Changes to information flows for UK equity IPOs

Policy Statement
PS26/16
Changes to information flows for UK equity IPOs August 2026

This relates to
Consultation Paper 26/14 which is available on our website at www.fca.org.uk/publications Telephone:
0207 066 5967
Email:
cp26-14@fca.org.uk
Sign up for our news and publications alerts See all our latest press releases, consultations and speeches. All our publications are available to download from www.fca.org.uk. Request an alternative format Please complete this form if you require this content in an alternative format. Or call 0207 066 1000

Contents
Chapter 1 Summary Page 4
Chapter 2 Changes to information sharing during equity IPOs Page 7
Chapter 3 Further opportunities for reform Page 9
Annex 1 List of respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 11
Annex 2 Updated compatibility statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 12
Annex 3 Abbreviations used in this paper Page 13
Appendix 1 Made rules (legal instrument)

Chapter 1
Summary
1.1 This policy statement (PS) responds to feedback to consultation paper (CP) CP26/14.
In CP26/14 we outlined proposals to amend our rules on information flows during UK equity initial public offerings (IPOs).
1.2 These rules were originally designed to improve conditions for independent research
on equity IPOs, as high-quality independent research can play an important role in supporting investors in the allocation of capital across the economy.
1.3 We remain committed to supporting robust independent research coverage across
markets. However, it is clear that these rules from 2018 have not always achieved their intended effect of encouraging unconnected research and have instead added market risk and costs for issuers.
1.4 Our proposals aimed to remove these additional costs and risks for issuers listing in the
UK, supporting the UK’s competitiveness as a listing venue. This PS sets out our final approach to our rules and when our new rules will come into force.
1.5 This PS also summarises feedback to discussion questions from Chapter 4 of CP26/14,
which we will consider as part of future work.
Who this affects
1.6 This PS and our final rules will affect:

• prospective issuers
• retail and institutional investors in shares admitted to a UK regulated market
• investment advisers, brokers and other intermediaries
• independent research providers (IRPs)
• law firms involved in the IPO process
• investment banks and other companies involved in the IPO process
• sponsors
  The wider context of this policy statement
  Our consultation
  1.7 Quality information is vital throughout the equity IPO process. Research can play an
  important role in this process, helping to guide price formation, mitigate risk and drive investor demand.

1.8 In 2018, we introduced rules to improve the quality and availability of information during
the UK equity IPO process and address perceived risks of bias in research coverage.
1.9 These rules had 3 broad aims:

• Restore the primacy of an FCA-approved prospectus.
• Encourage the production of unconnected research.
• Improve conduct standards around analyst/issuer interactions.
  1.10 Since then, markets have evolved significantly. Feedback suggested that some of the
  2018 rule changes designed to encourage the production of unconnected research haven’t always achieved their intended effect. Instead, they have added market risk and costs for issuers with no demonstrable benefits. This may put the UK at a competitive disadvantage, compared with listing venues in other jurisdictions that don’t have equivalent rules.
  1.11 We proposed to remove the 7-day delay for connected research and the broader equal
  information sharing requirements. This would remove the additional risk and burden for issuers and support issuers listing in the UK.
  1.12 We also consulted on a technical correction to COBS 12.2.21R which was amended
  when transferring the MiFID Organisational Regulation (MiFID Org Reg) to the Handbook. How it links to our objectives
  1.13 These changes advance our operational objective of enhancing market integrity, by
  reducing unnecessary market risk and frictions for issuers, reflecting changes in the market and improving efficiency in the UK listing process.
  1.14 Our changes also support our secondary objective in advancing competitiveness and
  growth by bringing our rules in line with relevant international peers. This will allow the UK market to compete more effectively to attract listings. A stronger listings market helps companies to access capital and to fund their growth and development, supporting the wider economy. It also provides investors with access to more diverse investment opportunities. Outcome we are seeking
  1.15 We want to reduce unnecessary market risk and frictions in the UK IPO process for
  issuers and market participants, to limit potential barriers for issuers considering listing in the UK and support the UK IPO market.

