Final Report on Guidelines on stress test scenarios under the MMF Regulation

7 January 2025
ESMA50-43599798-10651
Final Report
Guidelines on stress test scenarios under the MMF Regulation

7 January 2025
ESMA50-43599798-10651
ESMA - 201-203 rue de Bercy - CS 80910 - 75589 Paris Cedex 12 - France - Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 - www.esma.europa.eu 1
Table of Contents
1 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................3
2 Background.................................................................................................................4
3 Annex..........................................................................................................................7
1 Scope..........................................................................................................................7
2 Purpose.......................................................................................................................7
3 The Compliance and reporting obligations...................................................................9
3.1 Status of the guidelines ........................................................................................9
3.2 Reporting requirements........................................................................................9
4 Guidelines on stress test scenarios under Article 28 of the MMF Regulation (Financial market participants are not required to report results of stress tests referred to in sections
4.1 to 4.7 below)...............................................................................................................10
4.1 Guidelines on certain general features of the stress test scenarios of MMF .......10
4.2 Guidelines on stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical changes in the level
of liquidity of the assets held in the portfolio of the MMF...............................................13
4.3 Guidelines on stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical changes in the level
of credit risk of the assets held in the portfolio of the MMF, including credit events and
rating events .................................................................................................................13
4.4 Guidelines on stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical movements of the
interest rates and exchange rates.................................................................................14
4.5 Guidelines on stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical levels of redemption
15
4.6 Guidelines on stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical widening or
narrowing of spreads among indexes to which interest rates of portfolio securities are tied 16
4.7 Guidelines on stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical macro systemic
shocks affecting the economy as a whole.....................................................................16

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4.8 Guidelines on the establishment of additional common reference stress test
scenarios (the results of which should be included in the
template mentioned in Article 37(4) of the MMF Regulation)........................................16
4.8.1 Level of changes of liquidity............................................................................17
4.8.2 Level of change of credit risk ..........................................................................19
4.8.3 Levels of change of the interest rates and exchange rates and levels of widening
or narrowing of spreads among indices to which interest rates of portfolio securities are tied 20
4.8.4 Levels of redemption ......................................................................................21
4.8.5 Macro-systemic shocks affecting the economy as a whole .............................24
5 Calibration.................................................................................................................26
5.1 Common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios in relation to
hypothetical changes in the level of liquidity of the assets held in the portfolio of the MMF 27
5.2 Common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical
changes in the level of credit risk of the assets held in the portfolio of the MMF, including credit
events and rating events .................................................................................................30
5.3 Common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios in relation to
hypothetical movements of the interest rates ................................................................34
5.4 Common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios in relation to
hypothetical movements of the exchange rates ............................................................38
5.5 Common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios in relation to
hypothetical widening or narrowing of spreads among indexes to which interest rates of
portfolio securities are tied ............................................................................................42
5.6 Common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios in relation to
hypothetical levels of redemption..................................................................................43
5.7 Common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios in relation to
hypothetical macro systemic shocks affecting the economy as a whole........................46
6 Appendix ...................................................................................................................48

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ESMA - 201-203 rue de Bercy - CS 80910 - 75589 Paris Cedex 12 - France - Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 - www.esma.europa.eu 3 1 Executive Summary Reasons for publication
Article 28 of the MMF Regulation provides that ESMA shall develop guidelines with a view
to establishing common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios to be included in the stress tests that MMFs or managers of MMFs are required to conduct. These guidelines are updated at least every year taking into account the latest market developments. ESMA published the latest update of these guidelines on 19 December 20231 and their translation on 6 March 2024 (“the 2023 Guidelines” also referred to as ESMA34-49-4952 ). This 2024 final report includes:

• Additional explanation on the way to report the results of the macro systemic
  shocks (section 4.8 of the Guidelines)
• Updated guidelines and risk parameters, so that managers of MMFs have the
  information needed to fill in the reporting template mentioned in article 37 of the MMF Regulation (section 5 of the Guidelines) Contents The annex of this report contains the full text of the updated guidelines and the calibration of the scenarios for 2024 (updates in red). Next Steps The Guidelines in the annex of this report will be translated into the official EU languages and published on the ESMA website. The publication of the translations will trigger a two￾month period during which NCAs must notify ESMA whether they comply or intend to comply with the guidelines. The updated guidelines in this final report, including the new 2024 parameters, will apply 2 months after the publication of the translations of the Guidelines. After the start of the application of the updated guidelines, managers will have to report the results of the new parameters to NCAs with their quarterly reports, for the purpose of the reporting referred to in Article 37 of the MMF Regulation and set out in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/7083 . Until then, managers should use the parameters set in the 2023 Guidelines and report the results accordingly.

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1. Article 28(7) of the Money Market Funds Regulation (MMFR)4 provides that the European
   Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) shall develop guidelines with a view to establishing common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios to be included in the stress tests that Money Market Funds (MMFs) or managers of MMFs are required to conduct. These guidelines shall be updated at least every year taking into account the latest market developments. ESMA published the latest update of these guidelines on 19 December 2023 and their translation on 6 March 2024 (“the 2023 Guidelines”).

2. ESMA has worked in collaboration with the ESRB and the ECB for the annual calibration
   of the risk parameters. The scenario reflects the assessment of prevailing sources of systemic risks identified for the EU financial system as of November 2024. Considering that the scenario reflects the assessment of systemic risk by ESMA, the ESRB and the ECB, ESMA has not conducted a public consultation on its calibration.5

3. Managers of MMFs are expected to include the results of the stress tests in the reports to
   be sent to National Competent Authorities (NCAs) through the reporting template. The Guidelines include stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical changes in MMFs’:

• liquidity levels;
• credit and interest rate risks;
• redemptions levels;
• widening/ narrowing of spreads among indexes to which interest rates of portfolio
  securities are tied; and
• macro-economic shocks.

4. While sections 4.8.5 on macro systemic shocks and 5 on the calibration of the Guidelines
   have been updated, all the other sections of the 2023 Guidelines continue to apply, 1 Final Report on Guidelines on stress test scenarios under the MMF Regulation (ESMA50-43599798-9011) 2 Guidelines on stress test scenarios under the MMF Regulation - 2023 update (europa.eu) 3 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/708 of 17 April 2018 laying down implementing technical standards with regard to the template to be used by managers of money market funds when reporting to competent authorities as stipulated by Article 37 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1131 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L119, 15.5.2018, p. 5). 4 Regulation (EU) 2017/1131 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on money market funds (OJ L 169, 30.06.2017, p. 8). 5 The previous calibrations of the stress scenarios were not part of a public consultation either.

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ESMA - 201-203 rue de Bercy - CS 80910 - 75589 Paris Cedex 12 - France - Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 - www.esma.europa.eu 5 including the internal stress test exercise to be carried out by managers of MMFs. Article 28(1) of the MMFR provides that “Each MMF shall have in place sound stress testing processes that identify possible events or future changes in economic conditions which could have unfavourable effects on the MMF”. These internal stress tests could include other factors than those referred to in the 2024 Guidelines, and when designing these internal stress tests, ESMA expects that MMFs would factor in the impact of historical market stress according to the risk profile of their fund.
5. With respect to the 2024 update of section 5 of the Guidelines, the adverse scenario is
calibrated to be severe, consistent with an increase in tail risks, in a context of high geopolitical uncertainty stemming from multiple conflicts worldwide. These geopolitical events would amplify trade disruptions and lead to a sharp increase in commodity prices, ultimately leading to inflationary pressures. In turn, the rise of inflation would trigger a broad re-appraisal in market expectations of monetary policy, generating a spike in market risk￾free rates.
6. The resulting tightening of financing conditions, in combination with sluggish economic
growth, would drive higher asset price volatility. Geopolitical instability and high volatility levels would cause significant disruptions in financial markets, particularly influencing the spreads of corporate and government bonds. This would be due to the increased strain on corporate debt servicing capabilities and the prevailing post-pandemic elevated levels of government debt, exacerbated by the high interest rate environment foreseen in the adverse scenario. Due to differing macroeconomic and fiscal positions, the upward shifts in sovereign risk premia would be heterogenous across countries.
7. The perceived risk on debt securities, combined with highly volatile market conditions,
would cause an abrupt slowdown in market activity, as mirrored by a sharp reduction in instruments’ market liquidity and a widening of bid-ask spreads. Finally, such market reactions would also lead to an abrupt revaluation of other financial assets and real estate prices, inducing substantial volatility for market participants and causing sharp increases in risk premia.
8. The rest of the Guidelines are largely unchanged:

• The calibration of the scenario in relation to hypothetical levels of redemption was
  modified in 2020 in light of the COVID-19 crisis. These parameters calibrated to reflect the severity of the crisis are still considered appropriate and have not been changed.
• The resulting Guidelines include unchanged provisions related to internal stress
  test exercise to be carried out by managers of MMFs in sections 4.1 to 4.7. The
  section 4.8 on the establishment of additional common reference stress test
  scenarios includes changes to the assessment of the level of macro systemic shocks in red. While the scenario is unchanged, ESMA and the NCAs observed

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9. Section 5 of the Guidelines includes updated parameters in red which reflect the new
scenario. Changes include more granular parameters for the scenarios in relation to hypothetical changes in the level of liquidity of the assets. The increased granularity will allow to distinguish the impact between assets from funds holding assets with a maturity of three months to two years. 6 See ESMA60-1389274163-2560 TRV risk analysis article - MMF stress test, ESMA, 2023.

