CONSIDERING
That, in order to maintain a capital framework for the Mexican financial system aligned with
international prudential standards in credit risk for credit institutions,
issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, of which Mexico is a member, which contributes to
improving the solidity and stability of the banking system, and
That, in order for credit institutions to continue with the flow of financing and driving
the country's economic activity in an environment with unfavorable conditions, both national and
international, it is necessary that the risk of unexpected losses incurred by these entities when granting consumer credits, credits to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and
housing mortgage credits be adequately reflected; given the above, it is essential to adjust the regulation so that
credit institutions can classify their operations subject to credit risk considering these types
of financing; has resolved to issue the following:
RESOLUTION MODIFYING THE GENERAL PROVISIONS
APPLICABLE TO
CREDIT INSTITUTIONS
SINGLE. Articles 1, fraction CXCIII and 2 Bis 17 of the "General Provisions
applicable to credit institutions", published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on December 2,
2005 and last modified on June 18, 2021, are REFORMED, to read as follows:
" Article 1.-
. . .
I. to CXCII.
. . .
CXCIII.
Value of the Home: to the appraisal value of the home known at the time of origination
of the credit. This value may be updated by carrying out an appraisal that complies
with what is established in Title Five, Chapter IV of these provisions, in
matters of provision of banking appraisal services.
CXCIV. to CXCVII.
. . . "
" Article 2 Bis 17.- Group VI shall be composed of the following Operations:
I.
Consumer credits.
Consumer credits that meet the following criteria may be considered as
retail credits for purposes of the capital requirement for credit risk in accordance with the
present article:
a)
Product criterion.
Institutions shall consider Operations whose risk is related to
direct credits, denominated in national currency, foreign currency or in UDIs, as well as the
interests they generate, granted to individuals, individuals with business
activity or legal entities, arising from credit card operations, from
personal loans, for the acquisition of durable consumer goods and the
financial leasing operations that are entered into with the aforementioned persons,
including those credits granted for such purposes to former employees
of the Institutions.
b)
Concentration criterion.
Institutions shall consider Operations whose risk is aggregated
against the same counterparty and such Operations do not exceed 1 percent of the total
of the retail portfolio.
c)
Value of individual positions.
Institutions shall consider Operations whose aggregated risk against a
same counterparty does not exceed an amount equivalent in national currency to 4 million
UDIs, or in cases where the borrower demonstrates Net Income or Net Sales
annual less than the equivalent in national currency to 14 million UDIs.
To determine the aggregated risk referred to in this subsection c), the
value of the UDI on the date for which the capital calculation is performed shall be used,
considering for this purpose its equivalence in national currency published by the Bank of
Mexico in the Official Gazette of the Federation.
To determine if the Net Income or Net Annual Sales of the borrower are less than
the threshold indicated, Institutions shall use the value of the UDI on the date that
corresponds to the annual financial statement of the borrower whose figures shall not have an
age greater than 18 months at the time of determining the value of the UDI, or may
use the annual tax return of the borrower, whose figures shall not have an
age greater than 18 months at the time of determining the value of the UDI.
The credits included in this fraction I shall have a credit risk weight of
75 percent, including the so-called microcredits included in the
Consumer Credit Portfolio, which must be identified and presented in a separate item.
Notwithstanding, in the case of Operations Subject to Credit Risk with or on behalf of
legal entities, or individuals with business activity, whose amount is included in subsection c) above
and which have a Credit Rating assigned by any of the Rating
Institutions to the issuer or counterparty in question, the risk weight shall be determined in accordance with
Group VII-A referred to in Article 2 Bis 18 of these provisions.
II.
Housing mortgage credits granted by credit institutions, or those granted by
these in co-financing schemes with Housing Promotion Agencies, or under
any program of said agencies.
Housing mortgage credits that meet the product criterion established below and whose risk materializes in any of the following forms: direct credits
denominated in any currency, as well as the interest they generate, granted to
individuals and intended for the acquisition of land for the construction
of housing, for the acquisition, construction, self-production, remodeling or improvement of housing without commercial speculation purpose, as well as liquidity credits guaranteed by the borrower's housing, including those credits granted for such purposes to
employees and former employees of the Institutions.
Housing mortgage credits granted at a fixed rate, or at a variable rate that is
subject to a maximum rate, and depending on the percentage of the ratio of the outstanding balance of the
credit to the value of the home, known as the LTV Ratio (Razón CVV), shall have a credit risk weight in accordance with the following:
a)
20 percent credit risk weight, when the percentage of the LTV Ratio
is less than or equal to 50 percent.
b)
25 percent credit risk weight, when the percentage of the LTV Ratio
is greater than 50 percent, but less than or equal to 60 percent.
c)
30 percent credit risk weight, when the percentage of the LTV Ratio
is greater than 60 percent, but less than or equal to 80 percent.
d)
40 percent credit risk weight, when the percentage of the LTV Ratio
is greater than 80 percent, but less than or equal to 90 percent.
e)
50 percent credit risk weight, when the percentage of the LTV Ratio
is greater than 90 percent, but less than or equal to 100 percent.
f)
70 percent credit risk weight in the case of credits whose LTV Ratio
is greater than 100 percent, or if said ratio is less than 100 percent, the credits are not
granted at a fixed rate, or have a variable rate that is not subject to
a maximum rate.
