BCB Resolution No. 550 — Establishes Accounting Criteria for Virtual Assets

Resolution No. 550

BCB RESOLUTION NO. 550, OF FEBRUARY 26, 2026

Establishes the criteria to be observed by consortium administrators, payment institutions, securities brokerage firms, securities distribution firms, foreign exchange brokerage firms, and virtual asset service providers

in the accounting recognition, measurement, and disclosure of virtual assets.

The Collegiate Board of the Central Bank of Brazil, in a session held on February 24, 2026, based on arts. 9º-A of Law No. 4,728, of July 14, 1965, 6º and 7º, caput, item III, of Law No. 11,795, of October 8, 2008, 9º, caput, item II, and 15 of Law No. 12,865, of October 9, 2013, 6º of Law No. 14,478, of December 21, 2022, and 1º and 2º of Decree No. 11,563, of June 13, 2023,

RESOLVES:

CHAPTER I

OBJECT AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION

Art. 1º This Resolution establishes the accounting criteria to be observed by consortium administrators, payment institutions, securities brokerage firms, securities distribution firms, foreign exchange brokerage firms, and virtual asset service providers in the recognition, measurement, and disclosure of virtual assets referred to in art. 3º of Law No. 14,478, of December 21, 2022.

Sole Paragraph. The provisions of this Resolution do not apply:
I - to assets that are a virtual representation of assets whose recognition and measurement criteria are provided for in specific regulation; and II - to assets and liabilities that fall within the definition of a financial instrument provided for in current regulation.

CHAPTER II

CRITERIA FOR RECOGNITION, MEASUREMENT, AND DE-RECOGNITION

Section I

Assets Acquired or Received

Art. 2º The assets mentioned in art. 1º, caput, must be initially recognized:
I - in the case of acquisition, at the value actually paid; or II - in other cases, at fair value, as provided in specific regulation, on the date:
a) of fulfillment of the performance obligation, in the case of assets received through the provision of services; or b) of receipt, in the case of assets received free of charge.

Art. 3º After initial recognition, the institutions mentioned in art. 1º, caput, must measure, at least monthly, upon interim and annual financial statements, virtual assets at fair value, in accordance with current regulation, computing appreciation or depreciation in counterpart to an appropriate revenue or expense account in the period's result.

§ 1º The provisions of the caput do not apply:
I - to virtual assets issued by entities belonging to the same economic group, which must be measured, at least monthly, at the lower of cost and fair value, determined in accordance with specific regulation, net of selling expenses, recognizing changes in this value in counterpart to the period's result; and II - to virtual assets designed in the form of non-fungible tokens, which must be measured at cost, net of provisions for impairment losses, determined in accordance with specific regulation.

§ 2º The recoverable amount of the assets referred to in item II of § 1º must be determined, at least:
I - annually; and
II - whenever there is evidence or new facts indicating a significant reduction in this value.

Art. 4º The assets mentioned in art. 1º, caput, must be de-recognized if:
I - they are sold;
II - there is a substantial transfer of risks and benefits; or III - they are discontinued.

§ 1º For the purposes of item III of the caput, the following situations constitute indications of asset discontinuation:
I - abandonment or extinction of the project or protocol to which the virtual asset is linked; II - delisting from relevant exchanges, brokers, or platforms; III - loss of economic value or liquidity; IV - regulatory or legal restriction on the use of the virtual asset; and V - other situations indicating that the virtual asset no longer meets the criteria for definition or recognition of assets provided for in specific regulation.

§ 2º The institution must establish consistent and verifiable criteria, duly documented, to configure the discontinuation referred to in this article.

§ 3º Gains or losses determined upon de-recognition must be recognized by the institutions mentioned in art. 1º in the period's result.

Section II

Issued Virtual Assets

Art. 5º Obligations arising from the issuance of virtual assets by the institution itself, in accordance with specific regulation, must be recognized:
I - as a financial liability, when there is an obligation to deliver money or another financial asset; or II - as a non-financial liability, at the value provided for the settlement of the obligation, when there is an obligation to deliver a non-financial asset.

§ 1º If the institution does not assume any type of commitment or obligation in the issuance of virtual assets, the amounts received must be recognized as revenue in the period's result.

§ 2º The liabilities mentioned in items I and II of the caput must be de-recognized when the obligation is fully fulfilled.

Section III

Custodied Virtual Assets

Art. 6º Third-party virtual assets in custody must be recorded in a clearing account, using the measurement criteria provided in art. 3º, caput and § 1º, and revalued, at least monthly, upon interim and annual financial statements.

Art. 7º Third-party virtual assets in custody used in own operations must be recognized in liabilities, according to the nature of the operation, at the fair value of the custodied virtual asset.

CHAPTER III

DISCLOSURE

Art. 8º The institutions mentioned in art. 1º, caput, must disclose in explanatory notes, clearly and objectively, regarding the assets covered by this Resolution:
I - the description of accounting criteria and procedures related to recognition and measurement, such that users of financial statements can make an adequate judgment regarding the accounting policies adopted; II - the description of the main risks associated with each category of virtual asset; III - for assets held or received measured in accordance with art. 3º, caput:
a) the quantities and their variations in the reporting period, segregated by nature; b) the carrying amount at initial recognition and at the reporting date, segregated by nature; c) the fair value by hierarchy level; d) gains and losses recognized in the result arising from fair value adjustments; e) gains and losses recognized in the result arising from de-recognition; and f) the principal trading market; IV - for assets held or received measured in accordance with art. 3º, § 1º:
a) the quantities and their variations in the reporting period, segregated by nature; and b) changes in the carrying amount during the period; V - for virtual assets issued by them:
a) the description of their nature; b) variations in the best estimate of the outflow of resources to settle the obligation at the beginning and end of the reporting period; and c) the quantities and their variations in the reporting period, segregated by nature; and VI - for third-party virtual assets in custody, the quantities and values, highlighting variations in fair value at the beginning and end of the reporting period.

Sole Paragraph. The disclosure referred to in items III, IV, and V of the caput must be made for each relevant category and in an aggregated manner for categories not considered relevant.

CHAPTER IV

FINAL PROVISIONS

Art. 9º The Central Bank of Brazil may determine adjustments to the models adopted by institutions for fair value assessment of the assets covered by this Resolution, if it identifies inadequacy in the definition of these models.

Art. 10. The institutions mentioned in art. 1º, caput, must keep available to the Central Bank of Brazil the documentation that clearly and objectively evidences the criteria used for the measurement of the assets covered by this Resolution, for a minimum period of five years, counted from the date of measurement, or for a longer period due to legal or regulatory determination.

Art. 11. The institutions mentioned in art. 1º, caput, must apply the provisions of this Resolution prospectively from the date of its entry into force.

Sole Paragraph. The effects of adjustments resulting from the application of the accounting criteria established by this Resolution must be recorded in counterpart to the accumulated profits or losses account, net of the effects of taxes.

Art. 12. This Resolution enters into force on January 1, 2027.

GILNEU FRANCISCO ASTOLFI VIVAN

Director of Regulation