BPR131 Standardised Credit Risk RWAs - 1 October 2026 — RBNZ — NZ

Ref #21378357 v1.0

For this marked up version of the BPR, text in red indicates changes that were included in the April 2026 exposure draft. Text in blue indicates changes made for the final version post consultation. BPR131 Standardised Credit Risk RWAs Purpose of document This document sets out the standardised approach for calculating risk-weighted assets (RWAs) on credit risk exposures. The calculation of credit risk RWAs is part of the calculation of capital ratios, as defined in BPR100 and BPR130, which a bank must carry out to determine its compliance with minimum regulatory capital requirements. A bank must calculate all of its credit risk RWAs using the methodology in this document, unless it has been accredited by the Reserve Bank to use the internal-ratings based approach (an IRB bank). An IRB bank must also use the methodology in this document for calculating RWAs on certain credit risk exposures, in the cases specified in BPR130. Banking Prudential Requirements October 2026

BPR131 1
Document version history
1 July 2021 First issue date
1 October 2021 Minor layout changes
1 October 2023 Revised for technical changes
1 April 2024 Revised for technical changes
1 July 2024 Revised for technical changes
1 October 2026 Revised for technical changes
Conditions of registration
The Banking (Prudential Supervision) Act 1989 (the Act) permits the Reserve Bank to impose conditions of registration (conditions) on registered banks1 . This document BPR131: Standardised Credit Risk RWAs forms part of the requirements for the following conditions:*  A New Zealand-incorporated registered bank is normally subject to a condition requiring it to maintain capital ratios above specified minimum levels, and also to a condition imposing restrictions on its dividend payments when its prudential capital buffer ratio falls below specified levels2 . This document sets out the standardised risk-weighting methodology for credit risk RWAs that will be needed by such a bank to allow it to calculate its day-to-day values for the capital ratios and the capital buffer ratio, and hence monitor its compliance with these capital adequacy conditions.

All of the material set out in this document forms part of the requirements of the
applicable condition, except material that is expressly identified as guidance by being included in a shaded box like this. ____________ 1 The conditions can relate to any of the matters referred to in sections 73 – 73B, 78 and 81. The standard conditions are contained in Appendix 1 of document BS1: Statement of Principles. 2 These conditions of registration relate to the matter referred to in: section 78(1)(c) (capital in relation to the size and nature of the business).

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BPR131: Standardised Credit Risk RWAs
Part A: Standardised approach to credit risk RWAs
Part B: Standardised rating grades
Part C: Risk weights for credit exposures
Part D: Equivalent exposure amounts for off-balance sheet exposures
Part E: Counterparty credit risk (CCR)
Part F: Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) capital charge
Part G: Central counterparties (CCPs)
Contents
Part A: Standardised approach to credit risk
RWAs
A1 Overview
A1.1 Purpose of document
A1.2 When provisions of this document apply
A1.3 Calculation of credit risk RWAs
A1.4 Components of credit risk RWA calculation A1.5 Calculation of risk-weighted exposures across all borrowers or counterparties A1.6 Calculation of total RWAs for all other assets A1.7 Calculation of RWA for CVA capital charge A1.8 Credit risk RWAs from trades cleared across CCPs
Part B: Standardised rating grades
B1 Credit ratings
B1.1 Introduction
B1.2 Rating agency credit ratings
B1.3 Credit ratings must be solicited
B1.4 Issue-specific credit ratings
B1.5 Inferred ratings
B1.6 Restrictions on use of inferred ratings
B1.7 Multiple ratings
B2 Rating grades
B2.1 “Unrated” grade when no rating agency credit rating applies B2.2 Rating grades for short-term credit ratings B2.3 Rating grades for long-term ratings
Part C: Risk weights for credit exposures
C1 Overview
C1.1 Introduction
C2 Risk weights for items other than
RMLs
C2.1 Currency, gold and cash items
C2.2 Claims on sovereigns and central banks
C2.3 Claims on public sector entities
C2.4 Multilateral development banks and other international organisations C2.5 Claims on banks C2.6 Banks: sovereign floor for unrated claims C2.7 Claims on corporates C2.8 Corporates: sovereign floor for unrated claims C2.9 Banks and corporates: issue-specific short-term ratings C2.10 Floor on unrated bank and corporate claims C2.11 Banks: unrated claims up to 3 months when other claims have short-term credit ratings

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C2.12 Past due non-mortgage loans
C2.13 Measure of equity exposure
C2.14 Equity
C2.15 Fixed assets
C2.16 Leased assets
C2.17 Bank as lessor
C2.18 Other assets
C2.19 Exposures to small and medium enterprises (SME) C2.20 Farm lending exposures C2.21 Community housing provider loans C2.22 Guardians of New Zealand Superannuation Fund C3 Risk weights for RMLs C3.1 Introduction C3.2 Meaning of RML C3.3 Classification of RMLs C3.4 Definitions applying in relation to RMLs C3.5 Loan-to-valuation ratio (LVR) C3.6 Requirements for residential property valuation policy C3.7 Eligible property valuer C3.8 Valuation provided by professional valuation service C3.9 Conditions for qualifying lender’s mortgage insurance C3.10 RMLs not past due C3.11 Past due RMLs C3.12 RMLs where Kāinga Ora is the LMI provider for 100% of losses
Part D: Equivalent exposure amounts for offbalance sheet exposures
D1 Overview
D1.1 Introduction
D2 Credit equivalent amount (CEA)
D2.1 Calculating CEAs for off-balance sheet items D2.2 CCFs for off-balance sheet exposures
Part E: Counterparty credit risk (CCR)
E1 Overview
E1.1 Introduction
E1.2 Recognition of collateral
E1.3 Calculation of RWAs for counterparty credit risk E1.4 Other RWA calculations using CEA E2 CEA for single derivative E2.1 Calculation of CEA for derivatives E2.2 Future risk factors for derivatives other than credit derivatives E2.3 Future risk adjustments for credit derivatives E3 CEA for bilaterally-netted derivatives E3.1 Conditions E3.2 Calculation of net credit equivalent exposure E3.3 Calculation of net exposure for derivatives with same currency and maturity E4 CEA for SFTs E4.1 Calculation of CEA for SFTs
Part F: Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA)
capital charge
F1 Overview
F1.1 Introduction
F2 Calculation of CVA capital charge
F2.1 CVA capital charge calculation:
general case
F2.2 CVA capital charge calculation: no eligible hedges F2.3 CVA capital charge calculation: no eligible hedges, only one counterparty F2.4 CVA capital charge: risk weights F2.5 CVA capital charge: conditions on hedges
Part G: Central counterparties (CCPs)
G1 Introduction
G1.1 Exposures arising from trades settled via CCPs G1.2 Meaning of qualifying central counterparty (QCCP) G2 QCCP capital requirements

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G2.1 Bank is QCCP clearing member acting on own behalf G2.2 Bank is client of QCCP clearing member G2.3 Bank is QCCP clearing member acting for client G2.4 Treatment of posted collateral G3 Non-qualifying CCP capital requirements G3.1 Requirements for exposures to nonqualifying CCPs

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Part A: Standardised approach to credit risk RWAs
A1 Overview
A1.1 Purpose of document
This document sets out the methodology for calculating risk-weighted assets (RWAs) for credit risk, under the standardised approach. A1.2 When provisions of this document apply

A standardised bank must use the approach in this document to calculate RWAs for all
of the credit exposures that fall within the scope of the definitions in this document.
An IRB bank must use the approach in this document to calculate RWAs in any of the
cases where Part C of BPR130 specifies that standardised RWAs are required.
This document also requires the bank to calculate RWAs for certain other assets that are
included on the accounting balance sheet but do not give risk to credit risk. Guidance: These assets include, for example, fixed assets: see section C2.15.
The bank must calculate RWAs for all credit exposures and other assets covered by
subsections (1) to (3) that fall within the scope specified in section A1.3 of BPR130. A1.3 Calculation of credit risk RWAs
In the standardised approach, RWAs for credit risk are calculated by risk weighting on
and off-balance sheet exposures to credit risk according to broad categories of relative credit risk, as set out in this Part.
The following general limitations and requirements apply in relation to the calculation of
standardised RWAs:
an asset deducted from capital must not be included in risk weighted exposures:
the value of an exposure to be used for the calculation of RWAs must be the value after deducting any impairment allowances attributable to the exposure:
Guidance: The impairment allowances attributable to an exposure include any loss allowance for expected credit loss individually assessed on the exposure, and the portion of any collectively assessed impairment allowance that is allocated to the exposure. This deduction applies both to impairment allowances recognised on on-balance sheet assets, and to impairment allowances recognised on commitments and financial guarantee contracts, for which the calculation approach is set out in section D2.1 where a net (unrealised) gain on a foreign exchange contract or an interest rate contract has been taken to retained earnings via the profit and loss account, the corresponding balance sheet asset must be excluded from RWAs in order to avoid double counting.

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A1.4 Components of credit risk RWA calculation To calculate total credit risk RWAs under the standardised approach, a bank must sum the following amounts:
a. the total risk-weighted credit exposures across all counterparties calculated in accordance with section A1.5; and the total RWAs for all other assets on the balance sheet in accordance with section A1.6; and the RWA equivalent of the capital charge for credit valuation adjustment (CVA) in accordance with section A1.7; and credit risk RWAs arising from trades settled on Central Counterparties (CCPs), other than exposures to counterparties already captured under subsection (a), calculated in accordance with section A1.8. A1.5 Calculation of risk-weighted exposures across all borrowers or counterparties To calculate risk-weighted exposures across all counterparties the bank must– a. allocate each borrower or counterparty giving rise to an on- or off-balance sheet claim to the relevant exposure class; and for any exposure other than a residential mortgage loan (RML), allocate a standardised rating grade to the exposure following the approach in Part B; and Guidance: The standardised rating grades include a grade of “unrated” for any exposure meeting the conditions of section B2.1. determine the applicable risk-weight for the exposure according to either–
i. the exposure class and rating grade (see sections C2.2 to C2.12); or
ii. in the case of a RML, the classification, loan-to-valuation ratio, and
lender’s mortgage insurance conditions (see subpart C3); and calculate any on-balance sheet exposure amount for a borrower in accordance with
section A1.3(2)(b); and
for any off-balance sheet exposure arising from a transaction of a type listed in Table D2.2, calculate the credit-equivalent amount (CEA) according to subpart D2 and use Table D2.2 to identify which entity determines the applicable risk weight; and calculate the CEA for any counterparty credit risk (CCR) arising from derivatives or securities financing transactions (SFTs) with the counterparty according to Part E; and

BPR131 7 calculate the total risk-weighted exposure for each borrower or counterparty, by multiplying the risk-weight, determined under paragraph (c), by the sum of the on-balance sheet amounts and off-balance sheet CEA amounts for that counterparty, determined under paragraphs (d) to (f); and if credit risk mitigation is in place on an exposure to a borrower or counterparty, apply any allowable adjustments to the risk-weight, the exposure amount, or both (as the case may be), in the calculation in paragraph (g), in accordance with BPR132; and sum the total of all risk-weighted exposures. A1.6 Calculation of total RWAs for all other assets To calculate total RWAs for all other assets, the bank must– a. allocate all amounts on the balance sheet (under the applicable scope of calculation) that are not specified in section A1.5 to one of the following categories:
i. currency, gold and cash items (see section C2.1); or
ii. equity holdings (see sections C2.13 and C2.14); or
iii. fixed assets (see section C2.15); or
iv. leased assets (see section C2.16); or
v. exposures arising for the bank as lessor (see section C2.17); or
vi. other assets (see section C2.18); and
multiply that amount by the risk weights indicated.
A1.7 Calculation of RWA for CVA capital charge The bank must calculate the contribution of the credit valuation adjustment (CVA) capital charge to total risk-weighted credit exposures in accordance with the following formula:
12.5 x K
where K is the CVA capital charge calculated in accordance with Part F. Guidance: The CVA capital charge is a single number calculated across all of the bank’s counterparties for non-centrally-cleared derivatives, based on the total CEA for each counterparty, calculated in accordance with Part E.
Part G provides that in some cases, the bank’s involvement in the central clearing
of a derivative gives rise to an exposure which the bank must treat as a bilateral trade, and in these cases the CEA of the trade must also be included in the CVA calculation.