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ESMA - 201-203 rue de Bercy - CS 80910 - 75589 Paris Cedex 12 - France - Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 - www.esma.europa.eu 7 3 Annex Guidelines on MMF stress tests (updates in red indicate additional text added, parameter updates or amendments which constitute the 2024 update to the ESMA34-49-115 Guidelines) 1 Scope Who?
10. These guidelines apply to competent authorities, money market funds and managers of
money market funds as defined in the MMF Regulation7 .
What?
11. These guidelines apply in relation to Article 28 of the MMF Regulation and establish
common reference parameters for the stress test scenarios to be included in the stress tests conducted by MMFs or managers of MMFs in accordance with that Article. When?
12. These guidelines apply from two months after the date of publication of the guidelines on
ESMA’s website in all EU official languages (with respect to parts in red – the other parts of the Guidelines already apply from the dates specified in Articles 44 and 47 of the MMF Regulation). 2 Purpose
13. The purpose of these guidelines is to ensure common, uniform and consistent application
of the provisions in Article 28 of the MMF Regulation. In particular, and as specified in
Article 28(7) of the MMF Regulation, they establish common reference parameters of the
stress test scenarios to be included in the stress tests taking into account the following factors specified in Article 28(1) of the MMF Regulation:
7 Regulation (EU) 2017/1131 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on money market funds (OJ L 169, 30.06.2017, p. 8).

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14. In accordance with Article 28(7) MMF Regulation, these guidelines will be updated at least
every year taking into account the latest market developments. In 2024, sections 4.8 and 5 of these guidelines were updated so that managers of MMFs have the information needed to fill in the corresponding fields in the reporting template referred to in Article 37 of the MMF Regulation, as specified by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/7088 . This information includes specifications on the types of stress tests mentioned in section 5 and their calibration.

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3.1 Status of the guidelines
15. In accordance with Article 16(3) of the ESMA Regulation, competent authorities and
financial market participants must make every effort to comply with these guidelines.
16. Competent authorities to which these guidelines apply should comply by incorporating
them into their national legal and/or supervisory frameworks as appropriate, including where particular guidelines are directed primarily at financial market participants. In this case, competent authorities should ensure through their supervision that financial market participants comply with the guidelines.
3.2 Reporting requirements
17. Within two months of the date of publication of the guidelines on ESMA’s website in all EU
official languages, competent authorities to which these guidelines apply must notify ESMA whether they (i) comply, (ii) do not comply, but intend to comply, or (iii) do not comply and do not intend to comply with the guidelines.
18. In case of non-compliance, competent authorities must also notify ESMA within two months
of the date of publication of the guidelines on ESMA’s website in all EU official languages of their reasons for not complying with the guidelines.
19. A template for notifications is available on ESMA’s website. Once the template has been
filled in, it shall be transmitted to ESMA.

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4.1 Guidelines on certain general features of the stress test
scenarios of MMF
Scope of the effects on the MMF of the proposed stress test scenarios
20. Article 28(1) of the MMF Regulation requires MMFs to put in place “sound stress testing
processes that identify possible events or future changes in economic conditions which could have unfavourable effects on the MMF”.
21. This leaves room for interpretation on the exact meaning of the “effects on the MMF”, such
as:

• impact on the portfolio or net asset value of the MMF,
• impact on the minimum amount of liquid assets that mature daily or weekly as
  referred to in Article 24(c) to 24(h) and Article 25(c) to 25(e) of the MMF Regulation,
• impact on the ability of the manager of the MMF to meet investors’ redemption
  requests,
• impact on the difference between the constant NAV per unit or share and the NAV
  per unit or share (as explicitly mentioned in Article 28(2) of the MMF Regulation in the case of CNAV and LVNAV MMFs),
• impact on the ability of the manager to comply with the different diversification rules
  as specified in Article 17 of the MMF Regulation.

22. The wording of Article 28(1) of the MMF Regulation should include various possible
    definitions. In particular, the stress test scenarios referred to in Article 28 of the MMF Regulation should test the impact of the various factors listed in Article 28(1) of the MMF Regulation on both i) the portfolio or net asset value of the MMF and ii) the liquidity bucket(s) of the MMF and/or the ability of the manager of the MMF to meet investors’ redemption requests. This broad interpretation is in line with the stress-testing framework of the AIFMD, which includes both meanings in its Articles 15(3)(b) and 16(1). The

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ESMA - 201-203 rue de Bercy - CS 80910 - 75589 Paris Cedex 12 - France - Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 - www.esma.europa.eu 11 specifications included in the following sections 4.2 to 4.7 therefore apply to stress test scenarios on both aspects mentioned above.
23. With respect to liquidity, it is to be noted that liquidity risk may result from: (i) significant
redemptions; (ii) deterioration of the liquidity of assets; or (iii) a combination of the two. Historical scenarios and hypothetical scenarios
24. With respect to both stress test scenarios on i) the portfolio or net asset value of the MMF
and ii) the liquidity bucket(s) of the MMF and/or the ability of the manager of the MMF to meet investors’ redemption requests, managers could use the factors specified in sections
4.2 to 4.7 using historical and hypothetical scenarios.
25. Historical scenarios reproduce the parameters of previous event or crises and extrapolate
the impact they would have had on the present portfolio of the MMF.
26. While using historical scenarios, managers should vary the time windows in order to
process several scenarios and avoid getting stress test results that depend overly on an arbitrary time window (e.g. one period with low interest rates and another with higher rates). By way of example, some commonly used scenarios refer to junk bonds in 2001, subprime mortgages in 2007, the Greek crisis in 2009 and the Chinese stock market crash in 2015. These scenarios may include independent or correlated shocks depending on the model.
27. Hypothetical scenarios are aimed at anticipating a specific event or crisis by setting its
parameters and predicting its impact on the MMF. Examples of hypothetical scenarios include those based on economic and financial shocks, country or business risk (e.g. bankruptcy of a sovereign state or crash in an industrial sector). This type of scenario may require the creation of a dashboard of all changed risk factors, a correlation matrix and a choice of financial behaviour model. It also includes probabilistic scenarios based on implied volatility.
28. Such scenarios may be single-factor or multi-factor scenarios. Factors can be uncorrelated
(fixed income, equity, counterparty, forex, volatility, correlation, etc.) or correlated: a particular shock may spread to all risk factors, depending on the correlation table used. Aggregation of stress tests
29. In certain circumstances, in addition, managers could use aggregate stress test scenarios
on a range of MMFs or even on all the MMFs managed by the manager. Aggregating results would provide an overview and could show, for example, the total volume of assets held by all the MMFs of the manager in a particular position, and the potential impact of several portfolios selling out of that position at the same time during a liquidity crisis. Reverse stress testing

