Regulation of Members of Board of Governors Number 20/8/PADG/2018 on Criteria and Requirements for Securities in Monetary Operation

REGULATION OF MEMBERS OF BOARD OF GOVERNORS NUMBER 20/8/PADG/2018 ON CRITERIA AND REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITIES IN MONETARY OPERATION BY THE BLESSINGS OF GOD THE ALMIGHTY MEMBER OF BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF BANK INDONESIA, Considering : a. that to accomplish the objectives of Bank Indonesia, namely to achieve and maintain rupiah stability, Bank Indonesia establishes and implements monetary policy; b. that to implement the monetary policy, Bank Indonesia exercises monetary control, among others through monetary operation in a conventional manner and in adherence to sharia principle;
c. that in implementing monetary operation in a
conventional manner and in adherence to sharia principle, Bank Indonesia determines the criteria and requirements for securities which may be used in monetary operation; d. that based on the foregoing consideration in letter a until letter c, it is necessary to establish a Regulation of Members of Board of Governors on Criteria and Requirements for Securities in Monetary Operation;

Observing : Regulation of Bank Indonesia Number 20/5/PBI/2018 on Monetary Operation (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2018 Number 60, Supplement to State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6198); HAS DECIDED:
To issue : REGULATION OF MEMBERS OF BOARD OF GOVERNORS ON CRITERIA AND REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITIES IN MONETARY OPERATION.
CHAPTER I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1
In this Regulation of Members of the Board of Governors:

1. Bank means a commercial bank, sharia commercial
   bank, and sharia business unit.

2. Commercial Bank means a commercial bank carrying out
   its business activities in a conventional manner as set forth in a Law on banks.

3. Sharia Commercial Bank, hereinafter referred to as SCB,
   means a commercial bank carrying out its business activities in adherence to sharia principles as set forth in a Law on sharia banks.

4. Sharia Business Unit, hereinafter referred to as SBU,
   means a sharia business unit as set forth in a Law on sharia banks.

5. Monetary Operation means monetary policy
   implementation by Bank Indonesia to exercise monetary control in a conventional manner and in adherence to sharia principle.

6. Conventional Monetary Operation, hereinafter referred to
   as CMO, means monetary policy implementation by Bank Indonesia to exercise monetary control in a conventional manner.

7. Sharia Monetary Operation, hereinafter referred to as
   SMO, means monetary policy implementation by Bank Indonesia to exercise monetary control in adherence to sharia principle.

8. Open Market Operation, hereinafter referred to as OMO,
   means transactional activities in the money market and/or foreign exchange market conducted by Bank Indonesia with Banks and/or other parties for Monetary Operation in a conventional manner and in adherence to sharia principle.

9. Conventional Open Market Operation, hereinafter referred
   to as Conventional OMO, means transactional activities in the money market and/or foreign exchange market conducted by Bank Indonesia with Commercial Banks and/or other parties.

10. Sharia Open Market Operation, hereinafter referred to as
    Sharia OMO, means transactional activities in the money market in adherence to sharia principle and/or foreign exchange market conducted by Bank Indonesia with SCB, SBU, and/or other parties.

11. Standing Facilities mean rupiah lending facility from
    Bank Indonesia to Banks and rupiah deposit facility by Banks in Bank Indonesia for Monetary Operation in a conventional manner and in adherence to sharia principle.

12. Conventional Standing Facilities mean rupiah lending
    facility from Bank Indonesia to commercial banks and rupiah deposit facility by commercial banks in Bank Indonesia.

13. Sharia Standing Facilities mean rupiah financing facility
    from Bank Indonesia to commercial SCB or SBU and rupiah deposit facility by SCB or SBU in Bank Indonesia.

14. Monetary Operation participant means any CMO and
    SMO participants, which have obtained permit from Bank Indonesia as Monetary Operation participants as specified in the provisions of Bank Indonesia for monetary operation participation.

15. Conventional OMO participant means any commercial
    bank, which has obtained permit from Bank Indonesia as an OMO participant as specified in the provisions of Bank Indonesia for monetary operation participation.

16. Sharia OMO participant means any SCB and/or SBU,
    which has obtained permit from Bank Indonesia as an OMO participant as specified in the provisions of Bank Indonesia for monetary operation participation.

17. Bank Indonesia Certificate, hereinafter referred to as SBI,
    means securities in rupiah currency issued by Bank Indonesia as acknowledgment of short term indebtedness.