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A1.8 Credit risk RWAs from trades cleared across CCPs

For a bank calculating capital ratios using the standardised approach, the contribution to
credit risk RWAs from trades involving a CCP is the sum of the following amounts, as applicable to the particular bank:
if the bank is a clearing member of a Qualifying CCP (QCCP) clearing its own trades, the risk-weighted exposure calculated in accordance with section G2.1:
if the bank is a non-member transacting with a QCCP using a clearing member as intermediary, the risk-weighted exposure calculated using the applicable method specified in section G2.2:
Guidance: The method used depends on whether the transaction meets the conditions in subsections G2.2(3), G2.2(4) or G2.2(5) respectively. if the bank is a clearing member of a QCCP acting for a client, the risk-weighted exposure calculated in accordance with section G2.3:
if the bank has posted collateral, either as a clearing member of a QCCP or as a client of a clearing member, the risk-weighted exposure amount calculated in accordance with section G2.4:
Guidance: This calculation includes the credit risk both on the assets posted and on the counterparty holding the collateral. for any trade settled through a non-qualifying CCP, a credit risk exposure calculated in accordance with subsection G3.1(1) and (2), following the treatment for a non-centrally cleared bilateral trade, with the CEA calculated under subsection A1.5(f) and the risk-weight determined under subsection A1.5(c):
if the bank has contributed to a non-qualifying CCP’s default fund, a risk-weighted exposure calculated in accordance with subsections G3.1(4) and (5). Guidance: Unless the conditions for using the risk weights in Part G are satisfied, a bank must calculate the RWA for a trade exposure (TE) to a CCP using the CEA methodology in subsection A1.5(f) and the risk-weight determined under subsection A1.5(c).
For an IRB bank, the contribution to credit risk RWAs from trades involving a CCP is
the sum of the amounts specified in subsection (1), except in the case of trades involving counterparties for which–
Part G specifies that the trade exposure must be risk-weighted using the bank’s
approach applicable to a bilateral exposure to the counterparty; and the counterparty is a modelled exposure for the bank.

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Part B: Standardised rating grades
B1 Credit ratings
B1.1 Introduction
This subpart sets out the approach a bank must use to determine the standardised rating grades to be used for risk-weighting exposures to credit risk in accordance with Part C. Guidance: For residential mortgages, the risk-weighting categories take into account loan-to-valuation ratios (LVRs) and lender’s mortgage insurance arrangements. For other types of exposure, credit ratings from independent credit rating agencies are used as a basis for determining risk weights. B1.2 Rating agency credit ratings

Only a credit rating produced by one of the rating agencies listed in subsection (2) may
be used for determining the rating grade to be used for risk-weighting a credit risk exposure.
The rating agencies are–
Standard & Poor’s:
Moody’s Investor Services:
Fitch Ratings:
AM Best, but only for risk-weighting credit risk exposures to New Zealand licensed insurers. Guidance: For details of the criteria the Reserve Bank uses for deciding whether or not to approve a credit rating agency see BS1: Statement of Principles,
Appendix 3, and in relation specifically to licensed insurers, see the Reserve Bank
document “Rating agency approval: Guidelines – Insurance Sector”.
B1.3 Credit ratings must be solicited3
Except in the case of the rating grade for a sovereign, a bank may determine the rating grade of a credit exposure by using a credit rating from one of the rating agencies specified in section B1.2, but only if the credit rating has been– a. solicited from the rating agency; and paid for by either–
i. the entity giving rise to the credit exposure; or
ii. a commercial associate of that entity.

3 Sovereign exposures are excluded from the requirement to use solicited ratings.

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Guidance: This includes an issue-specific credit rating of a debt issue, in which case the entity giving rise to the credit exposure is the debt issuer. B1.4 Issue-specific credit ratings

When the bank has a claim on a borrower in the form of a holding in a specific debt issue
made by the borrower, and the debt issue carries a specific credit rating from a rating agency, the bank must determine the rating grade for the claim using that issue-specific credit rating.
If a debt issue has issue-specific credit ratings from two or more rating agencies, all such
ratings apply to the determination of the rating grade, which must be determined in accordance with section B1.7. B1.5 Inferred ratings
For the purpose of this section, an unassessed claim is any claim that the bank has on a
borrower that is not a holding in a specific debt issue with one or more issue-specific ratings in terms of section B1.4.
Subject to section B1.6, if a borrower has a long-term issuer credit rating, the bank must
treat any unassessed claim on the borrower falling within the scope of that rating as having the same credit rating. Guidance: A long-term issuer rating typically applies to senior unsecured claims, and in that case, subsection (2) means that the bank must treat all senior unsecured claims on the borrower as having that issuer credit rating. The range of possible long-term and issuer credit ratings is shown in Table B2.3.
Subject to section B1.6, if the bank has an unassessed claim on an issuer that does not
have an inferred rating arising from subsection (2), the bank must determine the rating grade for the claim using the long-term credit rating for another claim on the issuer if– the unassessed claim ranks pari passu or senior to that other claim in all respects; or both—
i. the unassessed claim does not rank pari passu or senior to that other
claim in all respects; and
ii. that other claim has an rating that maps, via its rating grade, to a less
favourable risk weight than that for an unrated claim of the same type. Guidance: Subsection (3)(b) is intended to ensure that a claim on an issuer is not given a more favourable risk weight than a higher-ranking claim on the same issuer by relying on the treatment for unrated claims.

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4. The bank must not determine the rating grade for an unassessed claim on a borrower
using an issue-specific short-term credit rating of another claim on the borrower. Guidance: In the cases provided for in sections C2.10 and C2.11, a short-term credit rating of one claim on a borrower may affect the risk-weighting of another claim on the borrower that is unrated in terms of Part B. The range of possible rating agency short-term credit ratings is shown in Table B2.2.
5. If the requirements of this section result in an unassessed claim receiving inferred
ratings from two or more rating agencies, the bank must take account of all such inferred ratings in determining the rating grade, following the approach set out in section B1.7. B1.6 Restrictions on use of inferred ratings The following restrictions apply to inferred ratings:
a credit rating of a claim denominated in domestic currency must not be inferred from a credit rating of a claim denominated in a foreign currency. a credit rating of a claim denominated in a foreign currency must not be inferred from a credit rating of a claim denominated in a domestic currency. a credit rating of a claim on an entity in a corporate group must not be inferred from a credit rating of a claim on another entity in the same group. B1.7 Multiple ratings

If the approach in sections B1.2 to B1.6 applied to a particular claim produces two credit
ratings that apply to the claim, and those two credit ratings correspond to different rating grades and different risk weights, the bank must use the credit rating that produces the higher risk weight.
If the approach in sections B1.2 to B1.6 applied to a particular claim produces three or
more credit ratings that apply to the claim, and those credit ratings correspond to different rating grades and more than one risk weight, the bank must use a credit rating that produces the higher of the two lowest risk weights. B2 Rating grades B2.1 “Unrated” grade when no rating agency credit rating applies The rating grade for a claim is “unrated” if no credit rating produced by a rating agency applies to the claim. Guidance: Typically, if a borrower has a long-term issuer rating, most claims on the borrower that do not have an issue-specific credit rating will have a credit rating inferred from the issuer rating. An unrated claim may for example be a claim in a different currency to the currency of the issuer rating, or a claim that is subordinated to senior claims to which the issuer rating applies.

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B2.2 Rating grades for short-term credit ratings The rating grade for a short-term rating is the rating grade that corresponds to a rating agency’s credit rating according to Table B2.2.
Table B2.2
Rating grades for short-term credit ratings
Short-term rating grade
Rating agency credit ratings
Standard & Poor’s
Corporation
Moody’s
Investor Services
Fitch Ratings AM Best
1 A-1 P-1 F-1 AMB-1
2 A-2 P-2 F-2 AMB-2
3 A-3 P-3 F-3 AMB-3
4 Other
B2.3 Rating grades for long-term ratings
The rating grade for a long-term or issuer credit rating is the rating grade that corresponds to the rating agency’s credit rating according to Table B2.3.
Table B2.3
Rating grades for long-term and issuer credit ratings Rating grade Rating agency credit ratings Standard & Poor’s Corporation Moody’s Investor Services Fitch Ratings AM Best 1 AAA AA+ AA AAAaa Aa1 Aa2 Aa3 AAA AA+ AA AAaaa aa+ aa aa2 A+ A AA1 A2 A3 A+ A Aa+ a a3 BBB+ BBB BBBBaa1 Baa2 Baa3 BBB+ BBB BBBbbb+ bbb bbb4 BB+ BB BBBa1 Ba2 Ba3 BB+ BB BBbb+ bb bb-

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Rating grade Rating agency credit ratings
Standard &
Poor’s
Corporation
Moody’s Investor
Services
Fitch Ratings AM Best
5 B+
B
BB1
B2
B3
B+
B
Bb+ b b6 CCC+
CCC
CCCCC
C
D
Caa1
Caa2
Caa3
Ca
C
CCC+
CCC
CCCCC
C
D ccc+ ccc ccccc c

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Part C: Risk weights for credit exposures
C1 Overview
C1.1 Introduction

This Part sets out the risk weights to be applied to different categories of counterparty, for
the purpose of calculating RWAs for credit exposures to those counterparties.
The risk-weights apply equally to credit exposures arising from on-balance sheet claims,
and to the CEAs of off-balance sheet credit exposures and counterparty credit risk arising on derivatives and SFTs, as defined in Parts D and E.
Where the risk weight for a claim is determined by reference to the rating grade for the
claim, the rating grade is as determined in Part B.
C2 Risk weights for items other than RMLs
C2.1 Currency, gold and cash items
A 0% risk weight applies to:
notes and coins held on site; and gold bullion held:
i. in own vaults; or
ii. on an allocated basis and backed by bullion liabilities.
A cash item in the process of collection from another bank must be treated as a claim on
that bank with a maturity of three months or less.
Guidance: Subsection (2) includes, for example, cheques, drafts, or other items drawn on other registered banks or overseas banks that are payable immediately upon presentation and that are in the process of collection. C2.2 Claims on sovereigns and central banks
A 0% risk weight applies to a claim on the Crown or the Reserve Bank that is
denominated in New Zealand dollars.
The risk weight for a claim on the Crown or the Reserve Bank that is not denominated in
New Zealand dollars, or for a claim on any other sovereign or its central bank, is determined by the rating grade for the claim in accordance with Table C2.2.

