Law on Special Purpose Investment Companies and Securitization Companies

LAW on Special Purpose Investment Companies and Securitization Companies Pub. - State Gazette, No. 21 of 12.03.2021; amended, No. 25 of 29.03.2022, effective from 08.07.2022; amended and supplemented, No. 51 of 01.07.2022; amended, No. 70 of 20.08.2024, effective from the date determined in the Decision of the Council of the European Union on the adoption of the euro by the Republic of Bulgaria, adopted in accordance with Article 140(2) TFEU, and the Council Regulation of the European Union, adopted in accordance with Article 140(3) TFEU; amended and supplemented, No. 50 of 20.06.2025, effective from 20.06.2025; amended and supplemented, No. 67 of 15.08.2025; amended and supplemented, No. 25 of 10.03.2026

PART ONE
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Subject Matter
Art. 1. This Law regulates:

1. the establishment, licensing, operation, transformation, and termination of special purpose investment companies;
2. the establishment, licensing, operation, and termination of special purpose securitization companies;
3. the activities of originators, initial creditors, and sponsors in securitizations within the meaning of Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2017 laying down a general framework for securitisation and creating a specific framework for simple, transparent and standardised securitisation and amending Directives 2009/65/EC, 2009/138/EC and 2011/61/EU and Regulations (EC) No 1060/2009 and (EU) No 648/2012 (OJ L 347/35 of 28 December 2017), hereinafter referred to as "Regulation (EU) 2017/2402";
4. the activities of agents verifying compliance with the requirements for simple, transparent and standardised securitisation, hereinafter referred to as "STS Compliance Agents";
5. state supervision to ensure compliance with this Law.

Purpose
Art. 2. The purpose of this Law is:

1. to create conditions for the development of investment in real estate and receivables, as well as for the development of the market for simple, transparent and standardised (STS) securitisation within the meaning of Regulation (EU) 2017/2402;
2. to ensure the protection of the interests of investors in special purpose investment companies and in securitization companies.

Regulation and Supervision
Art. 3. (Amended - SG, No. 51 of 2022; amended, No. 70 of 2024, effective from the date determined in the Decision of the Council of the European Union on the adoption of the euro by the Republic of Bulgaria, adopted in accordance with Article 140(2) TFEU, and the Council Regulation of the European Union, adopted in accordance with Article 140(3) TFEU) (1) The regulation and supervision of the activities and persons under Part Two shall be carried out by the Financial Supervision Commission, hereinafter referred to as "the Commission", and by the Vice-Chairman of the Commission heading the "Investment Activity Supervision" Directorate, hereinafter referred to as "the Vice-Chairman". (2) (Amended - SG, No. 51 of 2022; amended, No. 70 of 2024, effective from the date determined in the Decision of the Council of the European Union on the adoption of the euro by the Republic of Bulgaria, adopted in accordance with Article 140(2) TFEU, and the Council Regulation of the European Union, adopted in accordance with Article 140(3) TFEU) The regulation and supervision of the activities and persons under Part Three shall be carried out by the Commission and by the responsible Vice-Chairmen of the Commission, except for the cases under Art. 1(3)(6) of the Credit Institutions Act. (3) (Amended - SG, No. 51 of 2022) The Commission exercises the powers of the competent authority within the meaning of Art. 29 of Regulation (EU) 2017/2402, except in cases where the responsible Vice-Chairmen, determined according to paras. 4-6, exercise the powers of the competent authority. (4) Regarding compliance with the requirements of Arts. 5-9 of Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 and the delegated acts for its implementation by supervised entities, the responsible Vice-Chairman is determined as follows:

1. for insurers and reinsurers under the Insurance Code, it is the Vice-Chairman of the Commission heading the "Insurance Supervision" Directorate;
2. for investment intermediaries under the Capital Markets Act, for management companies and persons managing alternative investment funds under the Act on Collective Investment Schemes and Other Collective Investment Undertakings, regarding the collective investment undertakings managed by them, it is the Vice-Chairman of the Commission heading the "Investment Activity Supervision" Directorate;
3. for supplementary pension insurance companies managing a supplementary voluntary pension insurance fund under occupational schemes under the Social Security Code, it is the Vice-Chairman of the Commission heading the "Insurance Supervision" Directorate.
   (5) Regarding compliance with the requirements of Arts. 5-9 of Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 and the delegated acts for its implementation by persons who are not supervised by the Commission and the Bulgarian National Bank, the responsible Vice-Chairman is the Vice-Chairman of the Commission heading the "Investment Activity Supervision" Directorate. (6) Regarding compliance with the requirements of Arts. 18-28 of Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 and the delegated acts for its implementation by supervised entities, the responsible Vice-Chairman is the Vice-Chairman of the Commission heading the "Investment Activity Supervision" Directorate. (7) The provision of information and all notifications to the competent authority for the fulfillment of the requirements under Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 and the delegated acts for its implementation shall be made to the responsible Vice-Chairman determined according to paras. 4-6.