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30. In addition to the stress test scenarios discussed in this section, the inclusion of reverse
stress testing may also be of benefit. The intention behind a reverse stress test is to subject the MMF to stress testing scenarios to the point of failure, including the point where the regulatory thresholds set up in the MMF Regulation, such as those included in its Article 37(3)(a) would be breached. This would allow the manager of a MMF to have another tool to explore any vulnerabilities, pre-empt, and resolve such risks. Combination of the various factors mentioned in the following sections 4.2 to 4.7 with investors’ redemption requests
31. All factors mentioned in the following sections 4.2 to 4.7 should be tested against several
levels of redemption. This is not to say that at first, managers should not also test them separately (without combining them with tests against levels of redemption), in order to be able to identify the corresponding respective impacts. The way this combination of the various factors mentioned in the following sections 4.2 to 4.7 with investors’ redemption requests could be carried out is further specified in each of these sections.
32. In that context, some hypothesis on the behaviour of the manager with regard to honouring
the redemption requests could be required.
33. A practical example of one possible implementation is given in Appendix.
Stress tests in the case of CNAV and LVNAV MMFs
34. Article 28(2) of the MMF Regulation indicates that in addition to the stress test criteria as
set out in Article 28(1), CNAV and LVNAV MMFs shall estimate for different scenarios, the difference between the constant NAV per unit or share and the NAV per unit or share. While estimating this difference, and if the manager of the MMF is of the view that this would be useful additional information, it may also be relevant to estimate the impact of the relevant factors included in sections 4.2 to 4.7 on the volatility of the portfolio or on the volatility of the net asset value of the fund. Non-exhaustiveness of the factors mentioned in the following sections 4.2 to 4.7
35. The factors set out in the following sections 4.2 to 4.7 are minimum requirements. The
manager would be expected to tailor the approach to the specificities of its MMFs and add any factors or requirements that it would deem useful to the stress test exercise. Examples of other factors that could be taken into account include the repo rate considering MMFs are a significant player in that market.
36. More generally the manager should build a number of scenarios, with different levels of
severity, which would combine all the relevant factors (which is to say that there should not just be separate stress tests for each factor – please also refer to the following sections
4.2 to 4.7).

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4.2 Guidelines on stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical
changes in the level of liquidity of the assets held in the portfolio of the MMF
37. With respect to the level of changes of liquidity of the assets mentioned in Article 28(1)(a)
of the MMF Regulation, managers could consider such parameters as:

• the gap between the bid and ask prices;
• the trading volumes;
• the maturity profile of assets;
• the number of counterparties active in the secondary market. This would reflect the
  fact that lack of liquidity of assets may result from secondary markets related issues, but may also be related to the maturity of the asset.

38. The manager could also consider a stress test scenario that would reflect an extreme event
    of liquidity shortfall due to dramatic redemptions, by combining the liquidity stress test with a bid - ask spread multiplied by a certain factor while assuming a certain redemption rate of the NAV
    4.3 Guidelines on stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical
    changes in the level of credit risk of the assets held in the portfolio of the MMF, including credit events and rating events
39. With respect to the levels of changes in credit risk of the asset mentioned in Article 28(1)(b),
    guidance on this factor should not be too prescriptive because the widening or narrowing of credit spreads is usually based on quickly evolving market conditions.
40. However, managers could, for example, consider:

• the downgrade or default of particular portfolio security positions, each representing
  relevant exposures in the MMF’s portfolio;
• the default of the biggest position of the portfolio combined with a downgrade of the
  ratings of assets within the portfolio;
• parallels shifts of the credit spreads of a certain level for all assets held in the
  portfolio.

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41. With respect to such stress tests involving the levels of changes of credit risk of the asset,
it would also be relevant to consider the impact of such stress tests on the credit quality assessment of the corresponding asset in the context of the methodology described in
Article 19 of the MMF Regulation.
42. The manager should, for the purpose of combining different factors, combine changes to
the level of credit risk of the assets held in the portfolio of the MMF with given levels of redemptions. The manager could consider a stress test scenario that would reflect an extreme event of stress due to uncertainty about the solvency of market participants, which would lead to increased risk premia and a flight to quality. This stress test scenario would combine the default of a certain percentage of the portfolio with spreads going up together while assuming a certain redemption rate of the NAV.
43. The manager could also consider a stress test scenario that would combine a default of a
certain percentage of the value of the portfolio with an increase in short term interest rates and a certain redemption rate of the NAV.
4.4 Guidelines on stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical
movements of the interest rates and exchange rates
44. With respect to the levels of change of the interest rates and exchange rates mentioned in
Article 28(1)(c) of the MMF Regulation, managers could consider stress testing of parallel
shifts of a certain level. More specifically, managers could consider depending on the specific nature of their strategy:
i. an increase in the level of short term interest rates with 1-month and 3-month treasury
rates going up simultaneously while assuming a certain redemption rate;
ii. a gradual increase in the long term interest rates for sovereign bonds;
iii. a parallel and/or non parallel shift in the interest rate curve that would change short,
medium and long interest rate;
iv. movements of the FX rate (base currency vs other currencies).
45. The manager could also consider a stress test scenario that would reflect an extreme event
of increased interest rates that would combine an increase in short-term interest rates with a certain redemption rate. The manager could also consider a matrix of interest rates / credit spreads.

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4.5 Guidelines on stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical
levels of redemption
46. With respect to the levels of redemption mentioned in Article 28(1)(d) of the MMF
Regulation, managers could consider redemption stress tests following from historical or hypothetical redemption levels or with the redemption being the maximum of either a certain percentage of the NAV or an opt-out redemption option exercised by the most important investors.
47. Stress tests on redemptions should include the specific measures which the MMF has the
constitutional power to activate (for instance, gates and redemption notice).
48. The simulation of redemptions should be calibrated based on stability analysis of the
liabilities (i.e. the capital), which itself depends on the type of investor (institutional, retail, private bank, etc.) and the concentration of the liabilities. The particular characteristics of the liabilities and any cyclical changes to redemptions would need to be taken into account when establishing redemption scenarios. However, there are many ways to test liabilities and redemptions. Examples of significant redemption scenarios include i) redemptions of a percentage of the liabilities ii) redemptions equal to the largest redemptions ever seen iii) redemptions based on an investor behaviour model.
49. Redemptions of a percentage of the liabilities could be defined based on the frequency of
calculating the net asset value, any redemption notice period and the type of investors.
50. It is to be noted that liquidating positions without distorting portfolio allocation requires a
technique known as slicing, whereby the same percentage of each asset (or each liquidity class if the assets are categorised according to their liquidity, also known as bucketing) is sold, rather than selling the most liquid assets first. The design and execution of the stress test should take into account and specify whether to apply a slicing approach or by contrast a waterfall approach (i.e. selling the most liquid assets first).
51. In the case of redemption of units by the largest investor(s), rather than defining an arbitrary
redemption percentage as in the previous case, managers could use information about the investor base of the MMF to refine the stress test. Specifically, the scenario involving redemption of units by the largest investors should be calibrated based on the concentration of the fund’s liabilities and the relationships between the manager and the principal investors of the MMF (and the extent to which investors’ behaviour is deemed volatile).
52. Managers could also stress test scenarios involving redemptions equal to the largest
redemptions ever seen in a group of similar (geographically or in terms of fund type) MMFs or across all the funds managed by the manager. However, the largest redemptions

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53. A practical example of one possible implementation is given in Appendix.
4.6 Guidelines on stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical
widening or narrowing of spreads among indexes to which interest rates of portfolio securities are tied
54. With respect to the extent of a widening or narrowing of spreads among indexes to which
interest rates of portfolio securities are tied as mentioned in Article 28(1)(e) of the MMF Regulation, managers could consider the widening of spreads in various sectors to which the portfolio of the MMF is exposed, in combination with various increase in shareholder redemptions. Managers could in particular consider a widening of spreads going up.
4.7 Guidelines on stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical
macro systemic shocks affecting the economy as a whole
55. With respect to the identification of macro-systemic shocks affecting the economy as a
whole mentioned in Article 28(1)(f) of the MMF Regulation, guidance on this item should not be prescriptive because the choice of hypothetical macro systemic shocks will depend to a large extent on the latest developments in the market.
56. However, ESMA is of the view that managers could use an adverse scenario in relation to
the GDP. Managers could also replicate macro systemic shocks that affected the economy as a whole in the past.
57. Examples of such global stress test scenarios that the manager could consider are
provided in Appendix.
4.8 Guidelines on the establishment of additional common
reference stress test scenarios (the results of which should be included in the reporting template mentioned in Article 37(4) of the MMF Regulation)
58. In addition to the stress tests managers of MMFs conduct taking into account sections 4.1
to 4.7 of these guidelines, managers of MMFs should conduct the following common reference stress test scenarios. the results of which should be included in the reporting template mentioned in Article 37(4) of the MMF Regulation.