18. Sharia Bank Indonesia Certificate, hereinafter referred to
    as SBIS, means securities in adherence to sharia principle in rupiah currency issued by Bank Indonesia with a short term.

19. Bank Indonesia Deposit Certificate, hereinafter referred to
    as SDBI, means securities in rupiah currency issued by Bank Indonesia as acknowledgment of short term indebtedness, which may only be traded between commercial banks.

20. Sovereign Securities, hereinafter referred to as SBN, mean
    sovereign debt securities and sovereign sharia securities.

21. Sovereign Debt Securities, hereinafter referred to as SUN,
    means sovereign debt securities as set forth in the Law on sovereign debt securities.

22. Sovereign Sharia Securities, hereinafter referred to as
    SBSN, means sovereign sharia securities as set forth in the Law on sovereign sharia securities.

23. Sovereign Bond means Sovereign Debt Securities with a
    term of more than 12 (twelve) months with coupon and/or discounted interest payment.

24. Sovereign Treasury Bills, hereinafter referred to as SPN,
    mean SUN with a term of up to 12 (twelve) months with discounted interest payment.

25. Long Term SBSN means SBSN with a term of more than
    12 (twelve) months with reward payment in the form of coupon and/or discount.

26. Short Term SBSN or Sharia Sovereign Treasury Bills
    mean SBSN with a term of up to 12 (twelve) months with reward payment in the form of coupon and/or discount.

27. Zero Coupon Bond, hereinafter referred to as ZCB, means
    Sovereign Bond without coupon, with discounted interest payment.

28. Retail Sovereign Bond, hereinafter referred to as ORI,
    means Sovereign Bond in the primary market sold to individuals of Indonesian citizenship through selling agents.

29. Retail SBSN, hereinafter referred to as Retail Sovereign
    Sukuk, means SBSN in the primary market sold to individuals of Indonesian citizenship through selling agents.

30. Securities Repurchase Agreement Transaction for
    Conventional OMO, hereinafter referred to as Conventional OMO Repo Transaction, means any securities sale transaction by a Conventional OMO participant to Bank Indonesia, with mandatory repurchase by the Conventional OMO participant at the agreed price and within the agreed period.

31. Securities Repurchase Agreement Transaction for Sharia
    OMO, hereinafter referred to as Sharia OMO Repo Transaction, means any securities sale transaction by a Sharia OMO participant to Bank Indonesia, with mandatory repurchase by the Sharia OMO Participant at the agreed price and within the agreed period.

32. SBIS Repurchase Agreement Transaction, hereinafter
    referred to as SBIS Repo Transaction, means any lending transaction by Bank Indonesia to Sharia OMO Participants with SBIS collateral.

33. Lending Facility Transaction means provision of rupiah
    fund from Bank Indonesia to Commercial Banks for CMO.

34. Financing Facility Transaction means provision of rupiah
    fund from Bank Indonesia to SCB and/or SBU for CMO.

35. Securities Reverse Repo Transaction for Conventional
    OMO, hereinafter referred to as Conventional OMO

Reverse Repo Transaction, means any securities purchase transaction by a Conventional OMO participant from Bank Indonesia, with mandatory resale by the Conventional OMO participant at the agreed price and within the agreed period.
36. Securities Reverse Repo Transaction for Sharia OMO,
hereinafter referred to as Sharia OMO Reverse Repo Transaction, means any securities purchase transaction by a Sharia OMO Participant from Bank Indonesia, with mandatory resale by the Sharia OMO participant at the agreed price and within the agreed period.
37. Bank Indonesia-Real Time Gross Settlement System,
hereinafter referred to as BI-RTGS, means BI-RTGS as specified in the provisions of Bank Indonesia for transaction implementation, securities administration, and outright fund settlement.
38. Bank Indonesia-Scripless Securities Settlement System,
hereinafter referred to as BI-SSSS, means BI-SSSS as specified in the provisions of Bank Indonesia for transaction implementation, securities administration, and outright fund settlement.
39. Bank Indonesia-Electronic Trading Platform System,
hereinafter referred to as BI-ETP System, means BI-ETP System as specified in the provisions of Bank Indonesia for transaction implementation, securities administration, and outright fund settlement.
40. Securities Account means the Bank's securities account
in BI-SSSS in rupiah and/or foreign currency administered in Bank Indonesia for ownership record and settlement of securities transactions, transactions with Bank Indonesia, and/or financial market transactions.
41. Checking Account means the Bank's checking account
with Bank Indonesia in rupiah and/or foreign currency.
42. Business Day means the business days of Bank
Indonesia, including the limited operational business days of Bank Indonesia.

