2023-10-18
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The document establishes the general framework for the Dominican Republic's Green Taxonomy, defining it as a system to identify economic activities and assets with substantial contributions to environmental and climate objectives. It outlines the taxonomy's purpose to direct financial flows toward green activities, its six core environmental objectives (climate change mitigation and adaptation, water resources, ecosystems and biodiversity, pollution prevention, and circular economy), and the principles guiding its development. The framework specifies eligibility criteria and compliance requirements, noting that the initial scope covers nine economic sectors with substantial contributions to mitigation, adaptation, and water resources, while other objectives are addressed through the 'No Significant Harm' principle.
GREEN TAXONOMY DOMINICAN REPUBLIC TECHNICAL DOCUMENT GENERAL FRAMEWORK Date: September, 2023 VERSION: 1 PREPARED BY THE SUPERINTENDENCY OF THE SECURITIES MARKET OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AND THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION - IFC.
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 TAXONOMY CONSTRUCTION PROCESS 3 GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF THE TAXONOMY FOR THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 4 DEFINITION OF TAXONOMY 4 PURPOSE OF THE TAXONOMY 4 USES OF THE TAXONOMY 4 PRINCIPLES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TAXONOMY 5 ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES 6 IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND ASSETS 10 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 12 COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS 12 TECHNICAL ANNEXES 17 ANNEX 1. RELATIONSHIP OF THE TAXONOMY WITH ISIC 17 ANNEX 2. RELATIONSHIP OF THE TAXONOMY WITH MRV / EQUIVALENCE TABLE 17 ANNEX 3. METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING THE GREEN TAXONOMY 17 References 18
3 INTRODUCTION As part of its commitments to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), including the Paris Agreement, the 2030 Development Agenda, and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Dominican Republic is designing and implementing financial instruments to advance its environmental and climate objectives. To this end, the Dominican Republic formed the Green Taxonomy Monitoring Committee. The Committee is responsible for designing and driving the implementation of a taxonomy that promotes directing financial flows toward economic activities and assets with substantial contributions to achieving environmental objectives. This taxonomy will serve for participants in financial markets to use a common language regarding the policies, strategies, and commitments outlined by the Government in the environmental matter. Additionally, it will be a catalyst for the development of environmental financing instruments. TAXONOMY CONSTRUCTION PROCESS The Monitoring Committee, under the coordination of the Securities Market Superintendence, with the support of sectoral experts, developed an initial list of economic activities and assets with substantial contributions to the national objectives of mitigation and adaptation to climate change, based on the analysis of international taxonomies, the National System for Measurement, Reporting and Verification of Greenhouse Gases (MRV), existing international principles and criteria for certification of Green Bonds, and information collected for each sector in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of the Dominican Republic for the period 2020-2030. The first list was socialized, reviewed, and complemented by the Taxonomy Table and by the eight leading sectoral advisors who participated in the construction of the taxonomy, including one cross-sectoral advisor, and subsequently, they were enriched by 202 technical experts and
4 stakeholders, representatives of different entities from the private, public, academic sectors, and international organizations, who participated in the engagement process. For more detail on the taxonomy development process, refer to Annex 3: Methodology for developing the green taxonomy. Progressivity in the construction process Understanding that taxonomies have the main purpose of mobilizing capital toward projects that respond to the most relevant problems of a country, as well as reaffirming global commitments on sustainable development and the path toward carbon neutrality, the Taxonomy Monitoring Committee recognizes the importance of developing this document progressively, not only by incorporating all the prioritized environmental objectives in it, but also to address social objectives. The Committee recognizes, on one hand, that there are interrelations between environmental management, climate action, and social safeguards (see Graph 1) and, on the other hand, the importance of addressing socio-economic gaps and vulnerabilities for developing and emerging countries, such as the Dominican Republic. GRAPH 1. Progressive development of activities 1 1 The BIS in its publication “A taxonomy of sustainable finance taxonomies” (October, 2021), recognizes the importance of developing sustainable taxonomies progressively by environmental objective.