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Table C2.2
Risk weights for claims on other sovereigns and their central banks Rating grade Risk weight (%) 1 0 2 20 3 50 4 100 5 100 6 150 unrated 100 If there is no credit rating for a central bank, a credit rating for its sovereign may be used to infer a rating grade for the central bank. Guidance: An implicit guarantee from a sovereign to another entity does not qualify that other entity for a lower risk weight than would otherwise apply. Any consideration of the use of explicit guarantees should be done in accordance with BPR132: Credit Risk Mitigation. As set out in BPR132, when there is an issue-specific rating, if the rating agency has considered the impact of the relevant guarantee in those credit ratings, then additional credit risk mitigation is not permitted. C2.3 Claims on public sector entities The risk weight for a claim on a public sector entity (PSE) is determined by the sovereign rating grade for a claim on the country in which the PSE is located, in accordance with Table C2.3.
Table C2.3
Risk weights for claims on PSEs
Sovereign rating grade Risk weight (%)
1 20
2 50
3 100
4 100
5 100

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Sovereign rating grade Risk weight (%)
6 150 unrated 100
Guidance: Public sector entity includes the New Zealand Local Government Funding Agency Limited. It does not include other council-controlled trading organisations, which will generally qualify as ‘corporate’ under BPR131. C2.4 Multilateral development banks and other international organisations

A 0% risk weight applies to a claim on a body listed below (the lowest-risk multilateral
development banks and supranationals)–
World Bank Group, comprising–
i. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development:
ii. International Finance Corporation:
iii. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency:
iv. International Development Association:
Asian Development Bank:
African Development Bank:
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development:
Inter-American Development Bank:
European Investment Bank:
European Investment Fund:
Nordic Investment Bank:
Caribbean Development Bank:
Islamic Development Bank:
Council of Europe Development Bank:
International Finance Facility for Immunization; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank; Bank for International Settlements:
International Monetary Fund:
European Central Bank:

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European Union:
European Stability Mechanism:
European Financial Stability Facility.
2. The risk weight for a claim a multilateral development bank or quasi-sovereign
development bank listed below (other development bank) is determined by the rating grade for the claim in accordance with Table C2.4. Export Development Canada; Export-Import Bank of Korea; KfW Bankengruppe; Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank; Korea Development Bank; and Swedish Export Credit Corporation.
Table C2.4
Risk weights for claims on other development banks Rating grade Risk weight (%) 1 20 2 50 3 50 4 100 5 100 6 150 unrated 50 C2.5 Claims on banks

The risk weight for a claim on a bank, other than a claim that has a short-term rating
grade, is determined by the rating grade of the claim, in accordance with either– columns 1 and 2 of Table C2.5, if the claim has an original and effective maturity of not more than 3 months; or columns 1 and 3 Table C2.5, if the claim has an original and effective maturity of more than 3 months.
If the counterparty bank has issued any instrument that has an issue-specific short-term
rating grade, the risk weights specified in subsection (1) are subject to the additional requirements of sections C2.9 to C2.11.

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Table C2.5
Risk weights for claims on banks
Rating grade Risk weight for a claim with an original maturity of 3 months or less (%) Risk weight for a claim with an original maturity of more than 3 months (%) 1 20 20 2 20 30 50 3 20 50 4 50 100 5 50 100 6 150 150 unrated, subject to sections C2.6 and C2.10 20 50 Guidance: the three month maturity date of three-month bank bills aligns with the New Zealand financial market maturity convention, with a maximum maturity of 104 days. C2.6 Banks: sovereign floor for unrated claims The risk weight for an unrated claim on a bank (whether its original maturity is 3 months or less, or more than 3 months) is the greater of:
the risk weight for the claim under section C2.5; and the risk weight of the sovereign territory in which the bank is incorporated. C2.7 Claims on corporates
3. The risk weight for a claim on a corporate, is determined by the rating grade for the claim
in accordance with Table C2.7 unless the claim:
a. Is a claim that has a short-term rating grade b. is for an SME loan under section C2.19
c. a farm lending exposure under section C2.20
d. is an exposure to the Guardians of New Zealand Superannuation under
section 2.22,
Table C2.7
Risk weights for claims on corporates

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Rating grade Risk weight (%)
1 20
2 50
3 100
4 100
5 150
6 150 unrated, subject to sections C2.8,
C2.10 and C2.19
100
4. If the corporate has issued any instrument that has an issue-specific short-term rating
grade, the risk weights specified in subsection (1) are subject to the additional requirements of sections C2.9 and C2.10.
5. To avoid doubt, all aspects of the RWA treatment applying in this subpart to claims on
corporates applies to all claims on all types of corporates, including, for example, claims on the following types of entity:
a securities firm:
an insurance entity:
a state enterprise:
a Crown entity:
a non-bank deposit-taker.
C2.8 Corporates: sovereign floor for unrated claims The risk weight for an unrated claim on a corporate is the greater of:
a. the risk weight determined for the claim under section C2.7; and the risk weight of the sovereign territory in which the corporate is incorporated. C2.9 Banks and corporates: issue-specific short-term ratings

This section specifies the risk weights to be applied where a claim on a bank or corporate
has been given an issue-specific short-term credit rating by a rating agency. Guidance: In subsection (1), “short-term” does not denote any particular maximum maturity: rather, it refers to the nature of the rating agency credit rating. The possible rating agency short-term credit ratings and the corresponding short-term rating grades are set out in Table B2.2.

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2. The risk weight for a claim on a bank or corporate that has a short-term issue-specific
credit rating is determined by the short-term rating grade for the claim in accordance with Table C2.9.
Table C2.9
Risk weights for claims on banks and corporates with short-term ratings Short-term rating grade Risk weight (%) 1 20 2 50 3 100 4 150 C2.10 Floor on unrated bank and corporate claims

Subsection (2) applies to a counterparty bank that has any outstanding debt issue with a
short-term rating grade that attracts a risk weight of either 50% or 100% under Table C2.9.
Any claim on a bank referred to in subsection (1) that has an original and effective
maturity of 3 months or less and is unrated in terms of section B2.1 must be risk-weighted at 100%.
Subsection (4) applies to a counterparty bank or corporate that has any outstanding debt
issue with a short-term rating grade that attracts a risk weight of 150% under Table C2.9.
Any claim on a bank or corporate referred to in subsection (3) that is unrated in terms of
section B2.1 must be risk-weighted at 150%.
Guidance: Subsection C2.10(2) overrides the risk-weighting treatment for unrated claims on banks with up to 3 months’ original maturity, provided in column 2 of Table C2.5. Subsection C2.10(4) overrides the risk-weighting treatment for unrated claims on banks or corporates in Tables C2.5 and C2.7, regardless of maturity. These treatments apply whether or not the bank owns any of the outstanding debt issue that determines the risk-weighting of the claim. C2.11 Banks: unrated claims up to 3 months when other claims have short-term credit ratings If a counterparty bank has one or more issues outstanding that have an issue-specific short-term credit rating, the bank must risk-weight any unrated claim on the counterparty that has an original and effective maturity of not more than 3 months using the greater of:
the risk weight derived in accordance with section C2.5 and columns 1 and 2 of Table C2.5; and

BPR131 21 the highest risk weight applying under Table C2.9 to any of the issues with shortterm rating grades. Guidance: The effect of this section is that the general preferential risk-weighting treatment in Table C2.5 for claims up to 3 months on banks is overridden if the counterparty has issued any debt with an issue-specific short-term credit rating that leads to a higher risk weight under Table C2.9. C2.12 Past due non-mortgage loans

The risk weights in this section apply to any 90 day past due asset other than a RML,
community housing provider loan under C2.21, or Kāinga Whenua loans under C2.18(2).
The amount to be risk-weighted is the portion of the asset that is not secured by eligible
collateral, guarantee or credit derivative in accordance with BPR132, net of any allowance for expected credit losses that is attributable to the asset.
The risk weight is either:
150%, if the attributable allowance for expected credit losses for the loan is less than 20% of the outstanding amount of the loan; or 100%, if the attributable allowance for expected credit losses for the loan is equal to or greater than 20% of the outstanding amount of the loan. Guidance: The allowance for expected credit losses attributable to an asset refers to the loss allowance assessed on the asset on an individual basis, or the portion of any collectively assessed allowance that is allocated to the asset (or both). C2.13 Measure of equity exposure
For risk-weighting an equity exposure as required by section C2.14, the measure of the
exposure is the current book value, including revaluations, net of any allowances for impairment.
A short position in an individual equity or a derivative, held in the banking book, is
permitted to offset a long position in the same individual equity provided that the instrument– has been explicitly designated as a hedge of the specific equity holding; and has remaining maturity of at least one year.
Any other short position in an equity must be treated as if it was a long position, with the
relevant risk-weight applied to the absolute value of the position. C2.14 Equity The risk weight for an equity holding is:
300% if the holding is in an equity instrument that is included in the NZX50 or an overseas equivalent share market index; or if the holding is an equity stake in the New Zealand Business Growth Fund,

BPR131 22
i. 250% for a holding up to a maximum of 2% of the bank’s CET1
capital; and
ii. 400% for any holding in excess of 2% of the bank’s CET1 capital; or
in all other cases, 400%.
C2.15 Fixed assets
The risk weight for any investment in premises, plant, equipment, or other fixed asset is 100%. C2.16 Leased assets If the bank or a member of the banking group has a right-of-use asset as lessee— a. if the underlying asset is tangible the asset must be risk-weighted at 100%; and if the underlying asset is intangible, it must be included in the deduction from CET1 capital for goodwill and other intangibles, required by section B1.3 of BPR110. C2.17 Bank as lessor

If the bank has provided lease financing to a counterparty, except in the case that the
bank is exposed to residual value risk, the value of the exposure must be risk-weighted using the risk weight applicable to the counterparty. Guidance: If the leased asset is eligible as collateral in BPR132, the bank may adjust the RWA for credit risk mitigation.
If the bank is exposed to residual value risk–
the discounted lease payment stream must be risk-weighted using the risk-weight applicable to the counterparty; and the residual value must be risk-weighted at 100%.
For the purpose of this section, residual value risk is the bank’s exposure to potential
loss due to the fair value of the equipment declining below its residual estimate at lease inception. Guidance: For an IRB bank calculating the RWA for a counterparty within a modelled exposure class, the standardised risk-weighting treatment in section C2.17 applies to any residual value risk, but the applicable IRB risk-weighting treatment in BPR133 applies to the exposure to the lessee. C2.18 Other assets
A 100% risk weight must be applied to any on-balance sheet asset that falls within the
scope of calculation specified in section A1.3 of BPR130 and for which the bank has not calculated an RWA either as provided in this subpart or subpart C3 or, in the case of an IRB bank, as an IRB modelled exposure in accordance with BPR133.