Measuring success
1.16 Our Rule Review Framework states that although we generally monitor key metrics of
new rules, this is not a requirement where it would be disproportionate, or if the new rule relates to a minor policy or rule change with minimal impact. Due to the nature of our changes, we’re satisfied that the proposed amendments are exempt from the requirement to be monitored.
1.17 We’ll continue to receive informal feedback from industry about the IPO process. We will
consider particular references to IPO research as part of any broader reviews. Summary of feedback and our response
1.18 We received 12 responses from a range of market participants. This included trade
associations, law firms, hedge funds, investment banks and IRPs.
1.19 Almost all respondents supported our proposals. As a result, we will implement our
changes as proposed in CP26/14.
1.20 We also received 12 responses to our discussion questions. We are not consulting
on any further changes at this time, but we will consider this feedback as part of future work. Cost benefit analysis
1.21 Section 138I(2)(a) of FSMA requires us to publish a cost benefit analysis (CBA) when
proposing draft rules. However, we do not need to do so if, in line with section 138L(3) of FSMA, we believe that there will be no increase in costs or that the increase will be of minimal significance. In Annex 2 of CP26/14, we explained our view that a CBA was not required for our proposals because the amendments would not lead to increased costs, or the increase would be of minimal significance. Respondents did not raise any material challenges to our assessment and our position remains unchanged. Next steps
1.22 The changes in this instrument will come into force immediately on
publication of this PS.
1.23 Firms and issuers will still have the option to engage with unconnected analysts during
the IPO process, but this will no longer be mandated, and any conditions should be negotiated on a commercial basis.

Chapter 2
Changes to information sharing during equity IPOs
2.1 This chapter sets out our final approach to the COBS 11A rules on information sharing
during equity IPOs, as detailed in Chapter 3 of CP26/14. It also includes a summary of the feedback and our response. Summary of feedback
2.2 In CP 26/14, we proposed to:

1. Amend COBS 11A.1.4FR to remove the 1/7-day waiting period between the
   publication of an approved registration document/prospectus and the publication of connected research.
2. Remove COBS 11A.1.4BR – COBS 11A.1.4ER which mandate that syndicate banks
   intending to publish connected IPO research share the same information with a range of unconnected analysts as they do with their own research analysts.
   2.3 We received 12 responses on the proposals. Most respondents strongly supported
   making both proposed changes. They agreed that the current requirements have not achieved their aim of encouraging unconnected research, with only a small number of unconnected analyst reports being published since the rules were introduced.
   2.4 Respondents also agreed that the 7-day waiting period has introduced unnecessary
   execution risk. They noted that this waiting period has been added by default to deals since these rules were introduced, due to issuer concerns about information management around a joint briefing. They also agreed it has made the UK an outlier in comparison with listing venues in other jurisdictions that do not have a comparable rule.
   2.5 Many respondents also agreed that removing the equal information sharing
   requirements would remove considerable frictions and costs from the IPO process. Some also noted that the processes required to ensure compliance with the current requirements can impede analysts’ ability to seek information from issuers to produce their research, as their interactions are often strictly structured to ensure all information can be shared effectively with other analysts
   2.6 Two respondents disagreed with the proposed changes. They argued that it is essential
   to give unconnected analysts the information and opportunity to produce research during an IPO to provide independent views of the issuer to inform the market and price formation. These responses challenged the suggestion that returning to a pre-2018 model would allow IRPs to negotiate access to information on a commercial basis. They argued that IRPs were not given any access before the rules were introduced.