5 GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF THE TAXONOMY FOR DOMINICAN REPUBLIC DEFINITION OF TAXONOMY The taxonomy is defined as an identification system for economic activities and assets with substantial contributions to achieving environmental and/or social objectives, which respond to the commitments, strategies, and policies outlined in this matter by the country.
6 The first taxonomy developed in the Dominican Republic is a "Green Taxonomy"; it is understood as that which seeks to identify initiatives or assets that contribute substantially to the achievement of environmental and/or climate objectives. PURPOSE OF THE TAXONOMY This taxonomy aims to direct financial flows toward activities and assets that are distinguished by their substantial contribution to environmental and climate objectives, including financial markets and public spending on environmental issues. 2 USES OF THE TAXONOMY
7 Connection with other taxonomies at the international level Given the global nature of financial markets and environmental challenges, alignment is sought both with national classification systems and with international taxonomies to maximize the impact of these tools. Although it is recognized that there are important local and regional differences, and that the design and update process of the green taxonomy has taken into account the challenges, capacities, and specific realities of the Dominican Republic, the Common Framework for Sustainable Taxonomies by UNEP was used as a reference point. ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE OBJECTIVES The taxonomy is structured around six environmental objectives, which are aligned with relevant commitments, strategies, and policies in the national context. Environmental and climate objectives Climate change mitigation Climate change adaptation Water and water resources Ecosystems and biodiversity*3 Pollution Prevention Circular economy Interrelations between environmental objectives 3 Addressed partially, with a focus on ecosystems directly linked to the water and water resources objective.
8 In the design of the taxonomy, the interrelations that exist between the different environmental objectives have been taken into account, as well as the complex network of threads that intertwine between human actions and their impacts on the environment. One of the main interrelations is the one that exists between ecosystems and the services they provide (environmental objective of biodiversity and ecosystems), the objectives of mitigation and adaptation to climate change, sustainable use and management of water and coastal-marine resources, non-pollution, and circular economy. Indirectly, ecosystems: ● Play a highly relevant role in water and climate regulation, in carbon capture and fixation, and in the composition and retention of soils. ● Contribute to food security and livelihoods and ways of life, as well as to risk prevention, mainly those related to erosive processes, such as landslides and floods. Although biodiversity has been threatened by various human activities, climate change has varied the physical and functional characteristics that guarantee its preservation and the availability of associated ecosystem services. There are some ecosystems that present greater sensitivity to such changes and, combined with a low degree of resilience, are more vulnerable to continuous transformation in their composition, structure, and, therefore, function. The Dominican Republic, with its 48,670.82 km2, is part of the Outstanding Caribbean Biodiversity Site, which is among the five most important in the world (Myers et al, 2000; Smith et al, 2005). In particular, it is part of Hispaniola, characterized by great biological richness, with high levels of endemism. 4 The country has specific commitments and regulation on biodiversity conservation, including: the National Development Strategy Law, General Law of Environment and Natural Resources, Sectoral Law of Protected Areas, Sectoral Law on Biodiversity, and a National Strategy for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity - Action Plan (ENBPA). Co-benefits 4 National Strategy for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity
9 The interrelations existing between the different environmental and climate objectives mean that some economic activities and assets generate benefits related to more than one of them, therefore, co-benefits. It is also common that the protection of natural capital contributes to more than one environmental objective. In each of the developed technical documents (focused on specific environmental objectives), the economic activities that generate these co-benefits are identified. Interrelation between environmental objectives and social capacities The design of the taxonomy takes into account the symbiosis that exists between natural capital and human capital, as well as the need to advance in an economy that generates social well-being without exceeding the planetary limits recognized by the scientific community. It also recognizes the need to promote social capacities and behaviors, as well as access to economic opportunities, as conditions to stop the negative impacts of deforestation and illegal economies. It also considers access to housing and quality health, food security, and social fabric as key factors to increase resilience to climate events, as well as the vulnerability analysis dimensions proposed in the NDC. GRAPH 2. Contributions of the SDGs to the 2030 Agenda by dimensions
10 Articulation with the 2030 Agenda The 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda is a global action plan for the prosperity of people and the planet, which was adopted by the 193 Member States of the United Nations in 2015. The 2030 Agenda is composed of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets, with precise indicators, which address the world's main challenges, such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation. The Dominican Republic has committed to implementing the 2030 Agenda and has developed a National Sustainable Development Plan 2030, which establishes the actions and measures necessary to achieve the SDGs in the country. Some of the most relevant commitments of the Dominican Republic in terms of the 2030 Agenda include: ● Protect the environment: The Dominican Republic has committed to protecting the environment, promoting sustainable development, and addressing climate change. In 2022, the deforestation rate in the Dominican Republic was 0.9%. ● Reduce extreme poverty to zero: The Dominican Republic has committed to reducing extreme poverty to zero by 2030. In 2022, the extreme poverty rate in the Dominican Republic was 1.5%.