CHAPTER II
SECURITIES USED IN MONETARY OPERATION
Article 2
Bank Indonesia determines requirements for securities used in Monetary Operation.
Part One
Criteria and Requirements for Securities Used in CMO
Article 3
(1) Criteria for securities in rupiah which may be used in CMO are specified as follows:
a. are issued by Bank Indonesia, and/or the Republic of Indonesia; b. are recorded in BI-SSSS; and
c. are not put up in collateral.
(2) Criteria for securities in foreign currency which may be used in CMO are specified as follows:
a. are issued by any other governments whose central banks have cooperation with Bank Indonesia; b. follow the denomination of the issuing country;
c. are recorded in a CMO participant's assets recorded in
the CMO participant's securities account with the agreed custodian bank; d. have (investment grade); and e. are not put up in collateral.
Article 4
The types of securities that meet the criteria set forth in Article 3 consist of:
a. SBI; b. SDBI;
c. SBN, including:

1. SUN, including SPN and Sovereign Bond, including
   ZCB and ORI; and

2. SBSN, including Short Term SBSN and Long Term
   SBSN, including Retail SBSN; and d. securities in short term or long term foreign currencies issued by any other governments (sovereign bond).
   Article 5
   The securities in foreign currencies set forth in Article 3 paragraph (2) may only be used in Conventional OMO Repo Transactions.
   Article 6
   The securities set forth in Article 4 must meet the following requirements for remaining term:
   a. for SBI, has a remaining term of 2 (two) Working Days at the shortest in the second leg Conventional OMO Repo Transaction and Lending Facility Transaction; b. for SDBI, has a remaining term of 2 (two) Working Days at the shortest in the second leg Conventional OMO Repo Transaction and Lending Facility Transaction;
   c. for SBN, has a remaining term of 3 (three) Working Days
   at the shortest in the second leg Conventional OMO Repo Transaction and Lending Facility Transaction; and d. for securities in foreign currency, have a remaining term of 30 (thirty) calendar days at the shortest in the second leg Conventional OMO Repo Transaction.
   Part Two
   Criteria and Requirements for Securities Used in SMO
   Article 7
   Criteria for securities which may be used in SMO are specified as follows:
   a. are issued in adherence to sharia principles; b. are issued by Bank Indonesia, and/or the Republic of Indonesia;
   c. are issued in rupiah;
   d. are recorded in BI-SSSS; and

e. are not put up in collateral.
Article 8
The types of securities that meet the criteria set forth in Article 7 consist of:
a. SBIS; b. SBSN, including:

1. Short Term SBSN; and
2. Long Term SBSN, including Retail SBSN.
   Article 9
   The securities set forth in Article 8 must meet the following requirements for remaining term:
   a. for SBIS, has a remaining term of 2 (two) Working Days at the shortest in the second leg Financing Facility Transaction; and b. for SBSN, has a remaining term of 3 (three) Working Days at the shortest in the second leg Sharia OMO Repo Transaction and Lending Facility Transaction.
   Part Three
   Use of SBN Obtained from Conventional OMO Reverse Repo Transactions and Sharia OMO Reverse Repo Transactions
   Article 10
   (1) SBN obtained by Monetary Operation Participants from Bank Indonesia in Conventional OMO Reverse Repo Transactions or Sharia OMO Reverse Repo Transactions may be reused in transactions in the secondary market. (2) If a Monetary Operation Participant makes a transaction in the secondary market set forth in paragraph (1), such transaction will be made by observing the provisions issued by the competent authority.
   CHAPTER III
   PRICE AND HAIRCUT OF SECURITIES IN MONETARY OPERATION

