Completion Instructions for Form MA(BS)3(V) Part V: Operational Risk

MA(BS)3(V)/P.1 (3/2007)
Completion Instructions
Return of Capital Adequacy Ratio
Part V - Risk-weighted Amount for Operational Risk
Form MA(BS)3(V)
Introduction

1. Form MA(BS)3(V) should be completed by each authorized institution incorporated
   in Hong Kong to calculate operational risk, based on the approach to calculation as specified by or agreed with the Monetary Authority (MA) under Part 9 of the Banking (Capital) Rules. Reporting institutions should use the basic indicator approach (BIA approach) to calculate their risk-weighted amount for operational risk, unless they have the prior approval of the MA to use the standardized (operational risk) approach (STO approach), alternative standardized approach (ASA approach) or other methods. Where an institution has been approved to use a calculation method other than the BIA approach, STO approach or ASA approach, it should report its risk-weighted amount for operational risk in a manner as agreed with the MA.

2. This Form and its completion instructions should be read in conjunction with the
   Rules and relevant supervisory policy/guidance on the revised capital adequacy framework.
   Section A: Definitions and Clarification

3. Under the BIA approach, STO approach or ASA approach, the reporting institution’s
   risk-weighted amount for operational risk is calculated based on its average gross income or loans and advances of the last 3 years. If an institution has been in operation for 18 months or more but less than 3 years, it should treat any partial year of operation of 6 months or more as a full year, and any partial year of operation of less than 6 months as zero for the purposes of calculating the last 3 years arithmetic mean of its gross income and/or loans and advances in the standardized business lines of retail banking and commercial banking1 .

4. If any partial year is counted as a full year, the gross income of that partial year
   should be annualized and taken as the gross income of that year. As for the applicable loans and advances under the ASA approach, the arithmetic mean of the amount of loans and advances outstanding at the end of each full calendar quarter within that partial year should be taken as the loans and advances for that year. If any partial year is treated as zero, the gross income and loans advances in the standardized business lines of retail banking and commercial banking for that partial year should be taken as zero.

1
Please refer to sections 324 and 325 of the Rules for the meaning of “loans and advances in the standardized business line of commercial banking” and “loans and advances in the standardized business line of retail banking”.

MA(BS)3(V)/P.2 (3/2007)
5. An illustration of calculating the gross income and loans and advances in the
standardized business lines of retail banking and commercial banking for partial and full year of operation is shown at Annex V-A.
6. Examples on reporting of operational risk under different approaches are shown at
Annex V-B.
Section B: Calculation and Reporting of Risk-weighted Amount
7. The following paragraphs explain how to report the gross income/loans and advances,
capital charges and risk-weighted amount under the BIA approach, STO approach or ASA approach. B.1 BIA Approach
8. The capital charge for operational risk under the BIA approach should be calculated
using the following formula:
KBIA = [∑(GI1…n x α)] / n
Where:
KBIA = capital charge for operational risk calculated under the BIA approach; GI = gross income, where positive, of the last 3 years; α = 15%; and n = number of the last 3 years for which gross income is positive. Any gross income for a year that is negative or zero should be excluded from both the numerator (GI) and the denominator (n) of the above formula.
9. Reporting institutions using the BIA approach should report items 1, 4 and 5 of this
Form.
Item Nature of item

1. Report the gross income and capital charges for each of the last 3
   years ending on the reporting calendar quarter end date.
   (a) Gross income for the last 3 years is calculated by:

• First year: aggregating the gross income recognized by
  the institution in the calendar quarter ending on the reporting calendar quarter end date and in each of the 3 immediately preceding calendar quarters;
• Second year: aggregating the gross income recognized by
  the institution in the year immediately preceding the first year; and

MA(BS)3(V)/P.3 (3/2007)

• Third year: aggregating the gross income recognized by
  the institution in the year immediately preceding the second year. (b) Capital charge is calculated by multiplying the gross income in each of the first year, second year and third year, where positive, (as calculated under (a) above) by a capital charge factor of 15%.

