Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to develop the digital economy and the sphere of crypto-asset turnover in the Republic of Uzbekistan"

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[OKOS:

1.12.00.00.00 Information and informatization / 12.02.00.00 Management in the field of information and informatization. Electronic government / 12.02.04.00 Other issues]

[TSZ:

Economy / Information and informatization. Electronic commerce (document circulation)]

Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=04.07.2018 00#3897339) edition.

On measures to develop the digital economy and the sphere of crypto-asset turnover in the Republic of Uzbekistan

(the name of the resolution is in the edition of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 27, 2022 No. PF-121 [Decree](/docs/5985785?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5989936) — , 04/28/2022, 06/22/121/0354-no)

The state is taking extensive measures to develop the digital sector of the economy, introducing electronic document circulation systems, developing electronic payments, and improving the regulatory and legal framework in the field of electronic commerce.

The digital economy operating on information technology platforms is developing rapidly, which creates a need to create new models of such platforms.

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=04.07.2018 00#3897348) edition.

The use of distributed ledger technologies, "artificial intelligence," supercomputers, as well as activities related to crypto-assets, is considered one of the directions for developing the digital economy in many countries of the world. Distributed ledger technologies are gradually being introduced not only into many sectors of the economy, but also into the state management system and other public relations.

(the third paragraph of the preamble is in the edition of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 27, 2022 No. PF-121 [Decree](/docs/5985785?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5989937) — , 04/28/2022, 06/22/121/0354-no)

In order to further improve the state management system, create conditions for the introduction and development of the digital economy, improve the investment climate, as well as implement the Strategy of Actions on five priority directions of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017 — 2021:

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=04.07.2018 00#3897351) edition.

The following are considered the most important tasks for further improving the sphere of crypto-asset turnover:

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5998218) edition.

diversification of various forms of investment and entrepreneurial activities by developing activities in the field of crypto-asset turnover, including mining, smart contracts (electronic contracts providing for the execution of rights and obligations through automatic execution of digital transactions), consulting, issuance, exchange, storage, distribution, management, insurance, as well as the introduction and development of distributed ledger technologies;

(the second paragraph of item 1 is in the edition of the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 17, 2026 No. PQ-143 [Resolution](/docs/8146414?ONDATE=20.04.2026 00#8147420) — , 04/20/2026, 07/26/143/0386-no)

preparation of qualified personnel with practical skills in the field of development and use of distributed ledger technologies using modern information and communication technologies;

comprehensive development of cooperation with international and foreign organizations in the field of activities related to crypto-assets and distributed ledger technologies, attracting highly qualified foreign specialists operating in the field of development of distributed ledger technologies to jointly implement projects in the digital economy;

creation of a necessary legal base for the introduction of distributed ledger technologies taking into account the advanced experience of foreign countries;

ensuring close cooperation between state bodies and business entities in the field of introduction of innovative ideas, technologies and developments for further development of the digital economy.

(item 1 is in the edition of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 27, 2022 No. PF-121 [Decree](/docs/5985785?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5989938) — , 04/28/2022, 06/22/121/0354-no)

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=04.07.2018 00#3897364) edition.

It is established that:

specific areas of activity in which distributed ledger technologies will be introduced are determined by the National Agency for Development of Priority Projects of the Republic of Uzbekistan (hereinafter referred to as the Agency) based on the proposals of interested ministries and departments;

drafts of regulatory and legal documents and technical specifications envisaging the development of the sphere of crypto-asset turnover and the introduction of distributed ledger technologies must be subject to mandatory expertise at the Agency;

the sphere of crypto-asset turnover is regulated by special regulatory and legal documents;

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5998240) edition.

operations related to crypto-asset turnover by legal and physical persons, including operations carried out by non-residents, are not considered objects of taxation until January 1, 2029, and income received from these operations is not included in the tax base for taxes and other mandatory payments;

(the fifth paragraph of item 2 is in the edition of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 18, 2024 No. PF-140 [Decree](/docs/7106760?ONDATE=19.09.2024 00#7106968) — , 09/19/2024, 06/24/140/0728-no)

currency operations related to crypto-asset turnover carried out by persons who have obtained a license in the established order for carrying out activities in the field of crypto-asset turnover are not subject to the norms of legislation on currency regulation.

(item 2 is in the edition of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 27, 2022 No. PF-121 [Decree](/docs/5985785?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5989943) — , 04/28/2022, 06/22/121/0354-no)

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=04.07.2018 00#3897371) edition.