Article 11
Bank Indonesia determines the price and haircut of securities used in Monetary Operation.
Article 12
The determination of securities' price by Bank Indonesia set forth in Article 11 is specified as follows:
a. SBI's price is determined by Bank Indonesia by considering the weighted average of discount rate during issuance, the remaining term of each SBI series, and/or other variables; b. SBIS's price is determined 100% (one hundred percent) from the issuance date until the due date;
c. SDBI's price is determined by Bank Indonesia by
considering the weighted average of discount rate during issuance, the remaining term of each SDBI series, and/or other variables; d. SBN's price is determined by Bank Indonesia by considering the market price of each type and series of SBN and/or other variables; and e. securities price is determined by Bank Indonesia by considering the market price of each type and series of securities in foreign currency (sovereign bond), and/or other variables.
Article 13
(1) Haircut is a factor that reduces securities price. (2) The haircut set forth in paragraph (1) is determined as follows:
a. for SBI of 0% (zero percent); b. for SBIS of 0% (zero percent);
c. for SDBI of 0% (zero percent);
d. for SBN consisting of:

1. SUN of 5% (five percent);
2. SBSN of 6.5% (six point five percent); and

e. for securities in foreign currency (sovereign bond), the haircut percentage is announced by Bank Indonesia on a transaction date.
Article 14
Bank Indonesia may change haircut set forth in Article 13.
Article 15
The price of securities used in Monetary Operation set forth in
Article 12 and haircut of securities set forth in Article 13 and
their change as set forth in Article 14 are announced by Bank Indonesia in BI-ETP System, BI-SSSS, and/or any other means determined by Bank Indonesia.
Article 16
(1) If an outright SBN sale transaction is made by a CMO participant due to failure of the second leg settlement of a Conventional OMO Repo Transaction or Lending Facility Transaction, SBN price used in calculating the value of the outright SBN sale transaction settlement shall be the SBN price on the date of the outright SBN sale transaction which at the highest equals to SBN price in the first leg transaction. (2) If an outright SBN purchase transaction is made by a Conventional OMO participant due to failure of the second leg settlement of Conventional OMO Reverse Repo Transaction, SBN price used in calculating the value of the outright SBN purchase transaction settlement shall be the SBN price on the date of the outright SBN purchase transaction which at the lowest equals to SBN price in the first leg transaction. (3) If securities in foreign currency are sold by a Conventional OMO Participant due to failure of the second leg settlement of a Conventional OMO Repo Transaction, the price of securities used in the calculation shall be the selling price of the securities in foreign currency by Bank Indonesia on the selling date.

Article 17
(1) If an outright SBSN sale transaction is made by a CMO participant due to failure of the second leg settlement of Sharia OMO Repo Transaction or Financing Facility Transaction, SBSN price used in calculating the value of the outright SBSN sale transaction settlement shall be the SBSN price on the first leg transaction date. (2) If an outright SBSN purchase transaction is made by a Sharia OMO Participant due to failure of the second leg settlement of Sharia OMO Reverse Repo Transaction, SBSN price used in calculating the value of the outright SBSN purchase transaction settlement shall be the SBSN price on the first leg transaction date.
CHAPTER IV
CALCULATION OF SETTLEMENT VALUE OF MONETARY OPERATION TRANSACTION
Part One
Calculation of Settlement Value of Conventional OMO Repo Transaction, Conventional OMO Reverse Repo Transaction, Lending Facility Transaction, Sharia OMO Repo Transaction, Sharia OMO Reverse Repo Transaction, and Financing Facility Transaction
Article 18
(1) Settlement value of securities equals to the nominal value of the repurchased or reverse repurchased securities. (2) Fund settlement value for the first leg settlement is calculated as follows:
a. Short Term SBI, SDBI, SPN, ZCB, and SBSN:

b. SBIS
The first leg settlement value equals to the nominal value of collateralized SBIS.
c. Sovereign Bond includes ORI and Long Term SBSN.
Note:
Securities price
: the securities price set forth in BI-ETP System, BI-SSSS, and/or any other means on the date of a Conventional OMO Repo Transaction, Conventional OMO Reverse Repo Transaction, Lending Facility Transaction, Sharia OMO Repo Transaction, Sharia OMO Reverse Repo Transaction, or Financing Facility Transaction Haircut : the haircut set forth in BI-ETP System, BI-SSSS, and/or any other means on the date of a Conventional OMO Repo Transaction, Conventional OMO Reverse Repo Transaction, Lending Facility Transaction, Sharia OMO Repo Transaction, Sharia OMO Reverse Repo Transaction, or Financing Facility Transaction Accrued Interest or Reward : - right to coupon or reward of securities calculated from 1 (one) day after the last coupon or reward payment until the first leg settlement date