Our response
We will implement the proposal as described in CP26/14. We acknowledge the potential value of unconnected research during an IPO process. However, we do not consider it proportionate to maintain these rules. It is clear from the feedback received that these reforms have not worked to encourage unconnected research and enhance market integrity as originally intended. Instead they have added execution risk and costs for issuers. Research, including independent research, plays a critical role in enhancing transparency and helping markets function well. We are committed to reviewing our rules and identifying further opportunities to encourage research coverage of UK IPOs and welcome further input on this.
2.7 Additionally, we proposed a correction to a technical error in the drafting of COBS
12.2.21R when it was transferred from the MiFID Org Reg as finalised in PS25/13. We received 5 responses and most respondents agreed with this change. One respondent disagreed. They argued that the intent was to prevent recommendations and target prices being shared with issuers ahead of publication and so the drafting should be amended accordingly. Our response We will implement the proposal as described in CP26/14. As described in the CP, our general approach to transferring rules from the MiFID Org Reg was to incorporate provisions without any change to obligations, making amendments only to align with Handbook style drafting. As such, we consider that reverting to the provision’s original drafting is the best way to ensure it aligns with the original policy intent.

Chapter 3
Further opportunities for reform
3.1 This chapter summarises the feedback on the discussion questions in Chapter 4 of
CP26/14. We are not consulting on any changes at this time, but we will consider this feedback as part of future policy work. Summary of feedback
3.2 The 2018 reforms also included requirements to address the two following objectives:

• Restoring the primacy of the approved registration document/prospectus.
• Reducing perceived conflicts of interest in the production of connected
  IPO research.
  3.3 We asked whether the requirement for an approved registration document/prospectus
  to be published before any connected research was beneficial overall, or whether we should consider any alternatives.
  3.4 We received 11 responses to this question. Most respondents argued that this
  requirement was not beneficial and should be amended.
  3.5 Several respondents argued that this requirement should be removed. They said
  significant additional costs are incurred as a result, without any corresponding benefits for the market. Some highlighted that these costs can be particularly significant for smaller deals, as they can prevent any research being published for smaller equity transactions. Another respondent observed that it can be beneficial to publish research ahead of the registration document for these deals in particular, to gauge potential interest in a deal. Due to the significant costs of an IPO, smaller issuers would prefer not to enter the public phase if there is not sufficient support.
  3.6 Respondents also noted that the IPO process often involves a reorganisation. This can
  mean the entity which is the subject of the registration document, is not the entity admitted to the Official List. In these cases, firms would need to duplicate work to revise disclosures and the registration document would provide less relevant information for investors.
  3.7 One respondent observed that the registration document can be helpful in building
  investor interest at an early stage. However, they argued for flexibility in the timing, suggesting this could be delayed to the start of the management roadshow.
  3.8 Two respondents argued that the current approach should be maintained. One
  respondent said that approved documents should always have publication primacy ahead of connected research, as this allows investors to make an informed assessment before pricing. Another saw less value in the publication of the registration document itself, but agreed with the principle of the requirement.

3.9 We also asked whether the COBS 12 guidance on pre-mandate issuer/analyst
interactions was useful or whether we should consider any changes.
3.10 We received 10 responses to this question. Respondents expressed mixed views,
though most challenged whether this prohibition was useful.
3.11 Respondents argued that this prohibition should be removed as research analysts are
an important part of an IPO, and issuers often choose a firm based on whether the firms’ analysts have the necessary sector expertise to cover their business. This shows that they value the opportunity to engage with the analysts early in the IPO process. Responses noted that other equivalent international regimes are less onerous and argued that this prohibition has put the UK at a competitive disadvantage.
3.12 One response highlighted that this prohibition can unfairly advantage firms who produce
non-independent research, rather than independent investment research, as these analysts are able to join pitches. Though this research must be labelled as ‘marketing communications’, the respondent noted this distinction is not always well understood by investors.
3.13 Some respondents suggested removing the specific prohibition but adding other
safeguards. Others argued that the risk of analyst bias is already substantively managed by existing rules in COBS 12 and SYSC 10.
3.14 One respondent argued that we should retain this prohibition as there is a clear and
material conflict of interest for an analyst to interact with the issuer as part of the pitch process. They said this would be exacerbated if this became critical to the appointment process.
3.15 We will consider this feedback for future work. We welcome further engagement on
these topics.