It is established that:

a) a crypto-asset is considered property, has value and an owner, and is a collection of digital records in a distributed ledger;

b) types of activities in the field of crypto-asset turnover include:

mining;

activities of service providers in the field of crypto-asset turnover (hereinafter referred to as service providers);

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5998259) edition.

c) mining is the activity of maintaining a distributed ledger, creating and confirming blocks by performing computing operations.

Mining is carried out only by legal entities using electricity generated through solar photovoltaic stations, except for mining carried out in the territory of the special mining zone "Besqala Mining Valley".

If electricity is used while connected to the unified energy system:

payments for consumed electricity are made according to a 2-fold increasing coefficient relative to the established tariff, except for cases envisaged in Appendix 1 to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 22, 2025 No. PF-189 "On additional measures to further develop artificial intelligence technologies";

premiums established by the Cabinet of Ministers are applied to tariffs for electricity consumed during peak periods;

accounting for consumed electricity is carried out with the installation of a separate meter.

Mining is subject to mandatory registration by the Agency and does not belong to the types of activities subject to licensing.

Persons engaged in mining (miners) must register in the order established by legislative acts.

Registration of miners is carried out only in electronic form via the Internet network.

Miners must carry out their activities only at the address indicated at the time of registration, observing fire safety and sanitary norms and rules;

(sub-item "c" of item 3 is in the edition of the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 17, 2026 No. PQ-143 [Resolution](/docs/8146414?ONDATE=20.04.2026 00#8147422) — , 04/20/2026, 07/26/143/0386-no)

d) service providers provide physical or legal persons, including on their behalf, services for purchasing, selling and (or) exchanging, storing, issuing, placing and managing crypto-assets.

Service providers can only be resident legal entities of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Types of service providers include:

crypto-exchange — an organization providing an electronic platform for purchasing, selling and (or) exchanging crypto-assets;

mining pool — an organization providing an electronic platform for combining computing power for the purpose of ensuring the mining process;

crypto-depository — an organization providing an electronic platform and (or) a set of technical and software tools for providing services for issuing, initial placement and storage of crypto-assets;

crypto-shop — an organization providing an electronic platform and (or) a set of technical and software tools for providing services for purchasing and (or) selling crypto-assets;

other types of service providers established by decisions of the Agency;

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5998281) edition.

e) starting from January 1, 2023, citizens and legal entities of the Republic of Uzbekistan carry out operations for purchasing, selling and (or) exchanging crypto-assets only through national providers in the established order, except for cases established by legislative acts;

(sub-item "e" of item 3 is in the edition of the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 17, 2026 No. PQ-143 [Resolution](/docs/8146414?ONDATE=20.04.2026 00#8147433) — , 04/20/2026, 07/26/143/0386-no)

See: Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 2, 2018 No. PQ-3926 "On measures to organize the activity of crypto-exchanges in the Republic of Uzbekistan", Rules for carrying out crypto-asset trades at a crypto-exchange approved by Order No. 33 of the Director of the National Agency for Development of Priority Projects of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 18, 2022 Rules (registry number 3379, August 15, 2022).

f) the Agency:

determines the procedure for passing through licensing and permitting procedures in the field of crypto-asset turnover;

determines the procedure for issuance, registration and circulation of crypto-assets by residents of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

g) the amount of the state duty and the procedure for its payment for issuing a license to carry out activities in the field of crypto-asset turnover are determined by the Agency;

d) all amounts of the state duty collected from issuing a license to carry out activities in the field of crypto-asset turnover are transferred to the account of the licensing body;

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5998291) edition.

e) licensing requirements and conditions for the activities of service providers include:

the presence of an electronic platform and (or) a set of technical and software tools located on servers in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

storage of information on all operations related to crypto-assets, identification data of platform participants, materials related to the relations of service providers with platform participants (including among platform participants), including correspondence, for five years;

compliance with the requirements of the legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan on combating the legalization of income from criminal activity, financing of terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, as well as on the storage and use of personal data in the field of crypto-asset turnover;

compliance with requirements prohibiting the dissemination of information about the effectiveness (income) of activities related to the use of crypto-assets, including in advertising in the field of crypto-asset turnover, promising returns, stating that transactions with crypto-assets are an easy way to enrich, and stating that crypto-assets cannot be used as a means of payment or acceptance of payment in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan (except for cases established by legislative acts);

non-performance of operations with anonymous crypto-assets;

free provision of information related to platform activities upon request of the authorized body;

consent with the licensing body for the realization of the share in the authorized capital of the licensee to physical and legal persons, including non-residents;

consent with the licensing body for the replacement of the management of the licensee (director and his deputies), as well as the head of the structural subdivision on combating the legalization of income from criminal activity, financing of terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their financing;

other requirements in accordance with legislative acts.