BPR131 23
Guidance: For a bank using the standardised methodology, these “other assets” include, for example, loans to personal customers other than RMLs.
2. Notwithstanding subsection (1) above, a risk weight of 20% applies to any Kāinga Whenua
loan product (being a loan secured against a residential dwelling situated on Māori land, where Kāinga Ora–Home and Communities is the LMI provider), provided that the LMI covers 100% of the potential loss faced by the bank. This condition applies regardless of whether or not the loan is past due, so long as LMI covers 100% of the potential loss faced by the bank. C2.19 Exposures to small and medium enterprises (SME)

An exposure to an SME is an exposure to an unrated corporate counterparty with total
annual revenue of less than $50 million, provided that where the counterparty is part of a corporate group it may only be treated as an SME exposure if the total consolidated annual revenue for the group is less than $50 million. However, when a corporate counterparty’s total annual revenue cannot reasonably be ascertained and the exposure is less than $5 million, the deposit taker may treat the exposure as an SME exposure.
A deposit taker may apply the risk weights in table C2.19 to its SME exposures.
Table C2.19: risk weights for SME exposures
Risk weights (%)
SME retail 75
SME corporate 85
To be risk-weighted as SME retail, the following criteria must be satisfied:
the exposure is in the form of a small business lending facility or commitment. This category excludes:
i. Exposures secured by residential property
ii. derivatives, and
iii. other securities such as bonds and equities; and
the maximum aggregated exposure to the SME counterparty is less than $2 million. For this purpose:
iv. aggregated exposure means the gross amount of all exposures to the
SME and any related parties, excluding the application of any credit risk mitigation. For off-balance sheet exposures, the gross amount must be calculated after applying CCFs; and
v. the SME counterparty means either a single SME, or where the SME
forms part of a corporate group, the group
Any SME exposure not risk-weighted as SME retail must be risk weighted as SME
corporate.

BPR131 24
Guidance: Small business loans extended through, or guaranteed by, an individual count towards the aggregated exposure of the SME. A business loan above the maximum aggregate threshold falls within the corporate exposure class, even if it is extended through, or guaranteed by, an individual. C2.20 Farm lending exposures

Farm lending exposures are a sub-class of the corporate claim category and are defined
as exposures to borrowers that are classified within ‘agriculture’ in ANZSIC06.
However, a farm lending exposure may be treated as a SME retail exposure if the
exposure meets the criteria in C2.19(1).
Guidance: ANZIC06 is the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification 2006, and codes in the range A011 to A019 are classified as agriculture.
The risk weight for a farm lending exposure that is not a 90 day past due asset is
determined by the LVR of the loan in accordance with Table C2.20a.
The risk weight for a farm lending exposure that is a 90 day past due asset is determined
by section C2.12.
When calculating the value component of a farm lending exposure LVR this may include
the value of the land and buildings, financial investments, livestock, plant and equipment, subject to the discount rates in Table C2.20b, and the valuation policy requirements in clause 7 of C2.20.
Banks accredited by the Reserve Bank to use the internal-ratings based approach may, for
the purposes of calculating total standardised equivalent RWAs in BPR130 C1.3, use discounts from their approved IRB models instead of those in Table C2.20b
Table C2.20a: risk weights for farm lending exposures
LVR Risk weight (%)
LVR does not exceed 30% 50
LVR > 30% and ≤ 50% 75
LVR exceeds 50% 100
To be eligible to use in calculating LVRs for farm lending exposures, a bank’s farm lending
valuation policy must –
Be approved by the bank’s board of directors
i. Require that, for the purposes of calculating the LVR for a farm lending
exposure over agricultural property, the bank uses one of the following

BPR131 25 methods of valuation for each component to be included in the value component of LVR:
ii. The purchase price of the property;
iii. A valuation provided by a registered valuer who specialises in rural
valuations who meets the conditions in section C3.7, and who is not associated with a person who has an interest in the property;
iv. Estimated realisable value when it can be substantiated.
The value of each component of property is discounted in line with the discount factors in table C2.20b Include guidance on the appropriate credit risk related use of different valuation products; Include guidance on the use of the purchase price of agricultural land; and Ensure that its application is invariant to the direction of the movement of agricultural land prices.
Table C2.20b: percentage of each potential farm lending component value to include when
calculating the LVR
Potential element of an agricultural loan Amount of the value that can contribute to the value for the LVR calculation Land and buildings 100% Livestock 50% Financial investments 50% Other 40% C2.21 Community housing provider loans

The risk weight for a community housing provider loan is determined by the LVR of the
loan in accordance with Table C2.21.
Table C2.21: risk weights for community housing providers
LVR Risk weight (%)
Does not exceed 50% 20

50% and ≤60% 25
60% and ≤70% 30
70% and ≤80% 35
80% and ≤90% 50
90% and ≤100% 75

BPR131 26
LVR Risk weight (%)
Exceeds 100% 100
2. Despite subclause (1), the risk weight for a community housing provider loan is
determined according to the following rules, if applicable:
a. if the loan relates to a property that is being used in the performance of a longterm Crown service provision contract, the risk weight is the lesser of:
i. the applicable risk weight in table C2.21; or
ii. 30%;
b. if the loan is subject to a Crown guarantee in respect of 80% of the lender’s losses, the risk weight is:
i. the applicable risk weight in table C2.21 multiplied by 20%, if subclause
(a) does not apply;
ii. the risk weight as determined under subclause (a) multiplied by 20%, if
subclause (a) applies;
3. Despite subclauses (1) and (2), the risk weight for a community housing provider loan that
is a 90 day past due asset is:
a. for a loan that is subject to a Crown guarantee in respect of 80% of the lender’s losses, the applicable risk weight in subclause (2)(b) multiplied by 120%; or b. in any other case, 120%.
4. A community housing provider loan is a loan that meets the following criteria:
a. the loan must be secured by a first ranking mortgage over a property used primarily for social rental housing or affordable rental housing purposes; b. the loan must fall within one of the following categories:
i. the loan is to a community housing provider;
ii. the loan is to a person in which a community housing provider:
A. owns at least 20%; or
B. has the ability to appoint at least 20% of the directors of the board;
iii. the loan is to a person that provides social rental housing or affordable
rental housing under a long-term Crown service provision contract; or
iv. the loan is to a person that has a contract with a community housing
provider for the lease of a property owned by that person, provided that the community housing provider uses that property in the performance of a long-term Crown service provision contract; and
v. the loan must be for the purposes of providing community housing
and must not be for other purposes including the purpose of financing construction or property development (even if that construction or

BPR131 27 property development is for the eventual purpose of providing social rental housing or affordable rental housing).
5. The LVR for a community housing provider loan must be calculated the same way as for
RML lending in section C3.5, with all necessary modifications.
6. The credit risk mitigation provided for under C2.21(2)(b) is the full recognition of the
Crown guarantee and no further recognition under BPR132 is permitted.
7. In this clause:
a. community housing provider means a housing provider (other than Kāinga Ora– Homes and Communities) that has, as one of its objectives, the provision of one or both of the following types of housing:
i. social rental housing;
ii. affordable rental housing;
b. long-term Crown service provision contract means a long-term contract with the Crown for the provision of social rental housing or affordable rental housing C2.22Guardians of New Zealand Superannuation Fund

The risk weight for an unrated claim on the Guardians of New Zealand Superannuation
(the Guardians) is 20%.
C3 Risk weights for RMLs
C3.1 Introduction
This subpart defines residential mortgage loan (RML), defines the subcategories of RML, defines the loan-to-valuation ratio (LVR) for an RML, and specifies eligibility conditions for lender’s mortgage insurance (LMI), in order to specify the risk-weight to be applied to an RML based on the type of loan, the LVR of the loan, and whether LMI is in place. C3.2 Meaning of RML
RML means a loan secured by a first ranking mortgage over a residential property used
primarily for residential purposes by the mortgagor, a related party of the mortgagor, or a tenant of the mortgagor.
A loan may not be classified as a RML if the mortgaged property is predominantly used
for farming or commercial activities.
A property will be considered to be predominantly used for farming or commercial
activity if, for example,– the mortgaged property would be marketed as a farm or a commercial property; or the principal or interest payments are predominantly serviced from the income generated by the use of the property for farming or commercial activity, except where that income is rental income and the property is used for a residential purpose.

BPR131 28
4. For the purpose of this section, predominantly means more than 50%.
C3.3 Classification of RMLs

A RML must be classified as either a standard RML or a reverse RML.
The diagram below depicts the sub-classification of RMLs.
A standard RML must be further sub-classified into either a non propertyinvestment RML or a property-investment RML.
C3.4 Definitions applying in relation to RMLs
The following definitions apply in respect of RMLs:
non property-investment RML means a standard RML secured over only owner-occupied residential property owner-occupied residential property means a property that meets the following criteria:
a legal and/or beneficial interest is held in the property by–
i. a natural person(s); and/or
ii. a related party(ies) of a natural person(s); and
a natural person(s) referred to in (i), or their spouse, civil union partner, or de facto partner, intends to occupy the property either as their principal or secondary residence (a secondary residence includes a holiday home or a second home that is primarily for the use of that person); and in respect of a secondary residence, no rental income is derived from that property, except to the extent that the rental income is minimal. Guidance: For example, where the secondary residence is a bach that is rented out for six weeks a year. property-investment RML means a standard RML that is not a non property-investment RML

BPR131 29 reverse RML means an RML for which payments of principal or interest are not due in accordance with an agreed repayment schedule, but rather on the occurrence of a specified trigger event, in which case the repayment of the loan is made from the proceeds of sale of the property standard RML means an RML that is not a reverse RML.
2. For the purposes of the definition of owner-occupied residential property, a person
(A) is a related party of a natural person (B) in any of the following situations:
A is the trustee of a trust and B is a beneficiary of that trust (including where A and B are the same person):
A is a company or an unincorporated body of persons (including a company or unincorporated body of persons that owns the property as trustee) and B is a shareholder of, or otherwise controls, A:
A is the administrator of the estate of the deceased spouse or partner (civil union or de facto) of B. C3.5 Loan-to-valuation ratio (LVR)