PART TWO
SPECIAL PURPOSE INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Chapter One
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Definition
Art. 4. (1) A special purpose investment company is a joint-stock company that, under the conditions and procedures of this Law, invests the funds raised through the issuance of securities in real estate or in receivables.
(2) The name of the special purpose investment company shall include the designation "joint-stock company for special purpose investment" or the abbreviation "SPIC".
(3) A person who does not meet the requirements of this Part may not include the designation "joint-stock company for special purpose investment" or the abbreviation "SPIC" in its name.

Subject Matter of Activity
Art. 5. (Amended and supplemented - SG, No. 67 of 2025) (1) A special purpose investment company may carry out the following activities:
1. raising funds through the issuance of securities;
2. purchase of real estate and property rights over real estate, carrying out construction and improvements for the purpose of providing them for management, leasing, hire-purchase, or sale, or purchase-sale of receivables.
(2) A special purpose investment company may not carry out other activities outside those specified in para. 1 and directly related to their implementation, unless permitted by this Law.
(3) A special purpose investment company may invest only in real estate or only in receivables.
(4) A special purpose investment company may not acquire real estate or receivables that are the subject of a legal dispute.
(5) (Amended and supplemented - SG, No. 67 of 2025) The real estate acquired by the special purpose investment company must be located on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, in another Member State, or in a country that has acceded to the OECD Code of Liberalisation of Capital Movements. (6) The receivables acquired by the special purpose investment company must:
1. be owed to local persons;
2. not be subject to forced execution.
(7) At least 70 percent of the assets of a special purpose investment company investing in real estate, as of the end of each quarter, shall be the result of the activity under para. 1, item 2.
(8) When raising funds under para. 1, item 1, the company shall bring its assets into compliance with the requirement of para. 7 within a period of 6 months from the registration of the securities issue in the Central Securities Register.
(9) At least 70 percent of the gross income for the respective financial year of a special purpose investment company investing in real estate shall be the result of the activity under para. 1, item 2.
(10) A special purpose investment company investing in real estate shall bring its operations into compliance with the requirements of paras. 7 and 9 within a period of two years from the issuance of the license under Art. 11.

Chapter Two
ESTABLISHMENT, LICENSING AND MANAGEMENT OF A SPECIAL PURPOSE INVESTMENT COMPANY Establishment Art. 6. (1) A special purpose investment company shall be established in accordance with Art. 163 of the Commerce Act. There may be no more than 50 founders.
(2) Upon the establishment of a special purpose investment company, the founding assembly shall unanimously adopt a decision for the initial increase of the company's capital with the same class of shares as those subscribed at the founding assembly, from the moment the company is issued a license under Art. 11. The increase must be in an amount not less than 30 percent of the company's capital. (3) The special purpose investment company shall notify the Commission of its registration in the Commercial Register within a 7-day period from registration.

Capital and Shares
Art. 7. (Amended - SG, No. 70 of 2024, effective from the date determined in the Decision of the Council of the European Union on the adoption of the euro by the Republic of Bulgaria, adopted in accordance with Article 140(2) TFEU, and the Council Regulation of the European Union, adopted in accordance with Article 140(3) TFEU) (1) (Amended - SG, No. 70 of 2024, effective from the date determined in the Decision of the Council of the European Union on the adoption of the euro by the Republic of Bulgaria, adopted in accordance with Article 140(2) TFEU, and the Council Regulation of the European Union, adopted in accordance with Article 140(3) TFEU) A special purpose investment company must have a starting capital of not less than 250,000 euros. (2) A special purpose investment company must maintain own capital at least equal to the amount in para. 1. (3) The capital subscribed at the founding assembly must be fully paid in at the time of submitting the application for registration of the special purpose investment company in the Commercial Register. (4) Contributions to the capital of a special purpose investment company may only be monetary. (5) The shares of a special purpose investment company are dematerialized. Art. 185(2), second sentence of the Commerce Act shall not apply. (6) A special purpose investment company may not issue preferred shares giving the right to more than one vote. (7) The capital of a special purpose investment company may not be reduced through forced cancellation of shares. (8) Increase of capital under Art. 197 of the Commerce Act is not permitted.

Raising Funds
Art. 8. The funds raised through the issuance of securities shall be paid by the persons who purchased the securities into a bank account specially opened by the special purpose investment company.

