Regulatory AlertsFintech & Payments regulation by country
137 jurisdictions, compiled from the primary-source documents we track and refreshed monthly. Open a country for the full picture — laws, licensing, restrictions — with every claim cited.
Asia-Pacific
| Jurisdiction | Stance | Lead regulator | Key law |
|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | Regulated | Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) | Corporations Act 2001 |
| Fiji | Regulated | Reserve Bank of Fiji | National Payment System Act 2021 |
| Hong Kong | Regulated | Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) and Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) | Banking Ordinance; Securities and Futures Ordinance; Stablecoins Ordinance |
| Japan | Regulated | Financial Services Agency (FSA) | Payment Services Act (2021 revision) |
| Mongolia | Partially regulated | Bank of Mongolia | Law of Mongolia on Central Bank (2022) |
| New Zealand | Regulated | Reserve Bank of New Zealand | Anti-Money Laundering and Countering Financing of Terrorism Act 2009 |
| Samoa | Regulated | Central Bank of Samoa | Financial Institutions Act 1996; National Payment System Act 2014 |
| Solomon Islands | Regulated | Central Bank of Solomon Islands | Payment Systems Act 2022 |
| South Korea | Regulated | Financial Services Commission (FSC) | Act on Electronic Financial Transactions (2024 revisions) |
| Taiwan | Regulated | Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) | Virtual Asset Service Provider Act (2026) |
Central Asia
| Jurisdiction | Stance | Lead regulator | Key law |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Regulated | Central Bank of Kazakhstan (CBK) and Astana Financial Services Authority (AFSA) | Law on Payment Systems and Payment Services (National); AIFC Rules on Providing Money Services (AIFC) |
| Kyrgyzstan | Regulated | National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic | Regulation on the Licensing of Payment Organizations and Payment System Operators (2019) |
| Tajikistan | Regulated | National Bank of Tajikistan | Law on Payment Services and the Payment System (referenced in 2022 regulations) |
Europe
| Jurisdiction | Stance | Lead regulator | Key law |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | Regulated | Bank of Albania | Regulation No. 59/2021 on the Licensing of Payment and Electronic Money Institutions |
| Armenia | Regulated | Central Bank of Armenia | Law of the Republic of Armenia On Crypto Assets (2025) |
| Austria | Regulated | Austrian Financial Market Authority (FMA) | Payment Services Act 2018 (ZaDiG 2018) |
| Azerbaijan | Regulated | Central Bank of Azerbaijan | Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Payment Services and Payment Systems (2025) |
| Belgium | Regulated | Financial Services and Markets Authority (FSMA) | Law of 2 August 2002 on the supervision of the financial sector |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Partially regulated | Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina (CBH/BHCB) | Law on the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2008) |
| Bulgaria | Regulated | Bulgarian National Bank | Law on Payment Services and Payment Systems (transposing PSD2) |
| Croatia | Regulated | Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency (HANFA) | Act on Payment Services (ZPUS-2) and Act on Electronic Money (ZPEP) |
| Cyprus | Regulated | Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC) | Market in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) |
| Czech Republic | Regulated | Czech National Bank (CNB) | Act on Payment Services (transposing PSD2) and AML Act |
| Denmark | Regulated | Danish Financial Supervisory Authority (Finanstilsynet) | Act on Payment Services |
| European Union | Regulated | European Banking Authority (EBA) | Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) |
| Finland | Regulated | Finnish Financial Supervisory Authority (FIN-FSA) | Act on Payment Institutions and Electronic Money Institutions (2010/1116) and related EU regulations |
| France | Regulated | ACPR | Monetary and Financial Code (implementing PSD2 and EU MiCA) |
| Georgia | Regulated | National Bank of Georgia | Law of Georgia on Payment Systems and Payment Services (2021) |
| Germany | Regulated | Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) | German Banking Act (KWG) and Payment Services Supervision Act (ZAG) |
| Gibraltar | Regulated | Gibraltar Financial Services Commission (GFSC) | Proceeds of Crime Act 2015; Financial Services Act 2019 |