Subject to subsection (2), the loan-to-valuation ratio (LVR) for an RML is calculated by the
following formula:
100 property value loan value Loan-to-valuation ratio = × where– loan value is the total current amount of– all claims secured by way of first ranking mortgage over residential property; and all undrawn commitments to the borrower that when drawn down will be secured by way of first ranking mortgage over residential property. Guidance: Lending facilities that are not tied to, nor managed as part of, the RML and that are not normally treated as secured over the residential property (for example, credit cards or personal loans), do not need to be included in the LVR calculation. property value,– a. for a standard RML, or a reverse RML at the time of origination, is the total value of the residential property that is security for the loan, determined, when the loan is originated, under a residential property valuation policy that meets the eligibility criteria in section C3.6; and for a reverse RML, must be updated at least every three years and, at that time, is calculated using the following formula:

BPR131 30



≤
× > =
OR
OR
R
O R
VV
VV
V
)V%, (V if
Max 80 if or , Property value
Where–
VO is the total value of the residential property that is security for the RML determined at origination in accordance with subsection (a); and VR is the total value determined at the most recent three-yearly update under the bank’s residential property valuation policy.
2. If the property value for an RML has not been determined using an eligible valuation
approach in terms of subsection (1), the LVR of the loan for risk-weighting purposes is 150%. C3.6 Requirements for residential property valuation policy To be eligible for use in calculating LVRs, a bank’s residential property valuation policy must– be approved by the bank’s board of directors; and require that, for the purpose of calculating the LVR for a loan secured by a mortgage over a residential property, the bank uses one of the following methods of valuation:
i. the purchase price of the property;
ii. a property valuation provided by a valuer who meets the conditions in
section C3.7, and who is not associated with a person who has an
interest in the property; or
iii. a property valuation that is provided by a professional valuation service
and meets the conditions in section C3.8. include guidance on the appropriate credit risk-related use of different valuation products; and include guidance on the use of the purchase price of a residential property; and include guidance on the determination of the origination date; and ensure that its application is invariant to the direction of the movement of residential property prices; and for reverse mortgage loans, require that the property value is updated at least threeyearly. Guidance: The conditions set out in this section are the same as the conditions applying to residential property valuation policies for IRB credit risk RWAs, except that under the standardised approach, the additional condition (g) specific to reverse mortgage loans is included (compare section D3.4 of BPR133).

BPR131 31
C3.7 Eligible property valuer
The eligibility criteria for a property valuer referred to in section C3.6 are that the valuer is – a. a registered valuer, as defined in the Valuers Act 1948; or b. another person approved to provide valuation services by rules made under the Rating Valuations Act 1998; or
c. a person who meets the definition of valuer under the laws of another
country, provided that the Reserve Bank has confirmed in writing to the bank that it considers the laws of the other country to be at least as satisfactory as the requirements under the Valuers Act 1948. C3.8 Valuation provided by professional valuation service To be eligible for use in calculating an LVR, a property valuation provided by a professional valuation service must be either a. a statistical or modelled valuation based on market sales price data; or a valuation carried out by appropriately qualified valuation personnel overseen by a valuer who meets the conditions in section C3.7, and who is not associated with a person who has an interest in the property. C3.9 Conditions for qualifying lender’s mortgage insurance

LMI qualifies for the purpose of C3.10 and C3.11 if that insurance–
meets the conditions specified in subsections (2) and (3); or is provided by Kāinga Ora–Home and Communities.
The insurance provider providing the LMI must have an insurer financial strength rating
provided by Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s Investor Services, Fitch Ratings or A M Best listed in Table C3.9.
Table C3.9
Insurer Financial Strength Ratings
Standard & Poor’s Moody’s Investor
Services
Fitch Ratings A M Best
AAA
AA+
AA
AAA+
A
Aaa
Aa1
Aa2
Aa3
A1
A2
AAA
AA+
AA
AAA+
A aaa aa+ aa aaa+ a
The LMI used in any case must cover all losses realised in a default on the mortgage up
to an amount of no less than 40% of the loan value.

BPR131 32
4. In this section, loan value has the same meaning as in section C3.5.
C3.10 RMLs not past due

The risk weight for a RML that is not a 90 day past due asset is determined by the
classification, LVR and LMI status of the loan in accordance with Table C3.10.
Table C3.10
Risk weights for RMLs that are not 90 days past due Risk weight for a standard RML in % Risk weight for a reverse RML in % Loan-tovaluation ratio If there is lender’s mortgage insurance that qualifies under section C3.9 If there is no lender’s mortgage insurance or lender’s mortgage insurance that does not qualify under section C3.9 Nonproperty investment RML Property investment RML Non-property investment RML Property investment RML Does not exceed 50% 20 25 20 25 >50% and ≤60% 25 30 25 30 >60% and ≤70% 30 40 30 40 >70% and ≤80% 35 40 35 40 LVR <30% 40 >80% and ≤90% 35 50 50 70 LVR ≥30% - ≤60% 50 >90% and ≤100% 50 75 75 90 LVR >60% and ≤80% 80 Exceeds 100% 100 LVR >80% 100

BPR131 33
2. A reverse RML may only be recognised in the RML category up to the value of the
residential property used as security for the loan. Any excess of the loan over the property value is deducted from CET1 capital in accordance with BPR110: Capital definitions. Guidance: A reverse RML for which the loan amount is greater than the property value gives rise to a RWA equal to 100% of the property value and a deduction from CET1 capital equal to the loan value less the property value. There is no separate treatment for defaulted reverse RMLs. C3.11 Past due RMLs

The risk weight for a non-property investment RML without qualifying mortgage
insurance that is a 90 day past due asset is 100%.
The risk weight for a non-property investment RML with qualifying mortgage insurance
that is a 90 day past due asset is 80%.
The risk weight for property investment RML without qualifying mortgage insurance that
is a 90 day past due asset is 120%.
The risk weight for property investment RML with qualifying mortgage insurance that is a
90 day past due asset is 95%.
C3.12 RMLs where Kāinga Ora is the LMI provider for 100% of losses
Notwithstanding C3.10 and C3.11, the risk weight for a RML which meets the criteria in
subsection (2) is 20%.
The criteria is that:
Kāinga Ora–Home and Communities is the LMI provider (as per subsection C3.9(1)(b)); and the LMI covers 100% of potential loss faced by the bank.

BPR131 34
Part D: Equivalent exposure amounts for off-balance sheet
exposures
D1 Overview
D1.1 Introduction
This Part sets out the methodology to be used to define the credit equivalent amount (CEA) for the off-balance sheet credit exposure arising on specified types of transaction that create contingent liability, including lending commitments, and for identifying the entity to be used for determining the risk weight in accordance with Part C. Guidance: The methodology in this Part only applies directly to exposures being risk-weighted using the standardised approach. For IRB corporate specialised lending subject to the slotting approach, the method for calculating the CEA of contingent liabilities is specified in Subpart C9 of BPR133, and is based on the method in this Part with certain adaptations. For any other exposure to a counterparty within a modelled exposure class, an IRB bank must follow the approach in Subpart C5 or D5 of BPR133 for estimating the credit conversion factor (CCF). D2 Credit equivalent amount (CEA) D2.1 Calculating CEAs for off-balance sheet items

The CEA for an off-balance sheet item is intended to represent the amount of an onbalance sheet exposure that would expose the bank to equivalent credit risk.
The bank must calculate the CEA for an off-balance sheet exposure using the following
formula:
( ) credit equivalent credit conversion principal provision = amount factor amount amount × − where– credit conversion factor is the credit conversion factor (CCF) specified in section D2.2 for the off-balance sheet exposure principal amount is the principal amount of the off-balance sheet exposure provision amount is the amount of any loss allowance for expected credit losses for the exposure.
For the purpose of subsection (2), the principal amount of an off-balance sheet exposure
arising from a commitment or other lending facility is the undrawn amount of the facility.

BPR131 35
Guidance: Any amount that a borrower has drawn down under a commitment or other lending facility must be treated as an on-balance sheet exposure for the purpose of section A1.5.
4. For the purpose of this subpart, a commitment is any arrangement that has been offered
by the bank and accepted by the borrower to extend credit, purchase assets or issue credit substitutes, and the bank is considered to have made an offer when it communicates a lending limit to a client, or potential client, in writing. Guidance: An arrangement that does not advise a lending limit and solely stipulates the terms and conditions of future trades does not constitute a commitment for this purpose. D2.2 CCFs for off-balance sheet exposures

The credit conversion factor (CCF) for an off-balance sheet exposure of the type specified
in column 1 of Table D2.2 is the percentage specified in column 2 of Table D2.2.
The risk weight for an off-balance sheet exposure of the type specified in column 1 of
Table D2.2 is determined in accordance with column 3 of Table D2.2.
Guidance: In Table D2.2, counterparty type means that the risk weight is the same as that applying to an on-balance sheet claim on the counterparty to the transaction. Type of asset or issuer of securities means the risk weight is the risk-weight that would apply to an asset of the type involved in the transaction if it was held on the balance sheet, rather than the risk weight for the counterparty:
in particular, if the asset is a holding of securities, the risk weight is that applying to the issuer of securities. The applicable on-balance sheet risk weights are those specified in Part C. A credit card facility with standard terms is normally eligible for a 0% CCF, provided that any outstanding unused balance is subject to review at least annually.
Table D2.2
CCFs
Type of transaction CCF (%) Risk weight by:
direct credit substitute 100 counterparty type asset sale with recourse 100 type of asset, or issuer of securities as appropriate forward asset purchase 100 type of asset commitment with certain draw-down 100 counterparty type

BPR131 36
Type of transaction CCF (%) Risk weight by:
note issuance facility 50 counterparty type revolving underwriting facility 50 counterparty type performance-related contingency 50 counterparty type trade-related contingent item 20 counterparty type placements of forward deposits 100 counterparty type undrawn commitments to the Business Growth Fund 20 equity exposure as per C2.14 other commitment where original maturity is more than 1 year 50 counterparty type other commitment where original maturity is less than or equal to 1 year 20 counterparty type other commitment that cancels automatically when the creditworthiness of the counterparty deteriorates or which can be cancelled unconditionally at any time without prior notice 0 not applicable
3. A commitment to provide an off-balance sheet facility should be assigned the lower of
the CCFs applicable to the commitment and to the off-balance facility respectively, and more generally an arrangement involving more than one of the types of transaction in
Table D2.2 is subject to the minimum of the CCFs applicable to those transactions.