4. Capital charge for operational risk
   This is calculated by aggregating the capital charges for the last 3 years (as reported under item 1) and obtaining the arithmetic mean of the aggregate capital charge by dividing that aggregate figure by the number of the last 3 years in which the gross income is positive.
5. Risk-weighted amount for operational risk
   This is calculated by multiplying the capital charge for operational risk under the BIA approach (as reported under item 4) by 12.5. B.2 STO Approach
6. The capital charge for operational risk under the STO approach should be calculated
   using the following formula2
   :
   KSTO = {∑years1-3 max [∑(GI1-8 x β1-8), 0]} / 3 Where:
   KSTO = capital charge for operational risk calculated under the STO approach; GI1-8 = gross income for each of the standardized business lines for each of the last 3 years; and β1-8 = capital charge factor applicable to each of the standardized business lines (as set out in the instructions for items 2.1a to 2.1h under paragraph 11).
7. Reporting institutions using the STO approach should report items 2, 4 and 5 of this
   Form.
   Item Nature of item
   2.1a to 2.1h Report the gross income and capital charges for each of the 8 standardized business lines (under items a to h) for each of the last 3 years ending on the reporting calendar quarter end date.

2
If the reporting institution has business activities that could not be mapped into any of the 8 standardized business lines and are reported under the unclassified business line, the gross income of these activities should also be included in the above formula in calculating the capital charge for operational risk. See instructions under item 2.1i for details.

MA(BS)3(V)/P.4 (3/2007)
(a) Gross income for each of the 8 standardized business lines for the last 3 years is calculated by:

• First year: aggregating the gross income recognized by
  the institution in respect of each of the 8 standardized business lines in the calendar quarter ending on the reporting calendar quarter end date and the gross income recognized by the institution in respect of each of the 8 standardized business lines in each of the 3 immediately preceding calendar quarters;
• Second year: aggregating the gross income recognized by
  the institution in respect of each of the 8 standardized business lines in the year immediately preceding the first year; and
• Third year: aggregating the gross income recognized by
  the institution in respect of each of the 8 standardized business lines in the year immediately preceding the second year. (b) The capital charge for each of the 8 standardized business lines is calculated by multiplying the gross income of each standardized business line in each of the first year, second year and third year (as calculated under (a) above) by the capital charge factor applicable to that standardized business line set out below:
  Standardized business line Capital charge factor Corporate finance 18% Trading and sales 18% Retail banking 12% Commercial banking 15% Payment and settlement 18% Agency services 15% Asset management 12% Retail brokerage 12%

2.1i If none of the mapping principles set out in sections 2(c)(i), (ii) and (iii) of Schedule 4 of the Rules enables the reporting institution to map gross income in respect of a particular business activity into a particular standardized business line, the institution can map it under the unclassified business line. Report the gross income of the unclassified business line for the last 3 years using the same method as set out in (a) above. The capital charge is calculated by multiplying the gross income of this business line in each of the first year, second year and third year by a capital charge factor of 18%.

MA(BS)3(V)/P.5 (3/2007)
2.2 Report the total capital charges for each of the last 3 years by adding
together the capital charges calculated under items 2.1a to 2.1h and 2.1i above for each of the last 3 years. In any given year of the last 3 years, the reporting institution may offset a positive capital charge for any standardized or the unclassified business line in the given year with a negative capital charge for any other standardized or the unclassified business line in that given year. However, it shall not offset positive or negative capital charges for the standardized or the unclassified business line between any of the last 3 years.
4. Capital charge for operational risk
This is calculated by aggregating the capital charges for the last 3 years (as reported under item 2.2) and obtaining the arithmetic mean of the aggregate capital charge by dividing that aggregate figure by 3. If the aggregate capital charge for all the standardized and the unclassified business lines in any given year is negative, it should be assigned a zero value and that given year should still be counted in the denominator when calculating the last 3 years arithmetic mean.
5. Risk-weighted amount for operational risk
This is calculated by multiplying the capital charge for operational risk under the STO approach (as reported under item 4) by 12.5. B.3 ASA Approach
12. The methodology to calculate the capital charge under the ASA approach is the same
as the STO approach except for 2 standardized business lines – retail banking and commercial banking. For these 2 standardized business lines, loans and advances, when multiplied by a fixed factor of 0.035, replace gross income in calculating the capital charge for operational risk.
13. The capital charge for operational risk in the standardized business line of retail (or
commercial) banking for each year should be calculated using the following formula:
KRB = LARB x 0.035 x βRB
Where:
KRB = capital charge for the standardized business line of retail (or commercial) banking; LARB = loans and advances in the standardized business line of retail (or commercial) banking for each year; and βRB = capital charge factor for the standardized business line of retail (or commercial) banking.
14. Reporting institutions using the ASA approach should report items 3, 4 and 5 of this
Form. In reporting item 3, the reporting institution can report either item 3.1 or 3.3 and item 3.2 or 3.4, depending on whether the institution wishes to treat its