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4.8.1 Level of changes of liquidity
59. With respect to the level of changes of liquidity of the assets mentioned in Article 28(1)(a)
of the MMF Regulation:

• Managers of MMFs should apply the discount factors specified in section 5 of the
  guidelines9 to reflect the increase in liquidity premia due to deterioration of market liquidity conditions in a stress scenario.
• At the same time, managers of MMFs should assume redemption requests and simulate
  the sale of a vertical slice of the fund portfolio whereby the same percentage of each asset is sold to meet redemptions. The redemption requests are calibrated according to the redemption scenario specified in section 5 of the guidelines.
• Asset sales would impact asset prices. The “price impact parameter” is the impact on the
  price of an asset for a given amount of sales. The more the fund sells an asset, the more it impacts the price of the given (“price impact factor”). For each asset, managers of MMFs should apply the price impact parameter specified in section 5 of the guidelines:
  𝐏𝐏𝐏𝐏𝐏𝐏𝐏𝐏𝐏𝐏 𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢 𝐢𝐢 𝐟𝐟 𝐟𝐟 = 𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢 𝐢𝐢 ∗ 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝐬𝐬
• For each relevant transferable security, managers of MMFs should apply the discount
  factors and the price impact factors to the price used for the valuation of the fund at the time of the reporting (𝐕𝐕 ) in accordance with Article 29(3)(a), according to their type and maturity, to derive an adjusted price (𝐕𝐕 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚):
  𝐕𝐕 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 = (𝟏𝟏 − 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝐥𝐥 𝐝𝐝 − 𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢 𝐢𝐢 𝐟𝐟 𝐟𝐟 ) ∗ 𝐕𝐕
• The impact of the liquidity discount should be evaluated for all assets including the
  following (non-exhaustive list of) eligible assets: Sovereign Bonds, Corporate Bonds, Commercial Papers, Certificates of deposit, ABCPs and eligible securitisations.
• The manager of the MMF should estimate the impact of the potential losses by (a) valuing
  the remaining investment portfolio at the derived adjusted price, 𝐕𝐕 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚, to determine the stressed NAV; (b) valuing assets sold at the derived adjusted price, 𝐕𝐕 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚; and (c) calculating the impact as a percentage of the reporting NAV:
  9 The discount factor is calibrated on bid-ask spreads.

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The following assets should be stressed, using the discount factors specified in section 5 of the guidelines:

• Sovereign bonds, with a break down at country level;
• Corporate bonds, including commercial papers issued by financial and non￾financial corporates and certificates of deposits, distinguishing at least between
  investment grade and high yield instruments;
• ABCPs and eligible securitisations, using the corporate bond parameters.
• Shares issued by other MMFs, using the corporate bond parameters (when there
  is a difference between financial and non-financial, it shall be the financial corporate bond parameters).
• Other assets (especially repos), using the corporate bond parameters (when there
  is a difference between financial and non-financial, it shall be the financial corporate bond parameters). Managers of MMFs should assume redemption requests and simulate the sale of a vertical slice of the fund portfolio whereby the same percentage of each asset is sold to meet redemptions. Asset sales would impact asset prices. According to the price impact parameter specified in section 5 of the guidelines:
• For example, if a fund meets a redemption shock of 30%, it is expected to sell for
  30% of each asset (for the sake of consistency this is to be understood in a strict sense and manager should simulate the sale of 30% of each security, or nearest)
• If the funds hold EUR 500mn of commercial papers issued by banks, it is expected
  to sell for EUR 150mn of them (=30%*500,000,000)
• If the corresponding price impact factor is 8E-13, the resulting price impact for this
  asset is 0.01% (=8E-13*150,000,000)
  The calibration is available in section 5 of the Guidelines.

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4.8.2 Level of change of credit risk
60. With respect to the levels of change of credit risk of the assets held in the portfolio of the
MMF, including credit events and rating events, in accordance with Article 28(1)(b) of the MMF Regulation:

1. Credit spread stress test

61. Managers of MMFs should measure the impact of an increase in credit spread, according
    to the following specifications:

• For each security, the increase in spread specified in section 5 of the guidelines should
  be applied.
• For each security, the corresponding change in spread should be translated into a
  haircut.
• The impact of the cumulated haircuts in percentage of reporting NAV should be
  calculated.
  𝐂𝐂 𝐫𝐫 𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢 𝐢𝐢 (%) =
  𝐑𝐑 𝐑𝐑 𝐍𝐍 − 𝐒𝐒 𝐍𝐍
  𝐑𝐑 𝐑𝐑 𝐍𝐍

2. Concentration stress test

62. Managers of MMFs should also simulate the default of their two main exposures. The
    resulting impact on NAV should then be calculated, expressed as a percentage:
    𝐂𝐂 𝐫𝐫 𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢 𝐢𝐢 (%) =
    𝐑𝐑 𝐑𝐑 𝐍𝐍 − 𝐒𝐒 𝐍𝐍
    𝐑𝐑 𝐑𝐑 𝐍𝐍
    Notes:
    The concentration risk scenario depends on the characteristics of the exposure. The collateral (or any other mitigant, e.g. credit derivatives) received should be considered. If there is no collateral, or if the collateral is insufficient to cover the exposure, the following loss given default should apply:

• Senior exposures: 45 %;
• Subordinated exposures: 75 %.
  The calibration is available in section 5 of the Guidelines.

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4.8.3 Levels of change of the interest rates and exchange rates and levels of
widening or narrowing of spreads among indices to which interest rates of portfolio securities are tied
63. With respect to the levels of change of the interest rates and exchange rates referred to in
Article 28(1)(c) of the MMF Regulation, managers of MMFs should apply the following
stressed market parameters using the parameters specified in section 5 of the guidelines in respect of (a) interest rate yield shocks which correspond to movements of the interest rates; and (b)FX shocks which corresponds to movements of the exchange rates.

1. Levels of change of the interest rates

64. With respect to the levels of change of the interest rates, managers of MMFs should use
    the same reference rate curve for all instruments denominated in a given currency and the reference rate tenor should align with the residual maturity of the instrument. For floating rate instruments, instruments may be contractually linked to a particular reference rate, in which case this rate is considered moving in parallel with the reference rate curve. If the
    table does not provide the tenor corresponding to the residual maturity of the instrument,
    managers of MMFs should use the most appropriate parameter in the table (e.g. the closest).

2. Levels of change of the exchange rates

65. With respect to the levels of change of the exchange rates, two scenarios should be used
    in the calculations: appreciation of the EUR against the USD; depreciation of the EUR against the USD.

3. Levels of widening or narrowing of spreads among indices to which interest rates of
   portfolio securities are tied

66. With respect to the levels of widening or narrowing of spreads among indices to which
    interest rates of portfolio securities are tied referred to in Article 28(1)(e) of the MMF Regulation, managers of MMFs should apply stressed market parameters, according to the following specifications:

• Managers of MMFs should use the parameters specified in section 5 of the guidelines.
• For instruments not tied to a specific index, managers of MMFs shall use the reference
  rate curve provided for the change of the interest rates scenario.
• If the table does not provide the tenor corresponding to the residual maturity of the
  instrument, managers of MMFs should use the most appropriate parameter in the table (e.g. the closest).

4. Results

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67. Managers of MMFs should reevaluate their portfolio considering the new parameters
separately: interest rates, exchange rates, benchmark rates. They should express the impact of each risk factor as a percentage of NAV by calculating the following:
𝐑𝐑 𝐟𝐟 𝐟𝐟 𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢 𝐢𝐢 (%) =
𝐑𝐑 𝐑𝐑 𝐍𝐍 − 𝐒𝐒 𝐍𝐍
𝐑𝐑 𝐑𝐑 𝐍𝐍
Notes:
The calibration is available in section 5 of the Guidelines.
4.8.4 Levels of redemption
68. With respect to the levels of redemption referred to in Article 28(1)(d) of the MMF
Regulation, managers of MMFs should apply the following stressed redemption scenarios:
a reverse liquidity stress test, a weekly liquidity stress test and a concentration stress test.