BPR131 37
Part E: Counterparty credit risk (CCR)
E1 Overview
E1.1 Introduction

This Part sets out the methodology for calculating the CEA of the counterparty credit
risk (CCR) arising from derivatives and SFTs.
Subpart E2 sets out the methodology to be used in relation to an individual derivative
not covered by a bilateral netting agreement.
Subpart E3 sets out the methodology to be used in relation to a number of derivatives
which are– with the same counterparty; and subject to a bilateral netting agreement with that counterparty.
Subpart E4 summarises the methodology for calculating the CEA on SFTs.
Guidance: This Part applies to the CCR that arises when a bank enters into a derivative contract or SFT that gives rise to a contracted future payment or flow of future payments to and from an identifiable counterparty that are based on market variables. The contract may be entered into via an exchange (“exchangetraded”) or bilaterally (“over-the-counter” or “OTC”). If a contract is settled via a central counterparty (CCP), concessionary risk-weighting treatments may apply, as set out in Part G, but the relevant trade exposure amounts must in all cases be determined using the methods in this part. Guidance: This Part applies regardless of whether the counterparty is subject to the standardised risk-weighting treatment or to the IRB modelling approach. The calculation of total EAD for an IRB bank set out in Subpart C5 and D5 of BPR133 cross-refers to this Part for the calculation of the CCR component of EAD. E1.2 Recognition of collateral
If a bank holds collateral against the CCR exposure arising from a single derivative or
bilaterally netted derivatives, the bank may recognise the collateral by adjusting the CEA calculated under subpart E2 or subpart E3.
However, such recognition is subject to the minimum requirements of, and using the
methodology set out in, BPR132.
Guidance: The comprehensive approach for adjusting exposure for collateral is set out in section B2.2 of BPR132. The simple approach (subject to eligibility) is set out in section B3.2 of BPR132. For SFTs, recognising collateral is an integral
part of the CEA calculation (see subpart E4 of this document).

BPR131 38
E1.3 Calculation of RWAs for counterparty credit risk

If a bank calculates credit exposure RWAs to a counterparty using the standardised
approach, the bank must calculate the RWA amount for the CCR arising from any derivative or SFT with the counterparty in accordance with the following formula:
RWA amount = CEA x risk weight for the counterparty where– CEA is the CEA determined in accordance with this Part risk weight for the counterparty is the risk weight specified in Part C that applies to the counterparty.
If a bank is accredited to use the IRB approach to model the credit risk weight for the
counterparty, the CEA must be added to the EAD for that counterparty, as part of the calculation of total RWAs for that counterparty, as specified in subparts C5 and D5 of BPR133. E1.4 Other RWA calculations using CEA
When calculating the capital charge for CVA (see Part F), a bank must include the bank’s
total CEA for each counterparty arising from derivatives that are not cleared through a central counterparty (CCP), calculated using the methodology in this Part.
When calculating the capital charge for CCR arising from a derivative or SFT cleared on
a CCP (see Part G), a bank must use the CEA methodology in this Part to calculate the trade exposure (TE).
To avoid doubt, this section applies to both IRB and standardised banks.
E2 CEA for single derivative
E2.1 Calculation of CEA for derivatives
This section applies to a derivative that is not covered by a bilateral netting agreement.
The CEA for a derivative is calculated by marking it to its current market value and
adding on an amount for potential future credit exposure.
Unless subsection (4) applies, the CEA for a derivative contract is calculated using the
formulae–
CEA = current credit exposure + PFCE
PFCE = notional principal x future risk factor where– current credit exposure is the greater of— zero; and the current marked-to-market replacement cost for the contract.

BPR131 39 notional principal is the effective notional principal amount of the contract. This is the stated notional principal amount unless the stated notional principal amount is leveraged or enhanced by the structure of the transaction. For example, a stated notional amount of $1 million with payments based on an internal rate of two times the bank bill rate would have an effective notional amount of $2 million. future risk factor is the conversion factor for the potential future credit exposure over the remaining life of the contract under sections E2.2 and E2.3. PFCE means the potential future credit exposure.
4. For a derivative that is a single currency floating-to-floating interest rate swap, PFCE is
set to nil in the formula for CEA in subsection (3).
Guidance: This means that the CEA for a derivative referred to in subsection (4) is only the current credit exposure as defined in subsection (3). E2.2 Future risk factors for derivatives other than credit derivatives

This section specifies the conversion factor to be used to determine PFCE in calculating
the CEA on a derivative of a type specified in column 1 of Table E2.2.
These conversion factors must also be used for calculating PFCE on each derivative
subject to a netting agreement, for calculating PFCEGross in terms of section E3.2.
The conversion factor for an exposure is, subject to subsections (4) and (5), the factor that
corresponds to the type and residual maturity of the derivative that gives rise to the exposure, as set out in Table E2.2.
Table E2.2
Conversion factors
Type of derivative Conversion factor (%) for an exposure with a residual maturity:
less than or equal to 1 year more than 1 year and less than or equal to 5 years more than 5 years currency or gold derivative 1 5 7.5 interest rate derivative 0 0.5 1.5 equity derivative 6 8 10 precious metal (other than gold) derivative 7 7 8 commodity (other than precious metal) derivative 10 12 15

BPR131 40
4. The conversion factor for a derivative with multiple exchanges of principal is the factor in
subsection (3) multiplied by the number of remaining payments under the derivative contract.
5. For derivatives that are structured to settle outstanding exposure on specified payment
dates and where the terms are reset such that the market value of the derivative is zero on these specified dates, the residual maturity is the time until the next reset date. E2.3 Future risk adjustments for credit derivatives

This section applies to the bank’s exposure arising from a single name credit derivative
that is of a type specified in Table E2.3 and that the bank holds in its trading book.
To determine PFCE for calculating the CEA of a credit derivative covered by this
section, the bank must use the conversion factor determined under Table E2.3.
Table E2.3
Conversion factors
Type of transaction Conversion factor (%) for a transaction including:
a qualifying reference obligation a non-qualifying reference obligation total-rate-of-return swap bank buys 5 10 bank sells 5 10 credit default swap bank buys 5 10 bank sells (subject to subsection (3)) 5 10
In the case where the bank has sold credit protection via a credit default swap, the
bank must apply a conversion factor that is– as specified in Table E2.3 (see last row) if the transaction is subject to close-out upon the insolvency of the protection buyer when the reference entity is still solvent, but subject to the resulting PFCE being no more than the amount of any unpaid premium; or in all other cases, 0%.
For the purpose of this section, a reference obligation is qualifying if it has two or more
long-term or issuer credit ratings that give rise to a rating grade of 1, 2, or 3 determined in accordance with Table B2.3 and the requirements for eligibility and inferred ratings set out in Part B.

BPR131 41
E3 CEA for bilaterally-netted derivatives
E3.1 Conditions

A bank may calculate the CEA of its CCR exposure arising from forwards, swaps, options,
and similar derivatives with a given counterparty, on a net basis if– the claims arising on the individual contracts are subject to a legally valid form of bilateral netting contract; and the conditions specified in subsection (2) are satisfied.
The conditions referred to in subsection (1)(b) are that–
the bilateral netting agreement or contract with the counterparty must be in writing; and the agreement must create a single legal obligation in relation to the counterparty for all individual derivatives able to be netted under the agreement; and should the counterparty not meet the terms of the agreement due to a default, insolvency, bankruptcy, statutory management, liquidation, or similar circumstance, the agreement must ensure that there is an exposure that is either a single claim to receive or a single obligation to pay only the net amount that results from the sum of the positive and negative mark-tomarket values of the individual derivatives covered by the agreement; and written and reasoned legal opinions must be held that conclude with a high degree of certainty that, in the event of a legal challenge, the exposure under the agreement would be found to be the net amount under the laws of all relevant jurisdictions including–
i. the law of the jurisdiction in which the counterparty is incorporated or
chartered and, if a foreign branch of the counterparty is involved, the law of the jurisdiction in which the branch is located; and
ii. the law that governs the individual transactions covered by the
agreement; and
iii. the law that governs any contract or agreement necessary to effect the
bilateral netting agreement; and procedures must be in place to ensure that the legal characteristics of netting arrangements are kept under review in the light of possible changes to relevant laws; and the agreement must not contain walkaway clauses that permit the non-defaulting party to make only limited or no payment to the estate of the defaulter, even if the defaulter is a net creditor under the agreement. Guidance: A payments netting contract intended only to reduce the operational costs of daily settlements typically does not meet the conditions in subsection (2), and hence does not allow the bank to net potential future exposures.

BPR131 42
E3.2 Calculation of net credit equivalent exposure

The net CEA for the counterparty credit exposure arising from derivatives that are
subject to a bilateral netting agreement must be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
CEA = NCCE + PFCEadj where–
NCCE means the net current credit exposure, being the greater of– the net mark-to-market replacement cost of the derivatives subject to the netting agreement; and zero PFCEadj is the adjusted add-on for potential future credit exposure, calculated in accordance with subsection (2) Guidance: NCCE is the sum of all mark-to-market values of all individual derivatives covered by a netting agreement, allowing positive values of transactions covered by the netting agreement to be offset against negative values of other transactions covered by that agreement. If the net sum of individual mark-to-market values is positive, the NCCE is that sum. However, if the sum of mark-to-market values is zero or negative, the NCCE is set equal to zero. NCCE is also given as a formula in a guidance box in subsection (3).
The add-on for netted transactions PFCEadj is calculated using the formula:
PFCEadj = 0.4 x PFCEGross + 0.6 x NGR x PFCEGross
In subsection (2), NGR means the net-to-gross ratio, being the ratio of NCCE to GCCE,
where–
GCCE means the gross current credit exposure, being the sum of the mark-to-market replacement costs across all transactions which have positive current mark-to-market value, but subject to any special treatment required under section E3.3 NCCE has the meaning given to it in subsection (1) Guidance: Expressed in mathematical terms– 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = ∑ 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀(𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖, 0) 𝑖𝑖 𝑁𝑁 = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀(∑ 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖 , 0) where, in each case,– i indexes all derivatives subject to the bilateral netting agreement. MTMi is the current mark-to-market value of derivative “i”, which is positive if the derivative is in the money, and negative if out of the money.

BPR131 43
PFCEGrossis the sum of the individual PFCE amounts for each of the transactions subject to the bilateral netting agreement, calculated using the formula for PFCE in section E2.1(3) and the future risk factors in Table E2.2. Guidance: If any of the relevant transactions are matching transactions, as defined in section E3.3(4), those transactions are subject to the special treatment provided for in section E3.3(2). E3.3 Calculation of net exposure for derivatives with same currency and maturity

This section adjusts the calculation of PFCEGross and GCCE in section E3.2(3) where the
transactions covered by a netting agreement with a given counterparty include matching transactions, as defined in subsection (4).
For the purposes of calculating the total PFCE (PFCEGross) for all derivatives with a given
counterparty covered by a netting agreement, a bank may treat any group of matching transactions as a single transaction with a notional principal amount equal to the net receipts at the common maturity date of that group of transactions.
For the purposes of calculating the GCCE for calculating NGR, a bank may treat any
group of matching transactions as a single transaction and calculate the mark-to-market replacement cost of the group as the net sum of the individual mark-to-market replacement costs (MTMi) of the transactions in the group.
In this section, two or more transactions are matching if they–
are forward foreign exchange contracts, or other similar contracts, in which notional principal is equivalent to the cashflow on the contract; and mature on the same date; and are denominated in the same currency. Guidance: The effect of this treatment is that any group of matching transactions is treated on a netted basis, including in the calculation of the total gross exposure numbers. The reason for allowing this approach for matching transactions is that offsetting contracts in the same currency maturing on the same date will have lower potential future exposure as well as lower current exposure. E4 CEA for SFTs E4.1 Calculation of CEA for SFTs
A bank must calculate the CEA of the CCR arising from a single SFT using either the
comprehensive approach to recognition of collateral set out in sections B2.2 to B2.7 of BPR132 or the simple approach set out in section B3.2 of BPR132, subject to the minimum requirements specified in that document.