Annex 1
List of respondents
We are obliged to include a list of the names of respondents to our consultation who have consented to the publication of their name. That list is as follows:
Association for Financial Markets in Europe
Dentons UK and Middle East LLP
Fidelity International
Hill Dickinson LLP
Morningstar
Peel Hunt LLP
Rothschild & Co
The City of London Law Society
The European Association of Independent Research Providers The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales The Law Society UK Finance UK Private Capital White & Case LLP

Annex 2
Updated compatibility statement
Equality and diversity considerations

1. We have considered the equality and diversity issues that may arise from the rule
   changes in this Policy Statement.
2. Overall, we do not consider that the rule changes materially impact any of the groups
   with protected characteristics under the Equality Act 2010.
   Environmental, social & governance considerations
3. In developing this Policy Statement, we have considered the environmental, social and
   governance (ESG) implications of our rule changes and our duty under ss. 1B(5) and 3B(1)(c) of FSMA to have regard to contributing towards the Secretary of State achieving compliance with the net-zero emissions target under section 1 of the Climate Change Act 2008 and environmental targets [under s. 5 of the Environment Act 2021]. Overall, we do not consider that the changes are relevant to contributing to those targets.

Annex 3
Abbreviations used in this paper
Abbreviation Description
CBA Cost Benefit Analysis
COBS Conduct of Business Sourcebook
CP Consultation Paper
ESG Environmental, Social and Governance
FSMA Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 IPO Initial Public Offering IRP Independent Research Provider MiFID Org Reg MiFID Organisational Regulation PS Policy Statement SYSC Systems and Controls Sourcebook

Appendix 1
Made rules (legal instrument)

FCA 2026/53
CHANGES TO INFORMATION FLOWS FOR UK EQUITY IPOS INSTRUMENT 2026 Powers exercised A. The Financial Conduct Authority (“the FCA”) makes this instrument in the exercise of the following powers and related provisions in the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (“the Act”):
(1) section 137A (The FCA’s general rules);
(2) section 137T (General supplementary powers); (3) section 138C (Evidential provisions); and (4) section 139A (Power of the FCA to give guidance). B. The rule-making powers listed above are specified for the purposes of section 138G(2) (Rule-making instruments) of the Act. Commencement
C. This instrument comes into force on 5 August 2026.
Amendments to the FCA Handbook
D. The Conduct of Business sourcebook (COBS) is amended in accordance with the Annex to this instrument. Citation E. This instrument may be cited as the Changes to Information Flows for UK Equity IPOs Instrument 2026. By order of the Board 30 July 2026

FCA 2026/53
Annex
Amendments to the Conduct of Business sourcebook (COBS) In this Annex, underlining indicates new text and striking through indicates deleted text. 11A Underwriting and placing 11A.1 Underwriting and placing … Application of requirements for information flows during equity IPOs 11A.1.4 A R COBS 11A.1.4BR to COBS 11A.1.4FR apply applies to a firm that:
(1) has agreed to carry on regulated activities for a client that is an issuer (“the issuer client”) that include underwriting or placing of financial instruments, where:
(a) those financial instruments (“relevant securities”) are either:
(i) shares; or
(ii) certificates representing certain securities where the certificate or other instrument confers rights in respect of shares; (b) the relevant securities are intended to be admitted to trading in the UK for the first time; (c) the trading under sub-paragraph (b) is intended to be effected by an admission to trading on a regulated market; and (d) an approved prospectus will be required in accordance with PRM 1.4 for the relevant securities; and (2) is intending to disseminate investment research or non-independent research on that issuer client or those relevant securities before the admission to trading. Communications between the issuer and research analysts in equity IPOs 11A.1.4 B R (1) Unless it complies with paragraphs (2) and (3) a firm must prevent its staff involved in the production of investment research or non￾independent research (“the firm’s analysts”) from being in