The following are considered additional licensing requirements and conditions for crypto-exchanges:

carrying out the quotation of crypto-assets based on demand and supply for them;

the presence of a formed authorized fund (capital) in the amount of at least five thousand times the base calculation indicator in the form of monetary funds on the date of application, of which three thousand times are placed in a separate account at a commercial bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

f) the functions of controlling the compliance of service providers with the legislative acts on combating the legalization of income from criminal activity, financing of terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction are entrusted to the licensing body of service providers' activities and the relevant authorized state bodies;

g) the authorized fund of service providers is formed only from the funds and other property of its founders. It is not allowed to attract borrowed or pledged funds and other similar funds to form the authorized fund of service providers;

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5998327) edition.

h) legal entities pay fees for carrying out activities in the field of crypto-asset turnover. Fees are distributed between the State Budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Agency, except for cases envisaged by legislative acts.

The amount of fees, the procedure for their payment and distribution are carried out on the basis of the procedure approved by the Agency together with the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Tax Committee;

(sub-item "h" of item 3 is in the edition of the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 17, 2026 No. PQ-143 [Resolution](/docs/8146414?ONDATE=20.04.2026 00#8147449) — , 04/20/2026, 07/26/143/0386-no)

i) miners using equipment and devices for solar photovoltaic stations have the right to use tax, customs and other benefits and preferences in the field of renewable energy in the order established by legislative acts;

See: Chapter 3 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the Use of Renewable Energy Sources" Chapter 3.

j) in case of detection of illegal connection of persons engaged in mining to the unified energy system, a 5-fold increasing coefficient is applied to them;

k) licenses issued for crypto-exchange activities until January 1, 2022, are re-registered in accordance with the requirements of this resolution without collection of state duties and fees.

(item 3 is in the edition of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 27, 2022 No. PF-121 [Decree](/docs/5985785?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5989950) — , 04/28/2022, 06/22/121/0354-no)

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5998347) edition.

The following are granted to:

a) service providers:

the right to set remuneration for provided services, including in the form of crypto-assets, the amount of remuneration and the procedure for collecting it from customers;

the right to organize transactions aimed at purchasing and (or) alienating crypto-assets from residents and non-residents of the Republic of Uzbekistan for national and foreign currencies, as well as exchanging crypto-assets for other crypto-assets;

b) crypto-shops to store customers' funds in the established order by the Agency starting from the moment the transaction is carried out and the corresponding record appears in the distributed ledger, only through an electronic platform;

c) miners are granted the right to sell and (or) exchange crypto-assets obtained as a result of mining through national crypto-exchanges or foreign platforms, including through direct contracts. In this case, it is allowed to exchange crypto-assets obtained as a result of mining for other highly liquid crypto-assets and subsequently sell them through national crypto-exchanges or foreign platforms, including through direct contracts. The income from the sale of crypto-assets obtained as a result of mining (including those exchanged for other highly liquid crypto-assets) must be transferred to the accounts of banks in the Republic of Uzbekistan.

(item 4 is in the edition of the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 17, 2026 No. PQ-143 [Resolution](/docs/8146414?ONDATE=20.04.2026 00#8147452) — , 04/20/2026, 07/26/143/0386-no)

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=04.07.2018 00#3897383) edition.

(item 5 is lost in force on the basis of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 24, 2021 No. PF-6268 [Decree](/docs/5525180?ONDATE=24.07.2021 00#5534488) — , 07/24/2021, 06/21/6268/0700-no)

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=04.07.2018 00#8158442) edition.