| Greece | Regulated | Bank of Greece | Law 4261/2014 (transposition of PSD2) |
| Guernsey | Regulated | Guernsey Financial Services Commission | Lending, Credit and Finance (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 2022 |
| Hungary | Regulated | Magyar Nemzeti Bank (MNB) | EU Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2) |
| Ireland | Regulated | Central Bank of Ireland | Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCAR) |
| Isle of Man | Regulated | Isle of Man Financial Services Authority | Financial Services Act 2008 |
| Italy | Regulated | Bank of Italy | Consolidated Banking Act (TUB) & Consolidated Law on Finance (TUF) |
| Kosovo | Regulated | Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo (CBK) | Regulation on Licensing of Crypto-Assets Service Operators Providing Exchange Services (2025) |
| Latvia | Regulated | Latvijas Banka (Bank of Latvia) | Law on the Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing; EU Payment Services Directive (PSD2) |
| Lithuania | Regulated | Bank of Lithuania | Law on Payment Services and Electronic Money (transposing EU PSD2/EMD2) |
| Luxembourg | Regulated | Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) | Law of 12 July 2005 on the financial sector (LFS); Law of 13 June 2017 on payment accounts |
| Moldova | Regulated | National Bank of Moldova | Law No. 114/2012 on payment services and electronic money |
| Montenegro | Regulated | Central Bank of Montenegro | Payment System Law (2023) |
| Netherlands | Regulated | De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) and Autoriteit Financiële Markten (AFM) | Financial Supervision Act (Wet op het financieel toezicht, Wft) |
| Norway | Regulated | Finanstilsynet (Norwegian Financial Supervisory Authority) | Financial Enterprises Act |
| Poland | Regulated | Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF) | Act on Payment Services (2011) implementing PSD2 |
| Portugal | Regulated | Banco de Portugal | Law No. 83/2017 (transposing PSD2) |
| San Marino | Regulated | Banca Centrale della Repubblica di San Marino | Regulation No. 2020-04 on Payment Services and Electronic Money Issuance |
| Serbia | Regulated | National Bank of Serbia | Law on Payment Services (2025) and Law on Digital Assets (2021) |
| Slovakia | Regulated | Národná banka Slovenska (NBS) | Act No. 492/2009 Coll. on Payment Services (as amended) |
| Slovenia | Regulated | Banka Slovenije | Banking Act; Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2) |
| Spain | Regulated | Bank of Spain | Royal Decree 736/2019 |
| Sweden | Regulated | Finansinspektionen | Payment Services Act (2010:751) and Electronic Money Act (2011:755) |
| Switzerland | Regulated | Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) | Banking Act (Banking Act of 8 November 1934) |
| Turkey | Regulated | Capital Markets Board of Turkey (CMB) | Communiqué Regarding Principles on the Establishment and Operation of Crypto Asset Service Providers (2025) |
| United Kingdom | Regulated | Financial Conduct Authority | Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 |
Latin America & Caribbean
| Jurisdiction | Stance | Lead regulator | Key law |
|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina | Regulated | Banco Central de la República Argentina (BCRA) | National Payments System (SINAP) Regulations |
| Aruba | Regulated | Centrale Bank van Aruba (CBA) | State Ordinance on the Supervision of Money Transfer Companies (SOSMTC) |
| Bahamas | Regulated | Central Bank of The Bahamas | Banks and Trust Companies Regulation Act 2020 |
| Barbados | Regulated | Central Bank of Barbados | National Payment System Act, 2021 |
| Belize | Regulated | Central Bank of Belize | National Payment System Act, 2023 (Amendment) and National Payment System Regulations, 2024 |
| Brazil | Regulated | Central Bank of Brazil (BCB) | BCB Resolutions and Normative Instructions (e.g., No. 522, 760, 542) |
| British Virgin Islands | Regulated | Financial Services Commission | Virtual Assets Service Providers Act, 2022 |
| Cayman Islands | Partially regulated | Cayman Islands Monetary Authority (CIMA) | Securities Investment Business Act (SIBA) |
| Colombia | Regulated | Banco de la República | Law 1676 of 2013 (AML/CFT) |
| Dominican Republic | Regulated | Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores (SIMV) / Central Bank of the Dominican Republic (BCRD) | Law No. 183-02 (Monetary and Financial Law) and Law No. 249-17 (Securities Law) |
| Ecuador | Regulated | Banco Central del Ecuador | Resolution JPRM-2024-018-M (2024) |