MA(BS)3(V)/P.6 (3/2007) standardized business lines of retail banking and commercial banking as 2 separate business lines or one business line and the remaining 6 standardized and the unclassified business lines as separate business lines or one business line. Once the reporting institution has chosen the reporting methodology it should not change that reporting methodology unless it has the prior approval of the MA. Item Nature of item 3.1a and 3.1b Report the loans and advances and capital charges for the standardized business lines of retail banking and commercial banking for each of the last 3 years ending on the reporting calendar quarter end date. (a) The loans and advances in the standardized business lines of retail (or commercial) banking for the last 3 years is calculated by:

• First year: taking the arithmetic mean of the amount of
  loans and advances as at the reporting calendar quarter end date and as at each of the 3 immediately preceding calendar quarter end dates;
• Second year: taking the arithmetic mean of the amount of
  loans and advances as at each of the 4 calendar quarter end dates immediately preceding the first year; and
• Third year: taking the arithmetic mean of the amount of
  loans and advances as at each of the 4 calendar quarter end dates immediately preceding the second year. (b) The capital charge for the standardized business line of retail (or commercial) banking is calculated by multiplying the loans and advances of the business line in each of the first year, second year and third year (as calculated under (a) above) by 0.035 and then by a capital charge factor of 12% (or 15%). 3.1c Report the subtotal of capital charges for the standardized business lines of retail banking and commercial banking for each of the last 3 years by adding together the capital charges reported under items 3.1a and 3.1b for each of the last 3 years. 3.2a to 3.2f Report the gross income and capital charge for each of the 6 standardized business lines (under items a to f) for each of the last 3 years ending on the reporting calendar quarter end date, using the same method as that for the STO approach (as set out in the instructions for items 2.1a to 2.1h under paragraph 11). 3.2g Report the gross income and capital charge for the unclassified business line using the same method as that for the STO approach (as set out in the instructions for item 2.1i under paragraph 11).

MA(BS)3(V)/P.7 (3/2007)
3.2h Report the subtotal of the capital charges for the 6 standardized and the unclassified business lines under items 3.2a to 3.2g for each of the last 3 years. The reporting institution may, in any given year of the last 3 years, offset a positive capital charge for any of these standardized or the unclassified business line in the given year with a negative capital charge for any other standardized or the unclassified business line in the given year. However, it shall not offset positive or negative capital charges for the standardized or the unclassified business line between any of the last 3 years.
3.3 Treat the standardized business lines of retail banking and
commercial banking as one business line and report the loans and advances and capital charges for these business lines in one lump sum for each of the last 3 years ending on the reporting calendar quarter end date.

(a) The aggregate loans and advances in the standardized business lines of retail banking and commercial banking for the last 3 years are calculated using the same method as set out for items 3.1a and 3.1b above. (b) The aggregate capital charge for the standardized business lines of retail banking and commercial banking is calculated by multiplying the loans and advances of these 2 business lines in each year (as calculated under (a) above) by 0.035 and then by a capital charge factor of 15%.
3.4 Treat the 6 standardized and the unclassified business lines (as
referred to under items 3.2a to 3.2g) as one business line and report the gross income and capital charge for these business lines in one lump sum for each of the last 3 years ending on the reporting calendar quarter end date. (a) The aggregate gross income for the 6 standardized and the unclassified business lines is calculated by using the same method as set out for items 3.2a to 3.2f and 3.2g above.

(b) The aggregate capital charge for the 6 standardized and the unclassified business lines is calculated by multiplying the aggregate gross income of these business lines in each year (as calculated under (a) above) by a capital charge factor of 18%.
3.5 Report the total capital charges for each of the last 3 years by adding
together the capital charges for the standardized business lines of retail banking and commercial banking (item 3.1c or 3.3) and the capital charges for the remaining 6 standardized and the unclassified business lines (item 3.2h or 3.4) for each of the last 3 years. If the aggregate capital charge for the remaining 6 standardized and the unclassified business lines in a given year of the last 3 years is

MA(BS)3(V)/P.8 (3/2007) negative, it should be assigned a zero value and should not be used to offset the capital charges for the standardized business lines of retail banking and/or commercial banking.