The credits referred to in subsections a) to f) above shall amortize the principal from the
origination of the credit and shall not provide for interest capitalization.
If any of the conditions provided for in the second and third paragraphs of the
present fraction II are not met, the credit risk weight for the credits described in subsections
a) to f) above shall be 70 percent.
The credits included in subsections a) to f) of this fraction shall be subject to
recognition of admissible real and personal guarantees in accordance with Section E Credit Risk Coverage of the Second Section of Title First Bis of these provisions.
For this purpose, Institutions may recognize the effect of risk mitigation techniques when calculating the amount of their exposure; however, the LTV Ratio band and the risk weight that
applies to the amount of exposure must be determined before the application of the
corresponding credit risk mitigation technique.
When Home Credit Insurance is used as a risk mitigation technique, it must:
Be provided by an insurance institution that has, on the date of the capitalization calculation,
an investment grade rating or higher issued by, at least, one
Rating Institution.
Allow the beneficiary Institution to exercise said insurance unconditionally within the timeframes
marked in the coverage contract, or in the master policy.
Comply with the requirements established in fraction III of Annex 25 of these
provisions.
In no case shall Home Credit Insurance be recognized as a guarantee if the Institution
that grants the insurance belongs to the same financial group as the beneficiary Institution and, nor shall it be recognized
when the credits referred to in subsections a) to f) of this present fraction II are restructured
without the express authorization of the Institution granting the Home Credit Insurance or the guarantee.
Institutions, regarding the valuation of the real estate guarantee recognized in the
LTV Ratio, shall observe, at all times, what is established in Annex 24 of these
provisions.
In their case, the percentages of the LTV Ratio mentioned in subsections a) to f) above,
must have been met on the date of the deed of the credit; however, said percentages
may be adjusted at the time of calculating the capital requirements, considering the
reduction of the credit balance amount as it is amortized.
Housing Mortgage Credits intended for the remodeling or improvement of housing
without commercial speculation purpose, granted under the authority of article 43 Bis of the Law of the
National Institute for Workers' Housing Fund and of article 176 of the Law of the
Institute for Social Security and Social Services of State Workers, in which the housing sub-account
of the borrower and its future contributions serve as guarantee and source of payment,
respectively, shall have a credit risk weight in accordance with the following:
20 percent, when the outstanding balance of the credit represents 50 percent or less of
the sum of the resources of the borrower's housing sub-account.
30 percent, when the outstanding balance of the credit represents more than 50 percent and
less than 80 percent of the sum of the resources of the borrower's housing sub-account.
For the application of these weights, the contributions to the borrower's housing sub-account
and its future contributions must be available without any legal restriction for the
Institution in the event of default by the borrower, as well as be free of any other
encumbrance; in addition, no other person may dispose of the resources while the credit obligation subsists. If these conditions are not met, the credit risk weight for these credits shall be 70 percent.
III.
Portfolios of Housing Mortgage Credits intended for the remodeling or improvement
of housing that maintain similar characteristics among themselves, that can be located in the
subsections a) to f) of the previous fraction II and that have the guarantee granted by any institution
of development banking that has an express guarantee of the Federal Government or of a public
trust constituted for economic promotion under First Loss Coverage Schemes,
provided that such guarantee complies with what is stated in Article 2 Bis 39 of these provisions,
shall calculate their capital requirement for credit risk in accordance with the procedure
indicated in subsections a) to c) below:
a)
They shall calculate the capital requirements for each credit in the portfolio in accordance with what
is established in subsections a) to f) of the previous fraction II. Once the capital requirement
for each of the credits is obtained, these must be summed to obtain a total amount
of the portfolio's capital requirements before the recognition of the First Loss Coverage Scheme (RK_Portafolio ARC).
b)
They shall calculate the amount of reserves for credit risks for each credit in the portfolio, in
accordance with what is established in Articles 99 Bis to 99 Bis 3 of these provisions without recognizing the First Loss Coverage Scheme. Once the
reserve requirement for each of the credits is obtained, they must be summed to calculate
the total amount of required reserves of the portfolio (Rvas_Portafolio).
c)
To recognize the effect of the First Loss Coverage Scheme in terms of capital, the excess of the First Loss Coverage Scheme that can be considered for purposes of reducing the capital requirement must be determined. That is,
the amount of the First Loss Scheme coverage (Mto_Cob pp) shall be reduced by the
amount of reserves obtained in accordance with subsection b) above.
When the variable Gar_RK pp results in zero or negative, the Institutions
beneficiaries of the First Loss Coverage Scheme must constitute the
total amount of the capital requirements obtained in accordance with what is stated in
subsection a) above (RK_Portafolio ARC).
When Gar_RK pp obtained in accordance with the previous paragraph results in positive, the
Institutions beneficiaries of the First Loss Coverage Scheme must
compare this amount with the capital requirements obtained in accordance with
subsection a) above, applying the following decision rule:
i.