11 Some of the challenges facing the Dominican Republic in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda include: ● Climate change: The Dominican Republic is a country vulnerable to climate change, which is already having a negative impact on the country. ● Poverty and inequality: The Dominican Republic is a middle-income country but still faces challenges in terms of poverty and inequality. Likewise, the National Development Strategy Law has been harmonized approximately 80% with the referred 2030 Development Agenda. Interrelation between environmental objectives and gender equity Finally, the taxonomy recognizes that the climate crisis is not "gender-neutral." Gender inequality, added to the climate crisis, is one of the great challenges of our time as it becomes a threat to the livelihoods, health, and security of girls and women around the world. In response to this challenge, some taxonomies have included the gender equity objective transversally, seeking in this way that economic activities: (i) contribute to reducing gender gaps and eliminating discrimination against women and; (ii) adopt best practices in favor of gender equality in users of the Taxonomy. In this sense, the Taxonomy in the Dominican Republic will also consider gender equity objectives in future developments. These will be built based on described practices and principles and will be progressively perfected.
12 IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND ASSETS For the identification of assets and economic activities eligible for the taxonomy of the different environmental objectives, two filters were applied for selection: their relevance to the Dominican context and the materiality of their contribution to the fulfillment of the respective environmental objective. For the identified and prioritized economic activities and assets, definitions were developed and the corresponding eligibility criteria and requirements were established. To be eligible under this taxonomy, users must demonstrate compliance with the eligibility criteria and compliance requirements. These filters, criteria, and requirements for the different objectives are or will be explained in the technical documents developed for each objective, where the economic activities and assets that have passed through these relevance and substantial contribution filters are also presented, as well as the respective eligibility criteria and compliance requirements necessary for alignment with the taxonomy. Broad conception of economic activities and assets Thanks to its geographical diversity and its wealth in natural capital, the Dominican Republic has a variety of ecosystems, from tropical jungles to coral reefs, which allows it to host a great diversity 5 of plants and animals, and offer a wide range of goods and 5 According to the Fourth National Biodiversity Report of the Dominican Republic, the country has a total of 10,073 species of plants and animals, of which 2,865 are endemic. This means that they are found only in the Dominican Republic and nowhere else in the world.
13 environmental services, many of which are directly related to the climate and the protection of its water resources. For the development of the taxonomy, the concept of economic assets can be understood as the traditional definition of assets (manufactured/financial), but it can also include natural assets, which provide environmental goods and services (including nature-based solutions – one of the effective strategies to achieve environmental objectives) and are the central focus of objectives related to water and water resources/biodiversity and ecosystems. The good state of ecosystems is a key variable for climate resilience, and its degradation is associated with an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The restoration and conservation of ecosystems and their services are crucial to increase adaptation to climate change, maintain or improve GHG mitigation capacity, and advance in the protection of water and water resources. The taxonomy also recognizes natural assets as economic assets, as they sustain and at the same time impose limits on economic activities. It also opens space for the inclusion of activities and investments that promote the protection and restoration of those terrestrial and coastal-marine ecosystems that provide environmental services that favor mitigation and adaptation to climate change (e.g., carbon fixation and storage, water and climate regulation). Initial Scope of the Taxonomy This Taxonomy covers 9 economic sectors, under its broadest concept (see previous section), and covers from the perspective of substantial contribution 3 environmental objectives and 7 sectors from the perspective of substantial contribution. The activities and assets included in this taxonomy were identified and prioritized based on their substantial contribution to: Climate Change Mitigation, Climate Change Adaptation, and sustainable use of water and marine resources. The rest of the environmental objectives are covered from the perspective of No Significant Harm and co-benefits.