Articles of Association and Rules
Art. 9. (Amended - SG, No. 67 of 2025) (1) In addition to the data provided in Art. 165, item 1, item 3 - regarding the size of the capital and the nominal value of each share, items 4 and 8-10 of the Commerce Act, the articles of association of the special purpose investment company must also contain:

1. the subject matter of activity and the term for which the company is created;
2. the type of assets in which the company will invest;
3. the investment objectives of the company, respectively the company's intention to participate in the establishment or acquisition of shares or stocks in specialized companies under Art. 28(1);
4. restrictions on the type of real estate in which the company may invest, respectively on the type of receivables and their collateral, if provided;
5. the maximum amount of annual management expenses of the company, explicitly stating the maximum amount of annual expenses for remuneration of third parties under Art. 27(3), where applicable;
6. (amended - SG, No. 67 of 2025) information on other countries where it intends to acquire real estate, where applicable.
   (2) The maximum amounts of expenses under para. 1, item 5 are determined as a ratio to the value of the assets on the balance sheet of the special purpose investment company.
   (3) The General Assembly of Shareholders of the special purpose investment company adopts risk management rules, in case the company participates in the establishment or acquisition of shares or stocks in one or more specialized companies under Art. 28(1).

Management
Art. 10. (1) A special purpose investment company shall be managed and represented by a Board of Directors.
(2) The members of the Board of Directors of the special purpose investment company, as well as the procurators of the company, must have higher education and must not be:
1. convicted of an intentional crime of general nature;
2. declared bankrupt as a sole trader or as an unlimited partner in a commercial company and not be in proceedings for declaration of bankruptcy;
3. members of the management or supervisory body of a company or cooperative, terminated due to bankruptcy in the last two years preceding the date of the decision declaring bankruptcy, if there are unsatisfied creditors;
4. deprived of the right to hold a position of material responsibility;
5. spouses or relatives up to the third degree inclusive, by lineal or collateral relationship with each other or with a member of the management or supervisory body of a third party under Art. 27(4), where applicable.
(3) The members of the Board of Directors of the special purpose investment company and the procurators of the company must be persons of good reputation, with the necessary knowledge and skills, with qualifications and minimum professional experience of three years, corresponding to the activity carried out by the company. (4) The requirements of paras. 2 and 3 also apply to natural persons who are representatives of legal entities - members of the Board of Directors of the special purpose investment company. (5) The circumstances under para. 2, item 1 are certified by a certificate of criminal record. When the state of which the person is a citizen does not issue a certificate of criminal record, it may be replaced by an analogous document proving compliance with this requirement, issued by a competent judicial or administrative authority in that state or in the Republic of Bulgaria. (6) To establish the circumstances under para. 2, items 2-5, a declaration signed by the respective person under para. 2 or 4 shall be submitted. (7) To establish the circumstances under para. 3 for the persons under paras. 2 and 4, the following shall be submitted:
1. a biographical summary;
2. a copy of a diploma for higher education obtained in the Republic of Bulgaria, respectively a copy of a diploma for higher education obtained from a higher education institution outside the Republic of Bulgaria, accompanied by a legalized translation of the diploma;
3. other relevant documents, including recommendations.