FCA 2026/53 communication with the issuer client and/or the issuer client’s representatives outside of the firm (“the issuer team”). [deleted] (2) Prior to the firm’s analysts being in communication with the issuer team, the firm must ensure that a range of unconnected analysts (as defined in paragraph (4)) will have the opportunity (subject to COBS 11A.1.4CR) either:
(a) to join the firm’s analysts in any communication with the issuer team that is made or received before the firm disseminates any investment research or non-independent research about the issuer client or the relevant securities as described in COBS 11A.1.4AR(1); or (b) to be in communication with the issuer team in a way that satisfies the following conditions:
(i) the communication results in those unconnected analysts receiving or being given access to all the information that is:
(A) given by the issuer team to the firm’s analysts during the relevant period; and (B) relevant for the purposes of the firm producing any investment research or non￾independent research on the issuer client or the relevant securities; (ii) the information that each of those unconnected analysts receives or can access is identical; (iii) that communication is completed before the end of the relevant period; and (iv) the relevant period for the purposes of sub-paragraphs (2)(b)(i) and (2)(b)(iii) starts from the time at which this rule applies and ends at the time at which the firm disseminates any investment research or non￾independent research on the issuer client or the relevant securities. (3) (a) To select the range of unconnected analysts under paragraph (2) the firm must:

FCA 2026/53
(i) undertake an assessment of the potential range of unconnected analysts for the purposes of paragraph (2); and (ii) use that assessment to ensure that the range of unconnected analysts given the opportunity under paragraph (2) is one that, in the firm’s reasonable opinion, has a reasonable prospect of enabling potential investors to undertake a better-informed assessment of the present or future value of the relevant securities based on a more diverse set of substantiated opinions, compared to a situation in which the only research available to potential investors is that disseminated by firms providing the service of underwriting or placing to the issuer client. (b) For its assessment and opinion under sub-paragraph (a) the firm may assume that an unconnected analyst that is given an opportunity to interact with the issuer team will publish an opinion on the firm’s issuer client that will be available to potential investors. (c) The firm must make a written record of its assessment and opinion under sub-paragraph (a) at the time at which it forms its opinion. (d) The firm’s record under sub-paragraph (c) must:
(i) set out the firm’s process for conducting the assessment and forming the opinion under sub￾paragraph (a); (ii) identify the firm’s staff that were involved in forming that opinion; and (iii) explain the firm’s consideration of the number and expertise of the unconnected analysts included in the range. (e) The firm must retain the record made under sub-paragraph (c) for five years from the date on which it is made. (4) An “unconnected analyst” means a person other than the firm or its staff:
(a) who does not provide the service of underwriting or placing of the same relevant securities to the same issuer client; and

FCA 2026/53
(b) whose business or occupation may reasonably be expected to involve the production of research. 11A.1.4 C R (1) If an opportunity communicated to the range of unconnected analysts under COBS 11A.1.4BR(2) is subject to any restrictions that would apply to any of the unconnected analysts that accept the opportunity, a firm must ensure that those restrictions would not unreasonably prevent, limit or discourage those unconnected analysts from producing and disseminating research on the issuer client or the relevant securities. [deleted] (2) The firm must also make and retain a written record of any such restrictions, regardless of whether the restrictions are subsequently applied to any unconnected analyst. (3) The firm must make the record at the time the opportunity is communicated to the range of unconnected analysts. (4) The firm must keep the record for a period of five years after the date it was made. 11A.1.4 D E (1) A restriction is unreasonable under COBS 11A.1.4CR(1) if it prevents an unconnected analyst from producing and disseminating research in circumstances in which the firm that is subject to COBS 11A.1.4CR is itself able to produce and disseminate investment research or non-independent research. [deleted] (2) Contravention of (1) may be relied upon as tending to establish non￾compliance with COBS 11A.1.4CR(1). 11A.1.4 E R (1) Where a firm acts in accordance with COBS 11A.1.4BR(2)(b) then it must make and retain a written record of: [deleted] (a) the information on the issuer or the relevant securities that is given by the issuer team to the firm’s analysts during the relevant period under COBS 11A.1.4BR(2)(b)(iv); and (b) the information on the issuer or the relevant securities that is given by the issuer team to each of the relevant unconnected analysts during the same period. (2) The firm must make the record at the end of that period. (3) The firm must keep the record for a period of five years after the date it was made. Timing restrictions for disseminating research on equity IPOs