| El Salvador | Regulated | Comisión Nacional de Activos Digitales (CNAD) | Ley de Emisión de Activos Digitales (2024) |
| Haiti | Regulated | Banque de la République d’Haïti (BRH) | Decree of November 14, 1980; Circular 121 (2021) |
| Jamaica | Regulated | Bank of Jamaica | Banking Services Act 2014; Microcredit Act 2021 |
| Nicaragua | Partially regulated | Superintendencia de Bancos y de Otras Instituciones Financieras (SIBOIF) | Various SIBOIF Resolutions (2020-2025) |
| Panama | Unregulated | Superintendencia de Bancos de Panama (SBP) / Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores (SMV) | Decree-Law 1 of 1999 (Securities Market) |
| Peru | Regulated | Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores (SMV) | Regulations on Participatory Financing Activity (Crowdfunding) |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | Regulated | Eastern Caribbean Central Bank | Banking Act 2015 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Regulated | Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago | Virtual Assets and Virtual Asset Service Providers Act 2025 |
Middle East, North Africa, Pakistan
| Jurisdiction | Stance | Lead regulator | Key law |
|---|---|---|---|
| Algeria | Unregulated | Commission d'Organisation et de Surveillance des Operations de Bourse (COSOB) | No specific fintech or payments act identified in source documents |
| Bahrain | Regulated | Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB) | Law No. (23) of 2025 Amending Provisions of the Law of Commerce |
| Egypt | Regulated | Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) | Central Bank and Banking System Law No. 194 of 2020 |
| Iraq | Regulated | Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) | Interim Securities Markets Law No. 74 of 2004; CBI Electronic Payment Guidelines |
| Israel | Regulated | Bank of Israel | Payment Services Law, 5778-2018 |
| Jordan | Regulated | Central Bank of Jordan | Securities Law No. 18 of 2017 |
| Kuwait | Regulated | Central Bank of Kuwait | Circular No. 2/BS, IBS, FS, IFS, ES, PS/524/2023 on Instructions for Regulating Electronic Payment Funds |
| Lebanon | Regulated | Banque du Liban (Central Bank of Lebanon) | Code of Money and Credit; Basic Decision No. 7548 (Electronic Banking and Financial Operations) |
| Libya | Regulated | Central Bank of Libya (CBL) | Law No. 1 of 2005 |
| Oman | Partially regulated | Central Bank of Oman (CBO) | Central Bank of Oman and Financial Institutions Law (2023) |
| Pakistan | Regulated | State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) | Anti-Money Laundering Act, 2010 |
| Palestine | Regulated | Palestine Monetary Authority | Law No. 41 of 2022 concerning National Payments |
| Qatar | Regulated | Qatar Central Bank (QCB) | Law No. (7) of 2010 (Commercial Law amendments) & Law No. 8 of 2012 (QFMA) |
| Saudi Arabia | Regulated | Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) | Payments and Payment Services Law (2020) |
| Tunisia | Regulated | Banque Centrale de Tunisie (Central Bank of Tunisia) | Circular No. 2018-61 (Payment Institutions) and Law No. 2020-37 (Crowdfunding) |
| United Arab Emirates | Regulated | Central Bank of the UAE (CBK) | Federal Decree-Law No. 6 of 2025 |
North America
| Jurisdiction | Stance | Lead regulator | Key law |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | Regulated | FINTRAC and Provincial/Territorial Securities Commissions (via CSA) | Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act (PCMLTFA) and Provincial Securities Acts |
| United States | Regulated | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | GENIUS Act (2026) |
South Asia
| Jurisdiction | Stance | Lead regulator | Key law |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bangladesh | Regulated | Bangladesh Bank | Bank Company Act, 1991 |
| India | Regulated | Reserve Bank of India (RBI) | Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 |
| Maldives | Regulated | Maldives Monetary Authority | National Payment System Act (2021) |
| Sri Lanka | Regulated | Central Bank of Sri Lanka | Payment and Settlement Systems Act No. 40 of 2005 |
Southeast Asia
| Jurisdiction | Stance | Lead regulator | Key law |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indonesia | Regulated | Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) | Financial Sector Development and Strengthening Law (Law No. 4 of 2023) |
| Malaysia | Regulated | Securities Commission Malaysia | Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 |
| Myanmar | Regulated | Central Bank of Myanmar | Myanmar Central Bank Mobile Financial Services Regulations (2016) |