BPR131 44
Guidance: Under BPR132, the simple approach is not available for an IRB bank. The simple approach is only available for a non-accredited bank that holds the SFT in its banking book and has elected to apply the simple approach to all of its collateralised banking book exposures.
2. A bank may calculate the CEA of a number of SFTs covered by a master netting
agreement with a given counterparty using the approach in section B2.9 of BPR132, provided that the conditions in section B2.8 of that document are satisfied. Guidance: The simple approach for collateral is not available for calculating the CEA of SFTs covered by a master netting agreement.
3. A bank must calculate the CEA using the methodology in Part D and apply a CCF of
100% if– the bank lends securities under an SFT; and either–
i. the conditions for recognition of collateral are not satisfied; or
ii. the transaction is not collateralised.

BPR131 45
Part F: Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) capital charge
F1 Overview
F1.1 Introduction

This Part sets out how a bank must calculate the Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA)
capital charge on its derivatives that are settled bilaterally.
Guidance: The CVA charge covers the risk of mark-to-market losses on the expected counterparty credit exposures arising from the bank’s derivatives. This is in addition to the capital requirements for the risk of default of any counterparty with which the bank has a derivative contract, which are calculated using the CEA amounts defined in Part E. The CVA charge is a single number calculated from the CEAs of the counterparty credit exposure to each of the bank’s derivative counterparties.
A bank must use the methodology in subpart F2 to calculate the CVA capital charge
across all of its derivatives, whether exchange-traded or over-the-counter, except those referred to in subsection (3).
The CVA capital charge does not apply to derivatives settled by means of a QCCP, as
defined in section G1.2, except in the following situations (which are provided for in Part G):
the bank is a client of a QCCP clearing member that enables it to settle a trade across the QCCP, and the situation described in subsection G2.2(5) exists, in which case the bank must treat the trade as a bilateral trade with the clearing member; or the bank is a clearing member of the QCCP and enables a client to settle a trade across the QCCP, in which case the bank must treat its exposure to the client as a bilateral trade, as provided for in section G2.3.
The CVA capital charge does not apply to SFTs unless the Reserve Bank determines that
the loss exposures from SFTs are such that it does apply.
The CVA capital charge applies to a bank whether it is using the standardised approach
for credit risk RWAs or is approved to use the IRB approach and, in each case, the calculations that the bank must use are the same.
The bank must add an amount 12.5 x (CVA capital charge) to RWAs.

BPR131 46
F2 Calculation of CVA capital charge
F2.1 CVA capital charge calculation: general case

The CVA capital charge must be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
where– i is an index running through all the bank’s counterparties on derivatives included in the CVA charge wi is the capital risk weight applicable to counterparty “i”. Counterparty “i” must be mapped to one of the six capital risk weights specified in Table F2.4. The weights reflect a counterparty’s external credit rating. If a counterparty does not have an external rating, the bank– must, if it uses the standardised approach, use the level 4 rating; or may, if it is accredited to use an IRB model to determine an internal rating for the counterparty, either use the level 4 rating, or, subject to the Reserve Bank’s approval, map the internal rating of the counterparty to another external rating CEAi total is the total CEA of exposure to CCR arising on derivatives with counterparty “i”, summed across all netting sets and taking account of collateral. It is calculated in accordance with Part E Bi is the notional value of eligible purchased single name credit default swap (CDS) hedges referencing counterparty i (summed if more than one position) and used to hedge CVA risk j is an index running through one or more index CDSs that the bank has purchased to hedge CVA risk Bj ind is the full notional value of eligible index CDS “j” wj ind is the capital risk weight for index hedge “j”. The bank must map each index hedge to one of the six capital risk weights in Table F2.4 based on its average spread Mi is the weighted average of the maturities of all transactions with counterparty ‘i’ that are included in the calculation, using the notional amount of each transaction as the weight for that transaction Mi hedge is the maturity of the hedge instrument with notional value Bi (the quantities Mi hedge x Bi are to be summed if these are several positions) Mj ind is the maturity of index hedge “j” 𝐾𝐾 = 2.33 × ⎷ ⃓ ⃓ ⃓ ⃓ ⃓ ⃓ ⃓ ⃓ ⃓ ⃓ ⃓ � ��0.5𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖�𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡 − 𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖 ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐵𝐵𝑖𝑖� 𝑖𝑖 −�𝑤𝑤𝑗𝑗 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑀𝑀𝑗𝑗 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑗𝑗 𝐷𝐷𝑗𝑗 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐵𝐵𝑗𝑗 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 � 2 +�0.75𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖 2 𝑖𝑖 �𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡 − 𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖 ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝐵𝐵𝑖𝑖� 2

BPR131 47
Guidance: To avoid doubt, in determining the maturities Mi, Mi hedge and Mj ind above, no one-year floor or five-year cap applies. This is different from the definition of M for the purpose of calculating risk weights for the IRB corporate, sovereign, and bank exposures class (see subpart C6 of BPR133).
2. In the formula in subsection (1), the discount factors “D” are defined as follows:
𝑫𝑫𝒊𝒊 = 1 − 𝑒𝑒−0.05𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖
0.05𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖
𝑫𝑫𝒋𝒋
𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 = 1 − 𝑒𝑒−0.05𝑀𝑀𝑗𝑗
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
0.05𝑀𝑀𝑗𝑗
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑫𝑫𝒊𝒊
𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉 𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉 = 1 − 𝑒𝑒−0.05𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖
ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
0.05𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖
ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
3. The benefit of a hedge may only be reflected in the calculation of the CVA capital charge
set out in subsection (1) if it meets the eligibility conditions in section F2.5. F2.2 CVA capital charge calculation: no eligible hedges If a bank has exposures from derivatives with more than one counterparty but does not use CVA hedges that are eligible under section F2.5, it may calculate the CVA risk charge in the following way:
where all notations have the same meaning as in section F2.1.
Guidance: This formula is derived from the formula in section F2.1 by setting all the hedge values (Bi and Bj ind) to zero. F2.3 CVA capital charge calculation: no eligible hedges, only one counterparty

If a bank has exposures from derivatives with only one counterparty and does not use
CVA hedges in accordance with section F2.5, it may calculate the CVA capital charge using the following formula:
K = 2.33wMDCEA where– w is the capital risk weight applicable to the counterparty in accordance with Table F2.4. M is the weighted average of the maturities of all transactions with the counterparty, using the notional amount of each transaction as the weight for that transaction. 𝐾𝐾 = 2.33 × �0.25��𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡 𝑖𝑖 � 2

0.75��𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖 𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡 �
2
𝑖𝑖

BPR131 48
Guidance: To avoid doubt, in determining the maturity “M”, no one year floor or five year cap applies. CEA is the total CEA of exposure to CCR arising on derivatives with the counterparty, taking account of collateral. It is calculated in accordance with Part E.
2. In the formula in subsection (1), the discount factor “D” is defined as follows:
𝑫𝑫 = 1 − 𝑒𝑒−0.05𝑀𝑀
0.05𝑀𝑀
Guidance: The formula in subsection F2.3(1) is derived from the formula in
section F2.2 when the index number ‘i’ only takes the value 1.
F2.4 CVA capital charge: risk weights
When calculating the CVA capital charge, a bank must use the capital risk weights specified in column 2 of Table F2.4, based on the rating grade of a counterparty or an index hedge specified in column 1 of Table F2.4. Guidance: The relevant rating grade is the long-term rating grade determined in accordance with the Table B2.3.
Table F2.4
Capital risk weights
Rating grade Capital risk weighting, w
1 0.7%
2 0.8%
3 1.0%
4 (or unrated) 2.0%
5 3.0%
6 10.0%
F2.5 CVA capital charge: conditions on hedges

Subject to the requirements of this section, a bank may include eligible CVA hedges in
the calculation of the CVA charge, as provided for in the formula in subsection F2.1(1).
To qualify as eligible, the hedge must–
be transacted with an external counterparty, used for the purpose of mitigating CVA risk, and be managed as such; and be one of the following:

BPR131 49
i. a single-name CDS (including a sovereign CDS); or
ii. a single-name contingent CDS; or
iii. an equivalent hedging instrument referencing the counterparty directly;
or
iv. an index CDS.
3. A tranched or nth-to-default CDS, or an instrument for which the associated payment
depends on cross-default, is not eligible as a CVA hedge.
4. A hedge that is included in the CVA capital charge calculation must not be included in
the calculation of the bank’s market risk capital requirement (as provided in BPR140). A hedge that is not eligible as a CVA hedge or is for another purpose is subject to any applicable regulatory capital requirements provided in the rest of the capital adequacy framework.
5. If the bank uses an index CDS to hedge CCR and has a counterparty that is a constituent
of the reference index for the CDS, the bank may, with the Reserve Bank’s approval, subtract the notional amount attributable to that single name (in accordance with its reference weight) from the index CDS notional amount (Bj ind), and treat that notional amount as a single name eligible hedge (Bi) of the individual counterparty, with maturity based on the maturity of the index.