The following procedure is established, according to which:

a) the Republic of Uzbekistan is recognized as the place of carrying out an operation with crypto-assets (hereinafter referred to as the operation) if at least two of the following criteria are present simultaneously:

one of the parties to the operation is a resident of the Republic of Uzbekistan (physical or legal person);

the operation is carried out on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

the operation is carried out using an IP address registered in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan and (or) a mobile phone number with the international code of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

settlements for the operation are carried out using a bank card issued by a commercial bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan or payment processing and clearing are carried out on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan;

services for carrying out the operation are intended for customers living in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including when provided or advertised in the state language;

b) the Agency is granted the following powers:

to check the activities of foreign legal entities (hereinafter referred to as foreign legal entities) providing illegal services in the field of crypto-asset turnover to residents of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In this case, the legislation on state control over the activities of business entities of the Republic of Uzbekistan is not applied to these inspections;

to apply fines to foreign legal entities for violation of legislative acts in the field of crypto-asset turnover. In this case, 50 percent of this fine is directed to the account of the licensing body.

(item 5 was introduced on the basis of the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 17, 2026 No. PQ-143 [Resolution](/docs/8146414?ONDATE=20.04.2026 00#8147459) — , 04/20/2026, 07/26/143/0386-no)

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=04.07.2018 00#3897384) edition.

The following are prohibited:

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5998364) edition.

a) management of service providers by:

persons involved or suspected of involvement in terrorist activities or the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction;

persons suspected or convicted of committing economic crimes, as well as the legalization of income from criminal activity, financing of terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, organized crime, illegal trade in narcotic drugs, corruption and crimes related to information technology, whose suspicion or conviction has not been removed or expired;

persons permanently residing, staying or registered in states that do not participate in international cooperation in the field of combating the legalization of income from criminal activity, financing of terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction;

(sub-item "a" of item 6 is in the edition of the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 17, 2026 No. PQ-143 [Resolution](/docs/8146414?ONDATE=20.04.2026 00#8147470) — , 04/20/2026, 07/26/143/0386-no)

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5998371) edition.

b) participation in the authorized fund of service providers of:

persons specified in sub-item "a" of this item;

companies registered in states that do not participate in international cooperation in the field of combating the legalization of income from criminal activity, financing of terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction;

(sub-item "b" of item 6 is in the edition of the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 17, 2026 No. PQ-143 [Resolution](/docs/8146414?ONDATE=20.04.2026 00#8147470) — , 04/20/2026, 07/26/143/0386-no)

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5998382) edition.

c) the use of crypto-assets as a means of payment or acceptance of payment in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan, except for cases established by legislative acts;

(sub-item "c" of item 6 is in the edition of the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 27, 2025 No. PQ-359 [Resolution](/docs/7864242?ONDATE=28.11.2025 00#7867020) — , 11/28/2025, 07/25/359/1106-no)

d) the implementation of hidden mining (activity related to carrying out mining on the computing power of third parties using special software without notifying them or without their consent) and mining of anonymous crypto-assets (crypto-assets operating on the principle of anonymity) are prohibited.

(item 6 is in the edition of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 27, 2022 No. PF-121 [Decree](/docs/5985785?ONDATE=28.04.2022 00#5990002) — , 04/28/2022, 06/22/121/0354-no)

[View previous](/docs/3806053?ONDATE=04.07.2018 00#3897385) edition.

Taking into account the requirements of this resolution, the Agency:

a) Ensure the adoption and implementation of regulations on licensing the activities of service providers in the field of crypto-asset turnover, on the procedure for registering crypto-asset mining, on the procedure for the issuance, registration of issuance, and circulation of crypto-assets by residents of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and on the procedure for registering participants in the special regulatory regime in the field of crypto-asset turnover (the "Regulatory Sandbox" special regime);

b) Ensure that proposals are submitted to the Presidential Administration of the Republic of Uzbekistan to introduce amendments and additions to the Laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On State Duty" and "On Licensing, Permitting, and Notification Procedures" in coordination with interested ministries and agencies.

(Parenthetical 7 of the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-121 dated April 27, 2022 — , April 28, 2022, No. 06/22/121/0354)

The control over the implementation of this resolution shall be entrusted to the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan A.N. Aripov and Sh.M. Sadikov, Director of the National Agency for Project Management under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Sh. MIRZIYOYEV
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Tashkent,

July 3, 2018,
No. PQ-3832

(National Database of Legislative Acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan, July 4, 2018, No. 07/18/3832/1452; July 24, 2021, No. 06/21/6268/0700; April 28, 2022, No. 06/22/121/0354; September 19, 2024, No. 06/24/140/0728; November 28, 2025, No. 07/25/359/1106; April 20, 2026, No. 07/26/143/0386)

Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to develop the digital economy and the sphere of crypto-asset turnover in the Republic of Uzbekistan"

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