14 TABLE 1 - Table of Economic Activities and Substantial Contribution to Different Environmental Objectives Environmental Objectives / Sector Climate Change Mitigation Climate Change Adaptation Water and Marine Resources Biodiversity and Ecosystems Pollution Circular Economy Energy Waste Construction Transport Water Supply and Treatment ICT Industry Disaster Management Environmental Protection and Restoration * * * Legend Substantial Contribution Substantial Contribution based on natural assets
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16 in the taxonomy are directly eligible due to their inherent contribution to achieving environmental objectives. Complementary Individual Measures Additionally, in some sectors and economic activities, complementary individual measures are included that contribute to meeting eligibility criteria. These measures may consist of professional services, studies, and technical elements considered supplementary and directly related to the economic asset or activity, and therefore eligible. Complementary measures associated with the creation of intangible assets, innovation, research, and development that facilitate compliance with eligibility criteria in different economic sectors (including the generation of knowledge with great potential to advance the innovation cycle from idea to product/service) will also be considered eligible. These criteria were defined through the exercise of reviewing and referencing international taxonomies, local monitoring and classification systems, and existing international principles in green bond issuance; in addition, they were validated, adjusted, and/or complemented with leading sectoral advisors and in the process of involvement or consultations with experts and stakeholder groups from government entities, academia, the real sector, and the financial sector (see Annex 3). COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS Complementarily, to be eligible, economic activities and assets must demonstrate that they comply with compliance requirements, which are generic and ensure that the economic activity does no significant harm (DNSH) in relation to the other environmental objectives (for more detail on the application of DNSH). 2. Compliance requirements: are the technical requirements that ensure that the economic activity does no significant harm (DNSH) in relation to the other environmental objectives. Compliance with these requirements prevents the inclusion in the taxonomy of activities that, although they contribute to one environmental objective, have negative consequences on the achievement of another. There are compliance requirements that must be met by all economic activities, and there are others specific to the activity or economic sector related to the application of compliance with standards and environmental management systems. The starting point for compliance requirements is compliance with the relevant regulatory framework for the activity or the territory in which it takes place. In cases where the regulation so requests, an environmental impact study must be carried out and the measures required in the terms of reference for licensing, established by national authorities, or according to the conditions and permits set by environmental institutions, must be implemented. The second element for the adequate integration of compliance requirements is environmental management systems. The entities executing the economic activities or owning the assets must show the existence of an effective management system, commensurate with the magnitude of the investment, and the scale of the project/entity executing the funding. This system must: ● Use national and international references (e.g., IFC Performance Standard 1) to conduct an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). ● Define an Environmental Management Plan with measures to avoid significant damage and protect natural capital, in accordance with the EIA. ● Ensure the implementation of impact management measures on species and habitats, as well as corresponding conservation, compensation, or restoration programs. ● Have mechanisms for permanent monitoring and prevention of significant environmental damage. Recommendations for the Application of Compliance Requirements The following table describes the main damages and conditions for which adequate management must be demonstrated, based on an impact assessment that prioritizes material aspects and risks relative to the economic activity. The environmental impacts of the activity itself are taken into account, as well as those of the products and services provided by it throughout its life cycle, especially considering its production, use, and disposal, reuse, and transformation. The entity developing the economic activity must demonstrate the existence of management systems to identify, prioritize, manage, and prevent material damage related to the environmental objectives of the taxonomy, and that these systems are effective in avoiding the conditions indicated in the table. Objective Conditions in which significant damage can be generated Sustainable use and protection of water and marine resources ● The economic activity is detrimental to the good status or, in its case, the ecological potential of water bodies, including surface and groundwater, or to the environmental health of marine waters.