4. Capital charge for operational risk
   This is calculated by aggregating the capital charges for the last 3 years (as reported under item 3.5) and obtaining the arithmetic mean of the aggregate capital charge by dividing that aggregate figure by 3.
5. Risk-weighted amount for operational risk
   This is calculated by multiplying the capital charge for operational risk under the ASA approach (as reported under item 4) by 12.5. Hong Kong Monetary Authority March 2007

MA(BS)3(V)/P.9 (3/2007)
Annex V-A
An illustration of calculating the gross income and loans and advances in the standardized business lines of retail banking and commercial banking for partial and full year of operation REPORTING POSITION: 31 MARCH 2007 Proxy for operational risk exposures First Year Second Year Third Year Number of years in operation Reporting institution in operation for 3 years or more Gross income sum of gross income for the quarters ended on 31.03.07, 31.12.06, 30.09.06 and 30.06.06 sum of gross income for the quarters ended on 31.03.06, 31.12.05, 30.09.05 and 30.06.05 sum of gross income for the quarters ended on 31.03.05, 31.12.04, 30.09.04 and 30.06.04 3 Loans and advances in the standardized business line of retail/commercial banking arithmetic mean of the amount outstanding as at 31.03.07, 31.12.06, 30.09.06 and 30.06.06 arithmetic mean of the amount outstanding as at 31.03.06, 31.12.05, 30.09.05 and 30.06.05 arithmetic mean of the amount outstanding as at 31.03.05, 31.12.04, 30.09.04 and 30.06.04 3 Reporting institution in operation for 2½ years or more but less than 3 years Gross income same as above same as above annualize the gross income of the partial year 3 Loans and advances in the standardized business line of retail/commercial banking same as above same as above ≥ 6 months but < 9 months arithmetic mean of the amount outstanding as at
31.03.05 and 31.12.04
≥ 9 months but < 12 months arithmetic mean of the amount outstanding as at 31.03.05, 31.12.04 and 30.09.04 3 Reporting institution in operation for 2 years or more but less than 2½ years Gross income same as above same as above zero 2 Loans and advances in the standardized business line of retail/commercial banking same as above same as above zero 2 Reporting institution in operation for 1½ years or more but less than 2 years Gross income same as above annualize the gross income of the partial year N.A. (Reporting institution not yet in operation) 2 Loans and advances in the standardized business line of retail/commercial banking same as above ≥ 6 months but < 9 months arithmetic mean of the amount outstanding as at
31.03.06 and 31.12.05
≥ 9 months but < 12 months arithmetic mean of the amount outstanding as at 31.03.06, 31.12.05 and 30.09.05 N.A. (Reporting institution not yet in operation) 2

MA(BS)3(V)/P.10 (3/2007)
Annex V-B
Examples on reporting of operational risk under different approaches Reporting institution’s gross income and loans and advances for the last 3 years as at 31 March 2007 Business lines First Year Second Year Third Year HK$’000 Gross income (Note 1)
1. Corporate finance 1,500 1,200 -500
2. Trading and sales 1,000 900 300
3. Retail banking 1,200 1,000 -1,000
4. Commercial banking 2,000 1,300 700
5. Payment and settlement 900 -500 -1,300
6. Agency services 1,100 -200 500
7. Asset management 700 500 100
8. Retail brokerage 300 600 200
Total 8,700 4,800 -1,000
Loans and advances (Note 2)
1. Retail banking 25,000 15,000 10,000
2. Commercial banking 14,000 18,000 20,000
Total 39,000 33,000 30,000
Note 1 - Gross income of the first year = sum of gross income for Q1/07, Q4/06, Q3/06 & Q2/06 Gross income of the second year = sum of gross income for Q1/06, Q4/05, Q3/05 & Q2/05 Gross income of the third year = sum of gross income for Q1/05, Q4/04, Q3/04 & Q2/04 Note 2 - Loans and advances of the first year = arithmetic mean of the amount outstanding as at Q1/07, Q4/06, Q3/06 & Q2/06 Loans and advances of the second year = arithmetic mean of the amount outstanding as at Q1/06, Q4/05, Q3/05 & Q2/05 Loans and advances of the third year = arithmetic mean of the amount outstanding as at Q1/05, Q4/04, Q3/04 & Q2/04