1. Reverse liquidity stress test

69. The reverse liquidity stress test comprises the following steps:

• For each asset, managers of MMFs should measure the weekly tradable amount
  (including maturing assets).
• Managers of MMFs should measure the maximum weekly tradable amount that can be
  liquidated with the portfolio allocation still being in line with all regulatory requirements of the MMF without distorting the portfolio allocation. 𝐑𝐑 (%) = 𝐌𝐌 𝐌𝐌 𝐰𝐰 𝐭𝐭 𝐭𝐭 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝐰𝐰 𝐝𝐝 𝐭𝐭 𝐍𝐍 Notes:
• For each asset, the weekly tradable amount shall be based on the manager’s
  assessment of the fund’s portfolio that is capable of being liquidated within one

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• The maximum size of outflows the fund can face in one week without distorting
  the portfolio allocation is determined by (1) the sum of the weekly tradable amounts; and (2) the fund’s capacity to comply with the regulatory requirements.
• For these purposes, the regulatory requirements are not limited to but should
  include at least:
  o Diversification (Article 17 of the MMF Regulation); o Concentration (Article 18 of the MMF Regulation); o Portfolio rules for short-term MMFs (Article 24 of the MMF Regulation) and for standard MMFs (Article 25 of the MMF Regulation), in particular, Maximum weighted average maturity (WAM); Maximum weighted average life (WAL), daily maturing assets; and weekly maturing assets.
• For example, if 50% of a LVNAV MMF assets are tradable within a week but its
  WAM becomes higher than 60 days after selling 30%, the manager should report 30%. The calibration is available in section 5 of the Guidelines.

2. Weekly liquidity stress test:

70. The weekly liquidity stress test assesses the fund’s capacity to meet outflows with available
    weekly liquid assets, considered as the sum of highly liquid assets and weekly maturing assets and comprises the following steps:

• managers of MMFs should apply a stressed redemption scenario where the fund
  receives net weekly redemption requests from 40% of the professional investors and 30% of the retail investors.
• managers of MMFs should measure available weekly liquid assets to meet the
  redemption requests according to the following table:
  Assets Article CQS
  Assets referred to in Article 17(7)11 of the MMF Regulation which are highly liquid and can be redeemed and settled within one working day and have a residual maturity of up to 190 days. 17(7) 1 10 For its definition, see the Guidelines on reporting obligations under Articles 3(3)(d) and 24(1), (2) and (4) of the AIFMD 11 Money market instruments issued or guaranteed separately or jointly by the Union, the national, regional and local administrations of the Member States or their central banks, the European Central Bank, the European Investment Bank, the European Investment Fund, the European Stability Mechanism, the European Financial Stability Facility, a central authority or

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• Managers of MMFs should calculate the coverage of outflows by weekly liquid assets
  as a percentage in the following way:
  𝐑𝐑 (%) =
  𝐖𝐖 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝐚𝐚
  𝐖𝐖
  Notes:
• Weekly liquid assets are classified in two buckets (bucket 1 and 2) according to
  their category and credit quality. CQS refers to “Credit Quality Steps”, within the meaning of the COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2016/179912.
• The sum of the weighted weekly liquid assets will be expressed in percentage of
  the redemption shock. For example, if a fund meets a redemption shock of 30% with 20% of bucket 1 liquid assets and 45% of total weekly liquid assets (buckets 1 and 2), the manager should report the ratio (Weekly liquid assets)/(Weekly outflows) as a result:
  o 20%/30% = 67% (bucket 1); and central bank of a third country, the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Council of Europe Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Bank for International Settlements, or any other relevant international financial institution or organisation to which one or more Member States belong. 12 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal￾content/EN/TXT/?toc=OJ%3AL%3A2016%3A275%3ATOC&uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2016.275.01.0003.01.ENG

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• It is important to note that the liquidity of any assets should always be checked in
  an appropriate manner. If there is any doubt regarding the liquidity of a security, managers of MMFs should not include it in the weekly liquid assets. The calibration is available in section 5 of the Guidelines.

3. Concentration stress test

71. The concentration stress test is a scenario where the MMF faces redemption requests from
    its two main investors. The impact of the stress test should be assessed according to weekly liquidity stress test methodology. 𝐑𝐑 (%) = 𝐖𝐖 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝐚𝐚 𝐈𝐈 𝐈𝐈 𝐭𝐭 𝐢𝐢 Note:
    The calibration is available in section 5 of the Guidelines.
    4.8.5 Macro-systemic shocks affecting the economy as a whole
72. With respect to the identification of macro-systemic shocks affecting the economy as a
    whole referred to in Article 28(1)(f) of the MMF Regulation, managers of MMFs should take the following steps:

• measure the impact of a market shock combining different risk parameters in
  accordance with the table below;
• assess the impact of a redemption shock following the market shock. Assets sold in
  response to the redemption shock will result in additional losses, as defined in the liquidity stress test;
• calculate the result as a percentage of NAV;
• calculate the value of weekly liquid assets after market shock as a percentage of
  outflows.
  Risk factors Parameters used for the calibration Market shock
• FX Rate - EUR/USD etc.
• Interest Rate - Swap rate

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• Credit
• Spread among indices to
  which interest rates of portfolio securities are tied
• Gov. bond yields/ spreads
• Corp. bond yields/ spreads
  Redemption shock
• Level of Redemption
• Asset liquidity
• % outflows
• Bid/ask spread (discount
  factor)
  Results
• % NAV
• Weekly liquid assets/
  outflows
  Memo - % outflows

73. The impact of the macro stress test should be assessed taking into account the market
    shock and the liquidity impact from outflows. The reported impact should not include the outflows. 𝐌𝐌 𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢 𝐢𝐢 (%) = 𝐑𝐑 𝐑𝐑 𝐍𝐍 − 𝐌𝐌 − 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢 𝐢𝐢 𝐟𝐟 𝐟𝐟 𝐑𝐑 𝐑𝐑 𝐍𝐍
74. The impact of the redemption shock should be assessed according to weekly liquidity
    stress test methodology.
    𝐑𝐑 (%) =
    𝐖𝐖 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝐚𝐚
    𝐖𝐖
    Notes:
    The scenario envisages the following circumstances:

• The MMF is affected by a shock combining an adverse FX shock and an increase
  in interest rates including swap rate, government bond yields and corporate bond

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• In the wake of the market shock, investors ask for redemption. Outflows are
  calculated similarly to the redemption scenario by differentiating professional and retail investors, i.e. the calibration available in table 14 of section 5.
• To meet the redemption requests, the fund sells assets in a stressed environment
  characterized by a widening of bid-ask spread as characterized in the liquidity stress test. For the purposes of the stress test, the loss is entirely borne by remaining investors (and not by redeeming investors).
• The impact on the NAV is the result of the market shock, the outflows and the
  liquidity shock.
• The impact on liquidity is calculated using the weekly liquidity stress test
  methodology.
  The calibration is available in section 5 of the Guidelines.
  5 Calibration

75. The following section includes the 2024 calibration for the MMF stress tests the results of
    which have to be reported in accordance with Article 37 of the MMF Regulation, and which are detailed in section 4.8 above.
76. ESMA has worked in collaboration with the ESRB and the ECB for the annual calibration
    of the risk parameters. Most of the parameters have been updated from the new ESRB adverse scenario. In addition, some parameters were added by ESMA in section 5 and are underlined. If managers need a parameter that is not indicated in this section, they may consult the adverse scenario on the ESRB website13.
77. Finally, in case of inconsistency between the Guidelines and the ESRB scenario, managers
    should use the values provided in the Guidelines.
    13 Stress testing (europa.eu)

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5.1 Common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical changes in the
level of liquidity of the assets held in the portfolio of the MMF Scope of the scenario MMFR Typical assets Liquidity Eligible assets Stressed Parameters (a) money market instruments -Certificate of deposit (CD) Yes Table 3, 4 -Commercial Paper (CP) Yes Table 3, 4 -Government bonds, treasury and local authority bills Yes Table 1,2, 4 -Corporate bonds Yes Table 3, 4 (b) eligible securitisations and asset-backed commercial paper (ABCPs) -Eligible securitisations Yes Table 3, 4 -ABCPs Yes Table 3, 4 (c) deposits with credit institutions -Deposits, of which time deposits No (d) financial derivative instruments -Financial derivative instruments dealt in on a regulated market No -Financial derivative instruments dealt OTC No (e) repurchase agreements -Repos Yes 4 (f) reverse repurchase agreements -Reverse repos Yes 4