• calculation of right to SBSN

reward based on the actual number of days (actual per actual) d. Sovereign Bond includes ORI and Long Term SBSN if payment of securities coupon or reward is made 1 (one) Working Day after the first leg settlement date. Note :
Securities price : the securities price announced in BI-ETP System, BI-SSSS, and/or any other means on the date of a Conventional OMO Repo Transaction, Conventional OMO Reverse Repo Transaction, Lending Facility Transaction, Sharia OMO Repo Transaction, Sharia OMO Reverse Repo Transaction, or Financing Facility Transaction Haircut : the haircut set forth in BI-ETP System, BI-SSSS, and/or any other means on the date of a Conventional OMO Repo Transaction, Conventional OMO Reverse Repo Transaction, Lending Facility Transaction, Sharia OMO Repo Transaction, Sharia OMO Reverse Repo Transaction, or Financing Facility Transaction Accrued Interest or : right to coupon or reward of securities calculated from the

Reward first leg settlement date until the payment date of coupon or reward of securities 1 (one) Working Day after the first leg settlement date (3) Fund settlement value for the second leg settlement is calculated as follows:
a. SBI, SDBI, SBN
Note :
Term : term of Conventional OMO Repo Transaction, Conventional OMO Reverse Repo Transaction, Lending Facility Transaction, Sharia OMO Repo Transaction, Sharia OMO Reverse Repo Transaction, or Financing Facility Transaction b. SBIS Note :
SBIS Repo
Transaction
Cost
: payment obligation (gharamah) determined by Bank Indonesia in SBIS Repo Transaction resulting from the failure of an SMO participant to meet the agreed

term of SBIS purchase
Part Two
Calculation of Settlement Value of Outright Securities Purchase or Sale Transaction
Article 19
(1) Securities settlement value equals to the nominal value of the securities in an outright transaction. (2) Fund settlement value for outright securities purchase or sale transaction is as follows:
a. Short Term SPN, ZCB, and SBSN:
b. Sovereign Bond includes ORI and Long Term SBSN. Note :
Securities price
: the securities price determined by Bank Indonesia if an outright securities purchase or sale transaction is made through tender mechanism, and/or the securities price based on agreement of parties if an outright securities purchase or sale transaction is made through non-tender mechanism Accrued Interest or Reward : right to coupon or reward of securities calculated from the settlement date of an outright securities purchase or sale

transaction
c. Sovereign Bond includes ORI and Long Term SBSN if
payment of securities coupon or reward is made 1 (one) Working Day after the settlement date of an outright securities purchase or sale transaction. Note :
Securities price
: the securities price determined by Bank Indonesia if an outright securities purchase or sale transaction is made through tender mechanism, and/or the securities price based on agreement of parties if an outright securities purchase or sale transaction is made through non-tender mechanism Accrued Interest or Reward : right to coupon or reward of securities is calculated from the settlement date of an outright securities purchase or sale transaction until the payment date of securities coupon or reward 1 (one) Working Day after the date of the outright securities purchase or sale transaction.
Part Three
Calculation of Accrued Interest or Reward
Article 20

Accrued interest or reward set forth in Article 18 paragraph (2) letter c and letter d and Article 19 paragraph (2) letter b and letter c is calculated by using the following formula per unit:
Note :
AI : Accrued Interest or Reward per unit N : the securities nominal value per unit is Rp 1,000,000 (one million rupiah) C : value of coupon or reward n : coupon or reward payment frequency in a year a : number of actual days E : the number of actual days counted from 1 (one) day after the commencement date of coupon or reward period until the next coupon or reward payment date
Part Four
Calculation of Securities Nominal Value and Settlement Value of Conventional OMO Repo Transaction Using Securities in Foreign Currency
Article 21
(1) Securities nominal value in foreign currency collateralized in the first leg settlement is calculated as follows:
Note :
First leg : rupiah nominal value won in the

settlement value first leg settlement Transaction rate : mid rate of Bank Indonesia on a transaction date Securities price : securities price announced in transaction of securities in foreign currency (sovereign bond) Haircut : the haircut announced by Bank Indonesia in transaction of securities in foreign currency (sovereign bond) (2) The rate used in calculation of transaction settlement value using securities in foreign currency is Bank Indonesia rate on a transaction date. (3) Fund settlement value for the second leg settlement is calculated as follows:
Note :
Term : term of Conventional OMO Repo Transaction
Part Five
Early Redemption of SBI
Article 22
(1) Early redemption of SBI will be made if:
a. settlement of a Conventional OMO Repo Transaction fails to become due; or b. settlement of a Lending Facility Transaction fails to become due, all of which use SBI.