Issuance of License
Art. 11. (1) A special purpose investment company shall, no later than 6 months from the date of its registration in the Commercial Register, submit to the Commission an application for the issuance of a license to carry out activity as a special purpose investment company in the form determined by the Commission, to which the following shall be attached:
1. the articles of association;
2. the prospectus for the mandatory increase of capital through public offer of shares under Art. 6(2) and for their admission to trading on a regulated market;
3. documents certifying compliance with the requirements of Art. 10(2)-(4); the circumstances under Art. 10(2), item 1 for Bulgarian citizens are established ex officio by the Commission;
4. the contract with the depositary bank;
5. a list of names or titles and data on persons who directly or through related persons own 5 or more than 5 percent of the shares with voting rights; written declarations regarding the origin of the funds with which contributions against the subscribed shares were made, including whether the funds are not borrowed, and for taxes paid by them in the last 5 years, in a form approved by the Vice-Chairman;
6. the risk management rules, in case the company participates in the establishment or acquisition of shares or stocks in one or more specialized companies under Art. 28(1);
7. evidence of the existence of the necessary organization and resources of the company for carrying out the activity that will not be outsourced to third parties under Art. 27;
8. a contract for outsourcing activities with third parties under Art. 27(4) and evidence of the existence of the necessary organization, resources, and experience of these third parties, when activities are outsourced;
9. in the cases under Art. 27, information regarding the existence of contracts concluded by the third parties under Art. 27(4) with other special purpose investment companies;
10. other data and documents determined by regulation.
(2) When the submitted data and documents are incomplete or additional information or evidence is needed for the accuracy of the data, the Vice-Chairman sends a notice to the company and sets a deadline for eliminating the established incompleteness and discrepancies or for submitting additional information and documents, which may not be shorter than 10 working days. (3) If the notice under para. 2 is not received at the correspondence address indicated by the applicant, the deadline for submitting them runs from the publication of the notice on the Commission's website. The publication is certified by a protocol drawn up by officials determined by order of the Vice-Chairman. (4) The Commission, upon the proposal of the Vice-Chairman, decides on the application, issuing a license under para. 1 and approving the prospectus, or refusing to issue a license under para. 1, within a period of one month from receipt of the application, and when additional information and documents are requested - within 15 days from their receipt, respectively from the expiration of the deadline under para. 2. The Commission may once request the elimination of irregularities and/or provision of additional information. (5) The Commission, upon the proposal of the Vice-Chairman, refuses to issue a license under para. 1 if:
1. the prospectus under para. 1, item 2, the depositary bank, or the contract under para. 1, item 4 do not comply with the requirements of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on the prospectus to be published when securities are offered to the public or admitted to trading on a regulated market, and repealing Directive 2003/71/EC (OJ L 168/12 of 30 June 2017), hereinafter referred to as "Regulation (EU) 2017/1129", this Law, the Act on Public Offering of Securities, the Act on Collective Investment Schemes and Other Collective Investment Undertakings, or the acts for their implementation;
2. the third parties under Art. 27(4) do not meet the requirements of this Law, where applicable;
3. the persons who directly or through related persons own 5 or more than 5 percent of the shares with voting rights or can exercise control over the company through their activity or influence on decision-making, may harm the activity of the company;
4. the company does not meet the minimum capital requirements;
5. the persons under Art. 10(2) and 4 do not meet the requirements of Art. 10(2)-(4);
6. the submitted data do not prove the existence of the necessary organization and resources for carrying out the activity that will not be outsourced to third parties under Art. 27;
7. the applicant has submitted incorrect data or documents with false content;
8. the interests of investors are endangered in any other way.
(6) The refusal of the Commission under para. 5 is motivated in writing.

Prospectus
Art. 12. (Amended - SG, No. 67 of 2025) (1) The prospectus for the public offering of securities and their admission to trading on a regulated market is prepared and published in accordance with the requirements of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129, the Act on Public Offering of Securities, and the acts for their implementation, and must also contain:

1. data on investment objectives and restrictions in investment policy;
2. a description of the criteria that the real estate, respectively receivables, in which the company will invest, must meet, as well as the characteristics of the acquired real estate, respectively receivables;
3. data on other sources of financing, if provided;
4. the maximum amount of planned external financing relative to the size of own capital;
5. data on the depositary bank;
6. data on the necessary organization and resources for carrying out activities that will not be outsourced to third parties under Art. 27;
7. the maximum amounts of expenses under Art. 9(1), item 5;
8. data on additional investments and expenses necessary for bringing the assets into operation;
9. the maximum amount of assets that can be invested in specialized companies under Art. 28(1);
10. (amended - SG, No. 67 of 2025) information on other countries where it intends to acquire real estate, where applicable;
11. other data and documents determined by regulation.
    (2) The members of the Board of Directors of the special purpose investment company, its procurator, and the person guaranteeing the securities are jointly liable for damages caused by incorrect, misleading, or incomplete data in the prospectus. The persons under Art. 18 of the Accounting Act are jointly liable with the persons in the first sentence for damages caused by incorrect, misleading, or incomplete data in the financial statements of the special purpose investment company. When the prospectus includes information from audited financial statements, the registered auditor is liable for damages caused by the financial statements audited by him.

Initial Increase of Capital
Art. 13. (1) The initial increase of capital of the special purpose investment company is carried out only on the basis of a prospectus approved by the Commission under Art. 12.
(2) Upon the initial increase of capital, rights are issued within the meaning of § 1, item 3 of the Additional Provisions of the Act on Public Offering of Securities. One right is issued against each share of the increase.
(3) The initial increase of capital is serviced by an investment intermediary with capital of not less than that provided in Art. 10(2) of the Capital Markets Act. The entire issue of rights under para. 2 is offered by the investment intermediary for trading on a regulated market. Art. 194 of the Commerce Act does not apply upon the initial increase of capital. (4) The special purpose investment company sends a notification to the regulated market on which its shares will be offered. The notification contains the start date from which the offer of rights will begin, the deadlines under which it will be carried out, and information on the number and nominal and issue value of the shares to be subscribed. (5) The notification under para. 4 must be sent no later than 30 working days from the date of issuance of the license under Art. 11. (6) The regulated market is obliged to accept the rights under para. 2 for trading. (7) The period for subscribing to shares under para. 1 is at least 30 days. The start of the period for subscribing to shares coincides with the start of the period for transferring the rights. The period for subscribing to shares expires at least 5 working days after the expiration of the period for transferring the rights. (8) The initial increase of capital is carried out up to the size of the subscribed...