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Table 1 Table 2
Liquidity discount factor - Sovereign bonds by residual maturity - Reference countries (in %) Liquidity discount factor - Sovereign bonds by rating and residual maturity (in %) 3M 6M 1Y 1.5Y 2Y 3M 6M 1Y 1.5Y 2Y DE 0.19 0.23 0.27 0.37 0.47 AAA 0.20 0.28 0.30 0.39 0.48 ES 0.23 0.40 0.44 0.53 0.61 AA 0.21 0.27 0.28 0.38 0.48 FR 0.21 0.27 0.28 0.38 0.48 A 0.23 0.40 0.44 0.53 0.61 IT 0.20 0.30 0.32 0.42 0.51 BBB 0.23 0.40 0.44 0.53 0.61 NL 0.21 0.34 0.33 0.41 0.48 Below BBB or unrated 0.30 0.53 0.57 0.68 0.79
Table 3
Liquidity discount factor - Corporate bonds by rating and residual maturity 3M 6M 1Y 1.5Y 2Y AAA 0.62 0.92 1.16 1.25 1.34

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Table Option 4: Price impact parameter
Price impact parameter (%)
Cash and deposits -
Sovereign bonds 1E-13
Corporate bonds (non-financial) 4.3E-13
Corporate bonds (financial) 8E-13
Securitisation and ABCPs 4E-13
Shares issued by other MMFs 2.7E-13
Other (incl. repos) 4.7E-13

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5.2 Common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical changes in the level
of credit risk of the assets held in the portfolio of the MMF, including credit events and rating events Scope of the scenario MMFR Typical assets Credit (credit spreads) Credit (2 main counterparties) Eligible assets Stressed Parameters Stressed Parameters (a) money market instruments -Certificate of deposit (CD) Yes Table 6 Yes Table 7 -Commercial Paper (CP) Yes Table 6 Yes Table 7 -Government bonds, treasury and local authority bills Yes Table 5 Yes Table 7 -Corporate bonds Yes Table 6 Yes Table 7 (b) eligible securitisations and asset￾backed commercial paper (ABCPs) -Eligible securitisations Yes Table 6 Yes Table 7 -ABCPs Yes Table 6 Yes Table 7 (c) deposits with credit institutions -Deposits, of which time deposits No No (d) financial derivative instruments -Financial derivative instruments dealt in on a regulated market No No -Financial derivative instruments dealt OTC No No (e) repurchase agreements -Repos No No (f) reverse repurchase agreements -Reverse repos No No (g) units or shares of other MMFs -Shares issued by other MMFs Yes Extrapolation of the results to shares Yes Extrapolation of the results to shares

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Table 5: Shocks to government bond credit spreads
Credit Spread by residual maturity - Government bonds (absolute changes - basis points) Geographic Area Country 3M 6M 1Y 2Y EU Austria 35 45 55 60 EU Belgium 30 40 55 60 EU Bulgaria 50 60 75 95 EU Croatia 40 50 65 70 EU Cyprus 40 50 65 70 EU Czech Republic 55 70 95 105 EU Denmark 15 35 45 50 EU Finland 30 40 50 60 EU France 15 30 40 45 EU Germany 10 20 30 35 EU Greece 60 80 95 110 EU Hungary 55 80 95 115 EU Ireland 25 35 50 55 EU Italy 55 70 85 105 EU Latvia 45 60 75 85 EU Lithuania 45 55 70 85 EU Luxembourg 15 25 35 50 EU Malta 45 50 50 85 EU Netherlands 15 25 35 40 EU Poland 45 60 70 85 EU Portugal 35 45 55 65 EU Romania 40 55 65 80 EU Slovakia 40 45 70 75 EU Slovenia 30 35 50 55 EU Spain 50 60 70 75 EU Sweden 15 25 35 40 EA (weighted averages) EA (weighted averages) 25 35 50 60 EU (weighted averages) EU (weighted averages) 30 40 50 60 Advanced economies United Kingdom 15 30 40 45 Advanced economies Switzerland 25 35 40 40 Advanced economies Norway 15 30 35 45 Advanced economies United States 15 25 30 40 Advanced economies Japan 30 30 35 40 Advanced economies Advanced economies 20 30 35 40 non EU and non US Emerging markets 85 110 145 200

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Table 6: Shocks to corporate bond and ABS credit spreads (all maturities)
Corporate credit spreads (absolute changes - basis points) Rating Non-financial Financial covered Financial ABS AAA 110 90 120 110 AA 120 110 130 140 A 150 140 160 200 BBB 190 180 220 240 BB 270 260 300 336 B 340 310 350 336 ≤CCC 380 360 410 336
Table 7: Loss given default
Loss given default (%)

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5.3 Common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical movements of
the interest rates
Scope of the scenario
MMFR
Typical assets
IR
(Interest rate swap)
Eligible assets Stressed Parameters
(a) money market instruments
-Certificate of deposit (CD) Yes Table 8, 9
-Commercial Paper (CP) Yes Table 8, 9
-Government bonds, treasury and local authority bills Yes Table 8, 9 -Corporate bonds Yes Table 8, 9 (b) eligible securitisations and asset-backed commercial paper (ABCPs) -Eligible securitisations Yes Table 8, 9 -ABCPs Yes Table 8, 9 (c) deposits with credit institutions -Deposits, of which time deposits Yes Table 8, 9 (d) financial derivative instruments -Financial derivative instruments dealt in on a regulated market Yes Table 8, 9 -Financial derivative instruments dealt OTC Yes Table 8, 9 (e) repurchase agreements -Repos No

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ESMA - 201-203 rue de Bercy - CS 80910 - 75589 Paris Cedex 12 - France - Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 - www.esma.europa.eu 35 (f) reverse repurchase agreements -Reverse repos Yes Table 8, 9 (g) units or shares of other MMFs -Shares issued by other MMFs Yes Extrapolation of the results to shares issued by other MMFs
Table 8: Shocks to swap rates
Interest rate yield shocks absolute changes (basis points) Geographic Area Country Description 1M 3M 6M 1Y 2Y EU Euro area Interest rate swap on the EUR (euro) 90 90 120 130 140 EU Bulgaria Interest rate swap on the BGN (Bulgarian lev) 120 140 160 170 180 EU Czech Republic Interest rate swap on the CZK (Czech koruna) 100 110 120 150 180 EU Denmark Interest rate swap on the DKK (Danish krone) 90 100 120 130 140 EU Hungary Interest rate swap on the HUF (Hungarian forint) 110 120 140 160 180 EU Poland Interest rate swap on the PLN (Polish zloty) 110 110 140 160 180 EU Romania Interest rate swap on the RON (Romanian leu) 120 140 160 170 180 EU Sweden Interest rate swap on the SEK (Swedish krona) 90 90 120 130 140

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ESMA - 201-203 rue de Bercy - CS 80910 - 75589 Paris Cedex 12 - France - Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 - www.esma.europa.eu 36 Rest of Europe United Kingdom Interest rate swap on the GBP (British pound) 100 100 120 130 140 Rest of Europe Norway Interest rate swap on the NOK (Norwegian krone) 100 100 120 130 140 Rest of Europe Russia Interest rate swap on the RUB (Russian ruble) 210 210 220 220 260 Rest of Europe Switzerland Interest rate swap on the CHF (Swiss franc) 80 90 110 130 140 Rest of Europe Turkey Interest rate swap on the TRY (Turkish lira) 230 270 310 340 380 North America Canada Interest rate swap on the CAD (Canadian dollar) 100 110 130 140 150 North America United States Interest rate swap on the USD (US dollar) 100 110 130 140 150 Australia and Pacific Australia Interest rate swap on the AUD (Australian dollar) 100 130 130 150 160 Australia and Pacific New Zealand Interest rate swap on the NZD (New Zealand dollar) 100 130 140 150 160 South and Central America Chile Interest rate swap on the CLP (Chilean peso) 170 190 220 240 280 South and Central America Colombia Interest rate swap on the COP (Colombian peso) 230 250 250 260 270 South and Central America Mexico Interest rate swap on the MXN (Mexican peso) 160 180 200 220 250 Asia China Interest rate swap on the CNY (Chinese yuan) 100 120 140 170 190 Asia Hong Kong Interest rate swap on the HKD (Hong Kong dollar) 110 130 150 170 190 Asia India Interest rate swap on the INR (Indian rupee) 120 140 160 180 200 Asia Japan Interest rate swap on the JPY (Japanese yen) 10 20 30 Asia Korea Interest rate swap on the KRW (South Korean won) 100 120 130 170 200