RETURN REPORTING
BIA APPROACH

Gross Income/Loans & Advances
HK$’000
Capital Charges
HK$’000
Item Nature of item
Capital
Charge
Factor
%
First year Second Year Third Year First year Second Year Third Year
1. BIA Approach 15 8,700 4,800 -1,000 1,305 720 0
4. Capital charge for operational risk (1,305 + 720)/2 1,013
5. RISK-WEIGHTED AMOUNT FOR OPERATIONAL RISK 1,013 x 12.5 12,663
STO APPROACH
Gross Income/Loans & Advances
HK$’000
Capital Charges
HK$’000
Item Nature of item
Capital
Charge
Factor
%
First year Second Year Third Year First year Second Year Third Year
2. STO Approach
2.1 a. Corporate finance 18 1,500 1,200 -500 270 216 -90
b. Trading and sales 18 1,000 900 300 180 162 54
c. Retail banking 12 1,200 1,000 -1,000 144 120 -120
d. Commercial banking 15 2,000 1,300 700 300 195 105 e. Payment and settlement 18 900 -500 -1,300 162 -90 -234 f. Agency services 15 1,100 -200 500 165 -30 75 g. Asset management 12 700 500 100 84 60 12 h. Retail brokerage 12 300 600 200 36 72 24
i. Unclassified 18 0
2.2 TOTAL 1,341 705 -174
4. Capital charge for operational risk (1,341+705+0)/3 682
5. RISK-WEIGHTED AMOUNT FOR OPERATIONAL RISK 682 x 12.5 8,525

MA(BS)3(V)/P.11 (3/2007)
ASA APPROACH
Method (i)
Gross Income/Loans & Advances
HK$’000
Capital Charges
HK$’000
Item Nature of item
Capital
Charge
Factor
%
First year Second Year Third Year First year Second Year Third Year
3.1 a. Retail banking 12 25,000 15,000 10,000 105 63 42
b. Commercial banking 15 14,000 18,000 20,000 74 95 105
c. SUBTOTAL 179 158 147
3.2 a. Corporate finance 18 1,500 1,200 -500 270 216 -90
b. Trading and sales 18 1,000 900 300 180 162 54
c. Payment and settlement 18 900 -500 -1,300 162 -90 -234
d. Agency services 15 1,100 -200 500 165 -30 75 e. Asset management 12 700 500 100 84 60 12 f. Retail brokerage 12 300 600 200 36 72 24 g. Unclassified 18 0 h. SUBTOTAL 897 390 -159
3.5 TOTAL 1,076 548 147
4. Capital charge for operational risk (1,076+548+147)/3 590
5. RISK-WEIGHTED AMOUNT FOR OPERATIONAL RISK 590 x 12.5 7,375
Method (ii)
Gross Income/Loans & Advances
HK$’000
Capital Charges
HK$’000
Item Nature of item
Capital
Charge
Factor
%
First year Second Year Third Year First year Second Year Third Year
3.1 a. Retail banking 12 25,000 15,000 10,000 105 63 42
b. Commercial banking 15 14,000 18,000 20,000 74 95 105
c. SUBTOTAL 179 158 147
3.4 3.2a to 3.2g as one business line 18 5,500 2,500 -700 990 450 -126
3.5 TOTAL 1,169 608 147
4. Capital charge for operational risk (1,169+608+147)/3 641
5. RISK-WEIGHTED AMOUNT FOR OPERATIONAL RISK 641 x 12.5 8,013
Method (iii)
Gross Income/Loans & Advances
HK$’000
Capital Charges
HK$’000
Item Nature of item
Capital
Charge
Factor
%
First year Second Year Third Year First year Second Year Third Year
3.2 a. Corporate finance 18 1,500 1,200 -500 270 216 -90
b. Trading and sales 18 1,000 900 300 180 162 54
c. Payment and settlement 18 900 -500 -1,300 162 -90 -234
d. Agency services 15 1,100 -200 500 165 -30 75 e. Asset management 12 700 500 100 84 60 12 f. Retail brokerage 12 300 600 200 36 72 24 g. Unclassified 18 0 h. SUBTOTAL 897 390 -159
3.3 3.1a & 3.1b as one business line 15 39,000 33,000 30,000 205 173 158
3.5 TOTAL 1,102 563 158
4. Capital charge for operational risk (1,102+563+158)/3 608
5. RISK-WEIGHTED AMOUNT FOR OPERATIONAL RISK 608 x 12.5 7,600

MA(BS)3(V)/P.12 (3/2007)
Method (iv)
Gross Income/Loans & Advances
HK$’000
Capital Charges
HK$’000
Item Nature of item
Capital
Charge
Factor
%
First year Second Year Third Year First year Second Year Third Year
3.3 3.1a & 3.1b as one business line 15 39,000 33,000 30,000 205 173 158
3.4 3.2a to 3.2g as one business line 18 5,500 2,500 -700 990 450 -126
3.5 TOTAL 1,195 623 158
4. Capital charge for operational risk (1,195+623+158)/3 659
5. RISK-WEIGHTED AMOUNT FOR OPERATIONAL RISK 659 x 12.5 8,238