FCA 2026/53
11A.1.4
F
R (1) A firm must not disseminate investment research or non-independent research on the relevant issuer client or relevant securities as described in COBS 11A.1.4AR(1) until after the relevant time in paragraph (2) the publication of the relevant document in (3). (2) The relevant time is: [deleted] (a) where a firm acts in accordance with COBS 11A.1.4BR(2)(a), one day after the publication of the relevant document in paragraph (3); or (b) otherwise, seven days after the publication of the relevant document in paragraph (3). (3) The relevant document is:
(a) an approved prospectus regarding the relevant securities; or (b) an approved registration document regarding the issuer. (4) For this rule, publication of the relevant document means making the relevant document available to the public in accordance with PRM 9.5. (5) This rule does not apply to a firm in circumstances where, as a result of the firm’s analysts being prevented from being in communication with the issuer team, it has not needed to engage with any unconnected analysts for the purposes of COBS 11A.1.4BR. [deleted] … 12 Investment research …
12.2 Investment research and non-independent research
…
Measures and arrangements required for investment research
12.2.21 R (1) A firm falling within COBS 12.2.19R(1) must have in place
arrangements designed to ensure that the following conditions are satisfied:
…

FCA 2026/53
(f) before the dissemination of investment research to, issuers, where the draft includes a recommendation or target price, no person, relevant persons other than financial analysts, and any other persons are not permitted to review a draft of the investment research for the purpose of verifying the accuracy of factual statements made in that research, or for any purpose other than verifying compliance with the firm’s legal obligations, where the draft includes a recommendation or a target price. … Sch 1 Record keeping requirements … Sch 1.3 G Handbook reference Subject of record Contents of record When record must be made Retention period … COBS 11A.1.4BR (3)(c) [deleted] The firm’s assessment under COBS 11A.1.4BR(3) (a) (1) The firm’s process for conducting the assessment and reaching the opinion under COBS 11A.1.4BR(3)(a); (2) the firm’s staff that were involved in reaching that opinion; and (3) an explanation of the firm’s consideration of the number and expertise of the unconnected analysts included in the range. Once the firm has formed its opinion under COBS 11A.1.4BR(3)(a) 5 years

FCA 2026/53
COBS
11A.1.4CR
[deleted]
Restrictions on unconnected analysts
Any restrictions that would be imposed on each unconnected analyst that accepts the opportunity under COBS 11A.1.4BR(2) When the opportunity is communicated to the range of unconnected analysts 5 years COBS 11A.1.4.ER [deleted] Information given by the issuer team during the relevant period under COBS 11A.1.4BR(2) (b)(iv) (1) The information on the issuer or the relevant securities that is given by the issuer team to the firm’s analysts during the relevant period under COBS 11A.1.4BR(2)(b) (iv); and (2) the information on the issuer or the relevant securities that is given by the issuer team to each of the range of unconnected analysts during the same period. At the end of the relevant period under COBS 11A.1.4BR(2)(b) (iv) 5 years …

© Financial Conduct Authority 2026
12 Endeavour Square London E20 1JN
Telephone: +44 (0)20 7066 1000
Website: www.fca.org.uk
All rights reserved
Pub ref: 1-008604
All our publications are available to download from www.fca.org.uk. Request an alternative format Please complete this form if you require this content in an alternative format. Or call 0207 066 1000 Sign up for our news and publications alerts