If Gar_RK pp >
RK_Portafolio ARC
then:
Institutions shall not constitute
any capital requirement for the
portfolio beneficiary of the First Loss
Coverage Scheme.
ii.
If Gar_RK pp <
RK_Portafolio ARC
then:
The capital requirement for said
portfolio shall be the amount that
when added to the value of Gar_RK pp equals the
total amount of capital requirements of the credits of the portfolio
obtained in accordance with item 1
above.
IV.
Credits to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises.
In the case of Operations Subject to Credit Risk with or on behalf of legal entities or
individuals with business activity and provided that the borrower demonstrates Net Income or
Net Sales annual less than the equivalent in national currency to 14 million UDIs, such
Operations shall have:
a)
A credit risk weight of 85 percent.
b)
A credit risk weight of 75 percent when they meet the three criteria
following:
i)
Product criterion.
Institutions shall consider Operations whose risk is related to
direct credits, denominated in national currency, foreign currency or in UDIs,
as well as the interest they generate, granted to individuals with business
activity or legal entities.
ii)
Concentration criterion.
Institutions shall consider Operations whose risk is
aggregated against the same counterparty and such Operations do not exceed 1 percent
of the total of the credit portfolio considered in this fraction IV, as well as
the amounts of the Consumer Credit Portfolio.
iii)
Value of individual positions.
Institutions shall consider Operations whose aggregated risk against a
same counterparty does not exceed an amount equivalent in national currency
to 4
million UDIs.
To determine if the Net Income or Net Annual Sales of the borrower are less than the
threshold indicated in this fraction IV of this article, Institutions shall use the value of the
UDI on the date that corresponds to the annual financial statement of the borrower, whose figures shall not
have an age greater than 18 months at the time of determining the value of the
UDI, or may use the annual tax return of the borrower whose figures shall not have
an age greater than 18 months at the time of determining the value of the UDI.
The weights indicated in fraction IV of this article shall not be applicable when the
Operations have a Credit Rating assigned by any of the Rating
Institutions to the issuer or counterparty in question, for which the risk weight shall be
determined in accordance with Group VII-A referred to in Article 2 Bis 18 of these provisions. "
TRANSITORY PROVISIONS
FIRST. This Resolution shall enter into force on September 1, 2021.
SECOND. Credit institutions may implement the credit risk weights that are
modified by this Resolution before September 1, 2021, provided they have the
formats, processes and systems necessary to perform the capitalization calculation in accordance with the new
weights that are made known with this instrument.
Likewise, the modifications contained in this instrument may be applied to the
restructurings that credit institutions formalize from the entry into force of this Resolution
on credits granted prior to this date to clients who are up to date in their payments,
present a good credit history at the judgment of the lending institution and in which an agreement is reached on a reduction
in the interest rate of the original credit as a result of the restructuring.
For credits that are restructured under conditions different from those indicated in the previous paragraph, they
shall apply the weights provided for in Article 2 Bis 17 of the "General Provisions
applicable to credit institutions" in force before the entry into force of this Resolution,
provided that the restructurings are agreed upon on credits granted prior to the entry into force
of this.
THIRD. Credits that credit institutions have granted and classified in accordance with the
assumptions provided for in fractions I and II of Article 2 Bis 17 of the "General Provisions
applicable to credit institutions" in force before the entry into force of this Resolution,
shall continue to comply with what is stated in said fractions for the remaining term of the credit.
Regarding housing mortgage credits, the percentages mentioned in fraction II of
Article 2 Bis 17 of the "General Provisions applicable to credit institutions" in force
before the entry into force of this Resolution, must be met on the date of the calculation of the
capital requirements, considering, if applicable, the reduction of the credit balance amount as
it is amortized.
FOURTH. Portfolios of housing mortgage credits intended for the remodeling or
improvement of housing that maintain similar characteristics among themselves, that can be located in the
assumptions of article THIRD TRANSITORY above, composed of credits granted prior to the entry into force
of this Resolution and that have the guarantee granted by any institution
of development banking that has an express guarantee of the Federal Government or of a
public trust constituted for economic promotion under the First Loss Coverage Schemes,
provided that such guarantee complies with what is stated in Article 2 Bis 39 of the "General Provisions
applicable to credit institutions" in force before the entry into force of this Resolution, shall calculate their capital requirement for credit risk in accordance with the procedure
indicated in Article 2 Bis 17, fraction III, subsections a) to c) that are reformed with this instrument.
FIFTH. Credit institutions, regarding credits that they have granted and on which they had
applied the measures in terms of weights to determine the capital requirements for credit risk
that were issued and made known to credit institutions by the National Banking and Securities Commission
through letters number P418/2020 and P430/2020 of September 24 and October 8,
2020, respectively, or that have been granted under said measures, shall continue to determine the
weights in accordance with the terms indicated in said letters for the remaining term of the
credit. Upon the entry into force of this Resolution, credit institutions shall cease to grant
credits under the terms indicated in the aforementioned letters, subject in all cases, to what is established in this
instrument.
Respectfully
Mexico City, July 7, 2021.- President of the National Banking and Securities Commission,
Juan
Pablo Graf Noriega.- Signature.
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