(2) The early redemption of SBI set forth in paragraph (1) is made by using the following calculation of cash value settlement:
Note :
Nominal value : SBI nominal value Discount rate : weighted average of discount rate on SBI issuance Remaining term : the number of actual days counted from 1 (one) day after the failed settlement date of a Monetary Operation transaction until SBI maturity date
Section Six
Early Redemption of SBIS
Article 23
(1) If a Financing Facility Transaction settlement fails to become due using SBIS, the early redemption SBIS settlement value will be equal to the nominal value of the early redeemed SBIS and SBIS reward to which an SMO participant is entitled. (2) The SBIS reward set forth in paragraph (1) is calculated until the SBIS early redemption date.
Part Seven
Early Redemption of SDBI
Article 24
(1) Early redemption of SDBI will be made if:
a. settlement of a Conventional OMO Repo Transaction fails to become due; b. settlement of a Lending Facility Transaction fails to become due; or

c. transaction between a Commercial Bank and any
party other than Commercial Bank, all of which use SDBI. (2) The early redemption of SDBI set forth in paragraph (1) is made by using the following calculation of cash value settlement:
Note :
Nominal value : SDBI nominal value Discount rate : weighted average of discount rate on SDBI issuance Remaining term : the number of actual days counted from 1 (one) day after the failed settlement date of a CMO transaction until SDBI maturity date
CHAPTER V
CLOSING PROVISIONS
Article 25
Upon enforcement of this Regulation, regulation on criteria and requirements for securities in Monetary Operation set forth in:
a. Bank Indonesia Circular Number 18/29/DPM dated 29 November 2016 on Criteria and Requirements for Securities, Participants, and Intermediary Institutions in Monetary Operation; and b. Regulation of Members of Board of Governors Number 19/17/PADG/2017 dated 28 December 2017 on Criteria and Requirements for Securities, Participants, and Intermediary Institutions in Sharia Monetary Operation, are repealed and declared null and void.

Article 26
This Regulation starts to take effect as from its issuance date. For public recognition, it is hereby ordered that this Regulation be promulgated in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia. Established in Jakarta on MEMBER OF BOARD OF GOVERNORS, ERWIN RIJANTO

ELUCIDATION
ON
REGULATION OF MEMBERS OF BOARD OF GOVERNORS NUMBER 20/8/PADG/2018 ON CRITERIA AND REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITIES IN MONETARY OPERATION
I. GENERAL
In implementing the monetary policy to achieve Bank Indonesia's objective, Bank Indonesia exercises monetary control, among others through monetary operation in a conventional manner and in adherence to sharia principle. In implementing Monetary Operation in a conventional manner and in adherence to sharia principle, Bank Indonesia determines the criteria and requirements for securities which may be used in Monetary Operation.
II. ARTICLE BY ARTICLE
Article 1
Self-explanatory
Article 2
Self-explanatory
Article 3
Paragraph (1)
Self-explanatory
Paragraph (2)

Letter a
Cooperation between the central bank of another country and Bank Indonesia is entered into among others in the form of cross border collateral arrangement. Letter b Self-explanatory Letter c Self-explanatory Letter d Self-explanatory Letter e Self-explanatory
Article 4
Self-explanatory
Article 5
Self-explanatory
Article 6
Self-explanatory
Article 7
Letter a
Sharia principle fulfillment is stated in the form of fatwa and/or sharia opinion issuance by the authority competent in issuing fatwa and/or sharia opinion. Letter b Self-explanatory Letter c Self-explanatory Letter d Self-explanatory Letter e Self-explanatory

Article 8
Self-explanatory
Article 9
Self-explanatory
Article 10
Self-explanatory
Article 11
Self-explanatory
Article 12
Self-explanatory
Article 13
Self-explanatory
Article 14
Self-explanatory
Article 15
Self-explanatory
Article 16
Self-explanatory
Article 17
Self-explanatory
Article 18
Self-explanatory
Article 19
Self-explanatory

Article 20
Self-explanatory
Article 21
Self-explanatory
Article 22
Self-explanatory
Article 23
Self-explanatory
Article 24
Self-explanatory
Article 25
Self-explanatory
Article 26
Self-explanatory