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ESMA - 201-203 rue de Bercy - CS 80910 - 75589 Paris Cedex 12 - France - Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 - www.esma.europa.eu 37 Asia Malaysia Interest rate swap on the MYR (Malaysian ringgit) 40 60 80 110 120 Asia Singapore Interest rate swap on the SGD (Singapore dollar) 120 130 140 150 160 Asia Thailand Interest rate swap on the THB (Thai baht) 50 70 90 120 130 Africa South Africa Interest rate swap on the ZAR (South African rand) 150 160 160 190 220
Table 9 Shocks to swap rates (default values for countries not included in table 8)
Interest rate yield shocks absolute changes (basis points) Geographic Area Description 1M 3M 6M 1Y 2Y EU Default value for countries not included in table 8 100 110 140 150 170 Other advanced economies Default value for countries not included in table 8 90 100 120 140 150 Other emerging markets Default value for countries not included in table 8 150 170 180 200 230

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5.4 Common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical movements of
the exchange rates
Scope of the scenario
MMFR
Typical assets
FX
(Appreciation of the EUR)
FX
(Depreciation of the EUR)
Eligible assets Stressed Parameters Stressed Parameters (a) money market instruments -Certificate of deposit (CD) Yes Table 10 Yes Table 11 -Commercial Paper (CP) Yes Table 10 Yes Table 11 -Government bonds, treasury and local authority bills Yes Table 10 Yes Table 11 -Corporate bonds Yes Table 10 Yes Table 11 (b) eligible securitisations and asset￾backed commercial paper (ABCPs) -Eligible securitisations Yes Table 10 Yes Table 11 -ABCPs Yes Table 10 Yes Table 11 (c) deposits with credit institutions -Deposits, of which time deposits Yes Table 10 Yes Table 11 (d) financial derivative instruments -Financial derivative instruments dealt in on a regulated market Yes Table 10 Yes Table 11 -Financial derivative instruments dealt OTC Yes Table 10 Yes Table 11 (e) repurchase agreements -Repos No No (f) reverse repurchase agreements -Reverse repos Yes Table 10 Yes Table 11

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ESMA - 201-203 rue de Bercy - CS 80910 - 75589 Paris Cedex 12 - France - Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 - www.esma.europa.eu 39 (g) units or shares of other MMFs -Shares issued by other MMFs Yes Extrapolation of the results to shares issued by other MMFs Yes Extrapolation of the results to shares issued by other MMFs
Table 10
FX shocks (appreciation of the EUR against the USD) relative changes (%) Geographic Area Description Exchange rate name Shock EU EURCZK represents 1 EUR per x CZK (Czech koruna) EURCZK 6 EU EURHUF represents 1 EUR per x HUF (Hungarian forints) EURHUF 16 EU EURPLN represents 1 EUR per x PLN (Polish zloty) EURPLN 10 EU EURRON represents 1 EUR per x RON (Romanian leu ) EURRON 3 EU EURSEK represents 1 EUR per x SEK (Swedish krona) EURSEK 11 Rest of Europe EURRSD represents 1 EUR per x RSD (Serbian dinar ) EURRSD 2 Rest of Europe EURNOK represents 1 EUR per x NOK (Norwegian krone) EURNOK 9 Rest of Europe EURGBP represents 1 EUR per x GBP (British pound) EURGBP 10 Rest of Europe EURCHF represents 1 EUR per x CHF (Swiss franc) EURCHF 6 Rest of Europe EURRUB represents 1 EUR per x RUB (Russian ruble) EURRUB 46 Rest of Europe EURTRY represents 1 EUR per x TRY (Turkish lira) EURTRY 20 North America USDCAD represents 1 USD per x CAD (Canadian dollar) USDCAD -5

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ESMA - 201-203 rue de Bercy - CS 80910 - 75589 Paris Cedex 12 - France - Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 - www.esma.europa.eu 40 North America EURUSD represents 1 EUR per x USD (US dollar) EURUSD 6 Australia and Pacific AUDUSD represents 1 AUD per x USD (Australian dollar) AUDUSD 8 Australia and Pacific NZDUSD represents 1 NZD per x USD (New Zealand dollar) NZDUSD 7 South and Central America USDARS represents 1 USD per x ARS (Argentine peso) USDARS 9 South and Central America USDBRL represents 1 USD per x BRL (Brazilian real) USDBRL -18 South and Central America USDMXN represents 1 USD per x MXN (Mexican peso) USDMXN -8 Asia USDCNY represents 1 USD per x CNY (Chinese yuan renminbi) USDCNY -3 Asia USDHKD represents 1 USD per x HKD (Hong Kong dollar) USDHKD -1 Asia USDINR represents 1 USD per x INR (Indian rupee) USDINR -2 Asia USDJPY represents 1 USD per x JPY (Japanese yen) USDJPY -6 Asia USDKRW represents 1 USD per x KRW (South korean won) USDKRW -9 Asia USDMYR represents 1 USD per x MYR (Malaysian ringgit) USDMYR -4 Asia USDSGD represents 1 USD per x SGD (Singapore dollar) USDSGD -4 Asia USDTHB represents 1 USD per x THB (Thai baht) USDTHB -5 Asia USDTWD represents 1 USD per x TWD (New Taiwan dollar) USDTWD -3 Africa USDZAR represents 1 USD per x ZAR (South African rand) USDZAR -11
Table 11
FX shocks (depreciation of the EUR against the USD) relative changes (%) Geographic Area Description Exchange rate name Shock EU EURCZK represents 1 EUR per x CZK (Czech koruna) EURCZK -6

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ESMA - 201-203 rue de Bercy - CS 80910 - 75589 Paris Cedex 12 - France - Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 - www.esma.europa.eu 41 EU EURHUF represents 1 EUR per x HUF (Hungarian forints) EURHUF -9 EU EURPLN represents 1 EUR per x PLN (Polish zloty) EURPLN -5 EU EURRON represents 1 EUR per x RON (Romanian leu ) EURRON -2 EU EURSEK represents 1 EUR per x SEK (Swedish krona) EURSEK -3 Rest of Europe EURRSD represents 1 EUR per x RSD (Serbian dinar ) EURRSD -2 Rest of Europe EURNOK represents 1 EUR per x NOK (Norwegian krone) EURNOK -9 Rest of Europe EURGBP represents 1 EUR per x GBP (British pound) EURGBP -5 Rest of Europe EURCHF represents 1 EUR per x CHF (Swiss franc) EURCHF -10 Rest of Europe EURRUB represents 1 EUR per x RUB (Russian ruble) EURRUB -44 Rest of Europe EURTRY represents 1 EUR per x TRY (Turkish lira) EURTRY -7 North America USDCAD represents 1 USD per x CAD (Canadian dollar) USDCAD 10 North America EURUSD represents 1 EUR per x USD (US dollar) EURUSD -12 Australia and Pacific AUDUSD represents 1 AUD per x USD (Australian dollar) AUDUSD -15 Australia and Pacific NZDUSD represents 1 NZD per x USD (New Zealand dollar) NZDUSD -15 South and Central America USDARS represents 1 USD per x ARS (Argentine peso) USDARS 18 South and Central America USDBRL represents 1 USD per x BRL (Brazilian real) USDBRL 14 South and Central America USDMXN represents 1 USD per x MXN (Mexican peso) USDMXN 11 Asia USDCNY represents 1 USD per x CNY (Chinese yuan renminbi) USDCNY 7 Asia USDHKD represents 1 USD per x HKD (Hong Kong dollar) USDHKD 1 Asia USDINR represents 1 USD per x INR (Indian rupee) USDINR 8 Asia USDJPY represents 1 USD per x JPY (Japanese yen) USDJPY 16 Asia USDKRW represents 1 USD per x KRW (South korean won) USDKRW 12

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ESMA - 201-203 rue de Bercy - CS 80910 - 75589 Paris Cedex 12 - France - Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 - www.esma.europa.eu 42 Asia USDMYR represents 1 USD per x MYR (Malaysian ringgit) USDMYR 6 Asia USDSGD represents 1 USD per x SGD (Singapore dollar) USDSGD 5 Asia USDTHB represents 1 USD per x THB (Thai baht) USDTHB 10 Asia USDTWD represents 1 USD per x TWD (New Taiwan dollar) USDTWD 7 Africa USDZAR represents 1 USD per x ZAR (South African rand) USDZAR 20
5.5 Common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical widening or
narrowing of spreads among indexes to which interest rates of portfolio securities are tied Scope of the scenario MMFR Typical assets IR (Interest rate swap) Eligible assets Stressed Parameters (a) money market instruments -Certificate of deposit (CD) Yes Table 8, 9 -Commercial Paper (CP) Yes Table 8, 9 -Government bonds, treasury and local authority bills Yes Table 8, 9 -Corporate bonds Yes Table 8, 9 (b) eligible securitisations and asset-backed commercial paper (ABCPs) -Eligible securitisations Yes Table 8, 9 -ABCPs Yes Table 8, 9 (c) deposits with credit institutions -Deposits, of which time deposits Yes Table 8, 9