BPR131 50
Part G: Central counterparties (CCPs)
G1 Introduction
G1.1 Exposures arising from trades settled via CCPs

This Part sets out the risk-weighting treatment for CCR exposures arising from derivative
transactions and SFTs settled via a central counterparty (CCP).
This treatment–
varies depending whether the CCP is qualifying or non-qualifying, as defined in
section G1.2; and
applies equally to banks using the standardised approach to credit risk and to those banks accredited to use the IRB approach to credit risk; and applies equally to derivatives that are entered into bilaterally (OTC derivatives) and exchange-traded derivatives. G1.2 Meaning of qualifying central counterparty (QCCP)
A qualifying central counterparty (QCCP) is:
a. A CCP that is a designated Financial Market Infrastructure under the Financial Market Infrastructures Act 2021; or b. Any other CCP determined by the Reserve Bank as complying with the CPMI/IOSCO Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures.
Whether a CCP meets those principles is determined by the Reserve Bank.
Guidance: Where the CCP is from a jurisdiction in which the regulator applies the CPMI/IOSCO principles and determines that the CCP complies with those principles, the Reserve Bank will in general consider that the CCP is a QCCP. However, the Reserve Bank reserves the right to decide otherwise and may require a bank to hold additional capital against its exposures to a QCCP if there are material shortcomings in the regulation of that QCCP. A CCP located in a jurisdiction where the regulator does not apply the CPMI/IOSCO principles will be treated as non-qualifying unless determined otherwise by the Reserve Bank. G2 QCCP capital requirements G2.1 Bank is QCCP clearing member acting on own behalf
If a bank is a clearing member of a QCCP, it must hold capital for all of its trade exposures
to the QCCP that arise from the bank acting for its own purposes, and for its exposure to the QCCP’s default fund.
The bank must calculate the RWA for its total exposure to a QCCP arising in the situation
in subsection (1) as follows:
𝑀𝑀 {(2% × + 1250% × 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷), (20% × )}

BPR131 51 where–
TE is the total of the bank’s trade exposures to the QCCP, where the value of each trade exposure must be calculated using the method for calculating the CEA of derivatives and SFTs, as set out in Part E. DF is the bank’s pre-funded contribution to the QCCP’s default fund. Guidance: The trade exposure definition means that TE does not include the value of any collateral that the bank has posted in connection with the trade. The capital requirements for posted collateral are dealt with separately in section G2.4. If the bank holds any collateral against the trade exposure, that may be recognised in the calculation of TE, as provided for in Part E.
3. Where a default fund is shared between products or types of business that give rise to
settlement risk only, and products or types of business that give rise to CCR, all of the bank’s contribution to the default fund must be incorporated in RWAs in accordance with the formula in subsection (2), without apportioning the contribution to different classes or types of business or products. Guidance: Products with settlement risk only include, for example, equities and bonds. Products that give rise to CCR are limited to OTC derivatives, exchangetraded derivatives, and SFTs.
4. However, where the default fund contributions from clearing members are segregated by
product type and only accessible for specific product types, the capital requirements for those default fund exposures determined according to the formula in subsection (2) must be calculated for each specific product type giving rise to CCR. G2.2 Bank is client of QCCP clearing member

This section sets out the risk-weight calculation a bank must use for its CCR exposure
when it is a client of a clearing member of a QCCP and it clears a contract through the QCCP, where either– the bank clears the contract indirectly, with the clearing member acting as a financial intermediary (that is, the clearing member completes an offsetting transaction with the QCCP); or the bank enters a transaction directly with the QCCP and the clearing member guarantees the bank’s performance.
If the conditions set out in subsection (3) are met, the bank must calculate the RWA for
the credit exposure arising in the case set out in subsection (1) as follows:
RWA = 2%*TE where–
TE is the bank’s trade exposure to the clearing member, calculated using the method for calculating the CEA of derivatives and SFTs set out in Part E.

BPR131 52
Guidance: This risk-weighting treatment is the same as for the clearing member’s own exposures to the QCCP, except that the client does not have credit exposure arising from a contribution to the default fund, “DF”. As in the clearing member case, posted collateral is treated separately under section G2.4.
3. The conditions are as follows:
the offsetting transactions are identified by the QCCP as client transactions; and the collateral to support those transactions is held by the QCCP, the clearing member, or both, under arrangements that prevents any losses to the bank due to–
i. the default or insolvency of the clearing member; or
ii. the default or insolvency of any of the clearing member’s other clients;
or
iii. the joint default or insolvency of the clearing member and any of its
clients; and the bank must have conducted a sufficient legal review (and undertake such further review as necessary to ensure continuing enforceability) and have a wellfounded basis to conclude that, in the event of legal challenge, the relevant courts and administrative authorities would find that the arrangements referred to in paragraph (a) would be legal, valid, binding and enforceable under relevant law, including the law of the jurisdictions of the following:
iv. the bank, the clearing member bank, and the QCCP; and
v. any foreign branches of the bank, clearing member, or QCCP involved
in the trade; and
vi. the law that governs the individual transactions and collateral; and
vii. the law that governs any contract or agreement necessary to meet this
condition; and the relevant laws, regulations, rules, contractual, or administrative arrangements provide that the offsetting transactions with the defaulted or insolvent clearing member are highly likely to continue to be indirectly transacted through the QCCP, or by the QCCP, should the clearing member default or become insolvent. In such circumstances, the bank’s positions and collateral with the QCCP will be transferred at market value unless the bank requests to close out the position at market value. Guidance: Each bank is responsible for assessing and deciding what legal basis would be required by the relevant courts and administrative authorities in all the relevant jurisdictions in the event of a legal challenge on their claim to their clearing intermediary and/or QCCP. To ensure continuing enforceability, further review may be required, for example any time when contracts change or relevant laws or other requirements change in the relevant jurisdictions. If a bank has any

BPR131 53 doubt on legal certainty of their arrangements, the bank should not apply the risk weight specified in the subsection (2).

Where a bank is not protected from losses in the case that the clearing member and
another client of the clearing member jointly default or become jointly insolvent, but all other conditions in subsection (3) are met, the bank must calculate the RWA for the situation set out in subsection (1) as follows:
RWA = 4%*TE where TE is the bank’s trade exposure to the clearing member.
If neither the conditions in subsection (3) nor the conditions in subsection (4) are met, the
bank must calculate the RWA for an exposure arising in the case set out in subsection (1) as if it were a bilateral trade with the clearing member. Guidance: Subsection (5) means that a standardised bank must calculate the RWA by multiplying the CEA (as determined under Part E) by the risk weight for the clearing member. A bank using the IRB approach for the exposure must add the CEA to the total EAD in the RWA calculation for its exposure to the clearing member. In each case, the CEA must also be included in the CVA calculation in
Part F, as applicable.
G2.3 Bank is QCCP clearing member acting for client
This section sets out the capital requirements that apply when the bank is a clearing
member of a QCCP and enables a client to carry out a trade involving the QCCP by either– acting as intermediary between the client and the QCCP; or guaranteeing the client’s trade.
The bank must calculate an RWA for its counterparty credit exposure to the client using
the same approach as for a bilateral trade with the client, except that the bank must multiply the CEA of the exposure (calculated in accordance with Part E) by the scalar specified in subsection (3).
The scalar is 71%, to recognise the shorter close-out period for cleared transactions.
Guidance: This means that where the bank is using the standardised approach for calculating the RWA for the client, the RWA is the CEA calculated in accordance with Part E, multiplied by the scalar, and then multiplied by the applicable risk-weight for the client from Part C. Where the bank is using the IRB approach for calculating the RWA for the client, it must calculate the RWA using its accredited IRB model and the methodology in BPR133 applicable to the exposure class of the client, with EAD

BPR131 54 for the calculation being the CEA calculated in accordance with Part E and then multiplied by the scalar.
4. The bank must reflect its exposure to the client in its CVA capital charge, by including the
CEA of the exposure (calculated in accordance with Part E) in the applicable formula for calculating the CVA capital charge in Part F. Guidance: Inclusion in the CVA calculation is consistent with the exposure being treated as a bilateral trade. For the purpose of the CVA calculation, CEA is not multiplied by the scalar defined in subsection (3). G2.4 Treatment of posted collateral

This section applies to a bank–
that is either –
i. a clearing member of a QCCP; or
ii. a client of a clearing member of a QCCP; and
has posted assets as collateral (including cash, securities, other pledged assets, and excess initial or variation margin, also called overcollateralisation) in relation to trades carried out across the QCCP.
A bank to which this section applies must–
in all cases, calculate RWAs for the credit risk on those assets in accordance with the bank’s required capital adequacy treatment of those assets; and calculate RWAs to reflect the risk of default of the entity holding the collateral, in accordance with subsections (3) to (5).
If the bank is a clearing member of a QCCP and posts collateral in relation to a trade
carried out across the QCCP, for the purpose of subsection (2)(b)– the bank may apply a zero risk-weight to all posted collateral that is held by a custodian and is bankruptcy-remote from the QCCP; and the bank must apply a 2% risk-weight to all posted collateral that is held by the QCCP and is not bankruptcy-remote from the QCCP.
If the bank is a client of a clearing member of a QCCP and the conditions in one of
subsections (a) to (c) are met, it must calculate RWAs for the purpose of subsection (2)(b) by multiplying the value of the posted collateral by the risk weight specified in whichever of subsections (a), (b), or (c) applies:
0%, if the collateral is held by a custodian, and is bankruptcy-remote from the QCCP, the clearing member and the clearing member’s other clients; or 2%, if the collateral is held by the QCCP on behalf of the client and is not bankruptcy-remote from the QCCP, and all of the conditions in subsection G2.2(3) are met; or

BPR131 55
4%, if the collateral is held by the QCCP on behalf of the client and is not bankruptcy-remote from the QCCP, and the conditions in subsection G2.2(4) are met. Guidance: This means that the conditions for a 2% or 4% risk-weight for the CCR on collateral posted by a client mirror the conditions for a 2% or 4% risk-weight of the client’s trade exposures under section G2.2.
5. If the bank is a client of a clearing member of a QCCP and none of the conditions in
subsections (4)(a) to (c) are met, the bank must calculate the RWA for the purpose of subsection (2)(b) by including the value of the posted collateral in its risk-weighting approach applicable to the entity holding the collateral. Guidance: This means that when the standardised approach applies, the bank must calculate the RWA as the value of the collateral multiplied by the applicable risk-weight from Part C for the entity holding the collateral. When the IRB approach applies, the bank must calculate the RWA using its IRB model and the BPR133 methodology applicable to the exposure class of the entity holding the collateral, with EAD being the value of the collateral. G3 Non-qualifying CCP capital requirements G3.1 Requirements for exposures to non-qualifying CCPs

A trade exposure to a non-qualifying CCP must be treated as a bilateral trade exposure.
A bank, whether using the standardised or IRB approach, must, for the purposes of
subsection (1), calculate the RWA for the counterparty default risk by multiplying the standardised risk weight for the CCP, determined in accordance with Part C, by the CEA of the trade exposure, determined in accordance with Part E.
The CEA of the trade exposure must also be included in the CVA capital charge in
accordance with Part F, provided the trade falls within the CVA scope specified in section F1.1.
If a bank is a clearing member of a non-qualifying CCP and is exposed to the CCP’s
default fund, the bank must apply a risk weight of 1250% to that exposure in the following way:
RWA = 1250% x DF
Where
RWA is the risk weighted assets from the default fund exposure DF is the bank’s contribution to the CCP’s default fund, determined in accordance with subsection (5).
DF must be calculated as the sum of–
the full amount of the bank’s pre-funded contribution to the CCP’s default fund; and

BPR131 56 if there is an unfunded contribution, an additional amount to be determined by the Reserve Bank.
6. In subsection (5), unfunded contribution means a situation in which the bank has a
binding commitment to make additional contributions if the CCP requires.

BPR131 Standardised Credit Risk RWAs - 1 October 2026

Lineage: In force