| Philippines | Regulated | Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas | Manual of Regulations for Payment Systems (MORPS) and BSP Circular No. 1238 |
| Singapore | Regulated | Monetary Authority of Singapore | Payment Services Act 2019 |
| Thailand | Regulated | Securities and Exchange Commission Thailand | Emergency Decree on Digital Asset Businesses B.E. 2561 (2018) as amended |
| Vietnam | Regulated | State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) | Decree 80/2016/ND-CP on Payment Services |
Sub-Saharan Africa
| Jurisdiction | Stance | Lead regulator | Key law |
|---|---|---|---|
| Angola | Regulated | Banco Nacional de Angola (BNA) | Law No. 14/21 (Financial System Organization and Supervision) |
| Botswana | Regulated | Bank of Botswana | Banking Act 2023 |
| Burundi | Regulated | Banque de la République du Burundi (BRB) | Law No. 1/07 of May 11, 2018 on the National Payment System |
| Cameroon | Regulated | Bank of Central African States (BEAC) | CEMAC Regulation No. 03 on Payment Systems (2016) |
| Cape Verde | Partially regulated | Bank of Cape Verde (Banco de Cabo Verde) | Law on Financial Activities and Institutions (LAIF) No. 62/VIII/2014 |
| Comoros | Regulated | Banque Centrale des Comores (BCC) | Law N°20-005/AU on Payment Services and Payment Service Providers (2020) |
| Djibouti | Regulated | Banque Centrale de Djibouti | Circular No. 2025-01 and Circular No. 2026-01 |
| DR Congo | Regulated | Banque Centrale du Congo (Central Bank of the Congo) | Central Bank of the Congo Instructions (e.g., No. 58, 62, 006, 007) |
| Eswatini | Regulated | Central Bank of Eswatini | National Payments System Act of Eswatini, 2023 |
| Ethiopia | Regulated | National Bank of Ethiopia | Proclamation No. 1359/2025; Proclamation No. 1360/2025 |
| Gambia | Partially regulated | Central Bank of The Gambia | Banking Act, 2009 |
| Ghana | Regulated | Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Bank of Ghana (BoG) | Securities Industry Act, 2016 (Act 928) and Virtual Asset Service Providers Act, 2025 |
| Guinea | Regulated | Banque Centrale de la Republique de Guinee (BCRG) | Ordinary Law on Inclusive Financial Institutions (2017) |
| Kenya | Regulated | Central Bank of Kenya | Virtual Asset Service Providers Act, 2025 |
| Lesotho | Regulated | Central Bank of Lesotho | Payment Systems Act, 2014 |
| Liberia | Regulated | Central Bank of Liberia | Payment Systems Act of Liberia (2014) |
| Madagascar | Regulated | Banky Foiben'i Madagasikara (BFM) / Commission de Supervision Bancaire et Financière (CSBF) | Law No. 2016-056 on Electronic Money and Electronic Money Institutions |
| Malawi | Regulated | Reserve Bank of Malawi (Registrar of Financial Institutions) | Financial Services Act No. 26 of 2010 |
| Mauritania | Partially regulated | Banque Centrale de Mauritanie | Law No. 2018-036 bis (2018) |
| Mauritius | Regulated | Bank of Mauritius | National Payment Systems Act 2018 |
| Mozambique | Regulated | Bank of Mozambique (Banco de Moçambique) | Law No. 20/2020 on Credit Institutions and Financial Companies (LICSF) |
| Namibia | Regulated | Bank of Namibia | Payment System Management Act, 2023 |
| Nigeria | Regulated | Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) | Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA), 2020 |
| Rwanda | Regulated | National Bank of Rwanda | Law No. 061/2021 Governing the Payment System |
| Sao Tome and Principe | Regulated | Banco Central de Sao Tome e Principe (BCSTP) | Law No. 17/2018 (Legal Regime of the National Payments System) |
| Senegal | Regulated | Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO) | BCEAO Instruction No. 001-01-2024 on Payment Services |
| Seychelles | Regulated | Financial Services Authority of Seychelles | Virtual Asset Service Providers Act, 2024 |
| Sierra Leone | Regulated | Bank of Sierra Leone | Payments System Act 2009 |
| Somalia | Regulated | Central Bank of Somalia | Mobile Money Regulations 2020 (Amended 2021); Money Transfer Business Licensing Regulations 2014 |
| South Africa | Regulated | Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA) | Financial Sector Regulation Act 2017; Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act 2002 |
| Tanzania | Regulated | Bank of Tanzania | National Payment Systems Act, 2015; Microfinance Act, 2018 |
| Uganda | Regulated | Bank of Uganda | National Payment Systems Act 2020 |
| Zambia | Regulated | Bank of Zambia | National Payment Systems Act |
| Zimbabwe | Regulated | Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe | National Payment Systems Act |