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ESMA - 201-203 rue de Bercy - CS 80910 - 75589 Paris Cedex 12 - France - Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 - www.esma.europa.eu 43 (d) financial derivative instruments -Financial derivative instruments dealt in on a regulated market Yes Table 8, 9 -Financial derivative instruments dealt OTC Yes Table 8, 9 (e) repurchase agreements -Repos No (f) reverse repurchase agreements -Reverse repos Yes Table 8, 9 (g) units or shares of other MMFs -Shares issued by other MMFs Yes Extrapolation of the results to shares issued by other MMFs
5.6 Common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical levels of
redemption
Scope of the scenario
MMFR
Typical assets
Redemption
(reverse liquidity ST)
Redemption
(weekly liquidity ST
Redemption
(2 main investors)
Eligible assets Stressed Parameters Stressed Parameters Stressed Parameters (a) money market instruments -Certificate of deposit (CD) Yes Self-assessment Yes Table 12, 13 Yes Table 12 -Commercial Paper (CP) Yes Self-assessment Yes Table 12, 13 Yes Table 12 -Government bonds, treasury and local authority bills Yes Self-assessment Yes Table 12, 13 Yes Table 12 -Corporate bonds Yes Self-assessment Yes Table 12, 13 Yes Table 12 (b) eligible securitisations and asset-backed commercial paper (ABCPs) -Eligible securitisations Yes Self-assessment Yes Table 12, 13 Yes Table 12 -ABCPs Yes Self-assessment Yes Table 12, 13 Yes Table 12

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ESMA - 201-203 rue de Bercy - CS 80910 - 75589 Paris Cedex 12 - France - Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 - www.esma.europa.eu 44 (c) deposits with credit institutions -Deposits, of which time deposits Yes Self-assessment Yes Table 12, 13 Yes Table 12 (d) financial derivative instruments -Financial derivative instruments dealt in on a regulated market Yes Self-assessment Yes Table 12, 13 Yes Table 12 -Financial derivative instruments dealt OTC Yes Self-assessment Yes Table 12, 13 Yes Table 12 (e) repurchase agreements -Repos Yes Self-assessment No Table 12, 13 No Table 12 (f) reverse repurchase agreements -Reverse repos Yes Self-assessment Yes Table 12, 13 Yes Table 12 (g) units or shares of other MMFs -Shares issued by other MMFs Yes Self-assessment Yes Table 12, 13 Yes Table 12
Table 12 Table 13
Assets Article CQS Net outflows (%)
Assets referred to in Article 17(7) which are highly liquid and can be redeemed and settled within one working day and have a residual maturity of up to 190 days 17(7) 1 Professional investor 40 Cash which is able to be withdrawn by giving prior notice of five working days without penalty 24(1) Retail investor 30 25(1) Weekly maturing assets 24(1) 25(1) Reverse repurchase agreements which are able to be terminated by giving prior notice of five working days 24(1) 25(1)

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ESMA - 201-203 rue de Bercy - CS 80910 - 75589 Paris Cedex 12 - France - Tel. +33 (0) 1 58 36 43 21 - www.esma.europa.eu 45 x100% = Weekly liquid assets (bucket 1) Assets referred to in Article 17(7) which can be redeemed and settled within one working week 17(7) 1,2 Money market instruments or units or shares of other MMFs which they are able to be redeemed and settled within five working days 24(1) 1,2 25(1) Eligible securitisations and asset-backed commercial paper (ABCPs) 9(1)(b) 1 x85% = Weekly liquid assets (bucket 2)

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5.7 Common reference parameters of the stress test scenarios in relation to hypothetical macro systemic
shocks affecting the economy as a whole
Scope of the scenario
MMFR
Typical assets
Macro
Eligible assets Stressed Parameters
(a) money market instruments
-Certificate of deposit (CD) Yes Tables 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11, 12, 14 -Commercial Paper (CP) Yes Tables 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11, 12, 14 -Government bonds, treasury and local authority bills Yes Tables 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11, 12, 14 -Corporate bonds Yes Tables 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11, 12, 14 (b) eligible securitisations and asset-backed commercial paper (ABCPs) -Eligible securitisations Yes Tables 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11, 12, 14 -ABCPs Yes Tables 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11, 12, 14 (c) deposits with credit institutions -Deposits, of which time deposits Yes Tables 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11, 12, 14 (d) financial derivative instruments -Financial derivative instruments dealt in on a regulated market Yes Tables 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11, 12, 14 -Financial derivative instruments dealt OTC Yes Tables 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11, 12, 14 (e) repurchase agreements -Repos No Tables 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11, 12, 14 (f) reverse repurchase agreements -Reverse repos Yes Tables 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11, 12, 14 (g) units or shares of other MMFs -Shares issued by other MMFs Yes Tables 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11, 12, 14

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Table 14
Net outflows (%)
Professional investor 20
Retail investor 10

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6 Appendix
A.
Example of stress combining the various factors mentioned in sections 4.2 to 4.7 with investors’ redemption requests A practical example of one possible implementation of the section “Combination of the various factors mentioned in the following sections 4.2 to 4.7 with investors’ redemption requests” is given below. The table below estimates the losses incurred by the MMF in the event of redemptions or market stress (credit or interest rate shocks). First scenario: credit premium shock of 25 bps Second scenario: interest rate shock of 25 bps Three largest investors (25%) ↓ Very stable investors (15%) ↓ Redemptions 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Initial portfolio 2 bps 3 bps 5 bps 6 bps 8 bps 9 bps 11 bps 12 bps First scenario 7 bps 9 bps 13 bps 18 bps 24 bps 32 bps 45 bps 66 bps 110 bps 236 bps Second scenario 3 bps 4 bps 6 bps 9 bps 12 bps 16 bps 21 bps 28 bps 38 bps 85 bps WAL (days) 105 117 131 149 169 192 219 249 290 320 This stress test shows that a redemption by the three largest investors (25% of net assets) would push the weighted average life (WAL) beyond the 120-day regulatory threshold (for a

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49 short-term money market fund) and cause the portfolio to lose in the region of 2-3 bps under normal conditions. The same level of cumulative redemptions with a 25 bps rise in credit premium would cause a loss of around 13-18 bps. B. Example of redemptions based on an investor behaviour model, in accordance with the breakdown of liabilities by investor category. This implies the simulation of the behaviour of each type of investor and establishes a simulation based on the composition of the liabilities of the MMF. Example of investor classification and simulation of their behaviour (the figures shown are not real): Investor type Record redemptions for this investor type Over one day Over one week Over one month Large institutional 25% 75% 100% Group entity (bank, insurance, own account) 20% 40% 40% Investment fund 20% 65% 100% Small institutional 10% 25% 40% Private banking network 15% 40% 75% Retail investor with distributor A 5% 10% 20% Retail investor with distributor B 7% 15% 20% Stressed redemptions for this investor category Large institutional 75% Group entity (bank, insurance, own account) 0% (in agreement with the AMC) Investment fund 65% Small institutional 25% Private banking network 40%

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Retail investor with distributor A
10%
Retail investor with distributor B
15%
In order to build such a simulation of this kind, the manager needs to make assumptions about the behaviour of each investor type, based in part on historical redemptions. In the example above, the manager has noted that the retail investors who invested through distributor A are historically slower to exit in the event of difficulty, but that they exhibit the same behaviour over one month as retail investors who invested through distributor B. This fictitious example shows a possible classification that the manager may use based on the data available on the liabilities of the MMF and the behaviour of its investors. C. Examples of global stress test scenarios that the manager could consider:
i. the Lehman Brothers’ event with the calibration of all relevant factors one month
ahead of the failure of this firm;
ii. A) a scenario including a combination of the 3 following factors: i) a parallel shift in
interest rate (x) ii) a shift in credit spreads (y) and iii) a redemption stress (z));
iii. B) a scenario including a combination of the 3 following factors: i) a parallel shift in
interest rate (x) ii) a shift in credit spreads (y) and iii) a redemption stress (z)) Variables x, y and z being the worst figures/shifts experienced by the fund, on an independent basis, for the last 12 months.