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18 Circular economy, waste prevention and recycling ● The economic activity leads to significant inefficiencies in the use of materials and the direct or indirect use of natural resources (e.g.: non-renewable energy, raw materials, water, and land) in one or more stages of its life cycle. ● The economic activity generates inefficiencies in terms of durability, repairability, upgradeability, reuse, or recyclability of products. ● The economic activity leads to a significant increase in the generation, incineration, or disposal of waste, with the exception of the incineration of non-recyclable hazardous waste; also when the long-term disposal of waste can cause significant damage to the environment. Pollution prevention and control ● The economic activity results in a significant increase in pollutant emissions to the air, water, or soil, compared to the situation prior to the start of the activity (including the generation of hazardous waste). Protection of biodiversity and healthy ecosystems ● The economic activity is detrimental to the good status and resilience of ecosystems. ● The economic activity is harmful to the conservation status of habitats and species, including those of community interest. Negative effects on adaptation ● The economic activity negatively affects the adaptation efforts of others. ● The economic activity generates greater climate risks for others or is an obstacle to adaptation elsewhere. ● The economic activity is not consistent with sectoral, regional, and/or national adaptation efforts. General Control Points for Management Systems The environmental management system of the project/entity executing the funds must control impacts related to the following aspects. Biodiversity and ecosystems
19 27 protected areas in the country, with the objective of conserving biodiversity and natural resources. For these places, a monitoring and evaluation program (medium and long term) of biodiversity must be implemented. The protected areas created by the decree are the following: ● 4 scientific reserves: La Salcedo, Dicayagua, Loma Quita Espuela, and El Valle de Los Cocos. ● 5 national parks: La Hispaniola, Saltos de la Jalda, El Conde, La Gran Sabana, and Anacaona. ● 6 natural monuments: Salto de Jimenoa, Saltos de Jima, El Saltadero, Salto de Socoa, Saltos de la Tinaja, and Las Marías. ● 2 marine sanctuaries: Arrecifes del Sureste and Arrecifes del Suroeste. ● 2 wildlife refuges: Manantiales de Don Gregorio and Laguna de Oviedo. ● 1 national recreation area: Boca de Nigua. ● There is also Decree 651-21 which creates the Loma 7 Picos National Park, under category II of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The decree also establishes a buffer zone or sustainable use zone of 300 meters around all protected areas, with the objective of protecting them from human activities that could affect them. Among the specific benefits of the creation of these protected areas are: ● The protection of unique and threatened ecosystems, such as cloud forests, mangroves, and coral reefs. ● The conservation of endemic and threatened species, such as the West Indian manatee. ● The generation of income through sustainable tourism. ● Environmental education and raising public awareness about the importance of nature conservation. Water and Marine Resources (Water)
20 2. If projects are located in areas with water stress, identified, ensure that water use and conservation management plans, developed in consultation with relevant entities, have been implemented. 3. Alignment with Environmental Management and Adaptation Plans (PMAA), a document that establishes the measures and activities required to prevent, mitigate, control, correct, and compensate for possible negative environmental impacts caused in the development of a project, work, or activity. The PMAA is a mandatory requirement for all projects, works, or activities that may cause significant environmental impacts, as established in the General Law of Environment and Natural Resources No. 64-00. Pollution
21 Compliance requirements specific to each sector and business activity For the economic activities present in the taxonomy, specific compliance requirements have been identified that must be part of environmental impact management and are found in the technical annexes. Recommendations for the Application of Social Safeguards SOCIAL IMPACT The eligible asset or activity must guarantee that it does not generate a negative social impact. For this, it must adhere to the relevant local regulatory framework and policies and have an implemented social management system. This social management system must be in line with the following IFC Performance Standards:
22 ANNEX 2. RELATION OF THE TAXONOMY WITH THE MRV / TABLE OF EQUIVALENCIES To be developed after the public consultation process, once we receive comments. ANNEX 3. METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING THE GREEN TAXONOMY To be finalized after the public consultation process, once we receive comments.
23 REFERENCES
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