Rule · NBB · 11 Jun 2012
This Royal Decree establishes the risk-dependent contribution scheme for credit institutions established in Belgium to the Special Protection Fund for deposits and life insurance. It defines specific scoring intervals and risk classes for three key indicators: solvency, asset quality, and liquidity, assigning scores from 1 (very low risk) to 5 (very high risk). The regulation ensures a distribution of banks across these risk classes based on data from the National Bank and enters into force on 1 January 2012.
FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE FINANCES
N. 2012 — 1262 [C − 2012/03119]
22 APRIL 2012. — Royal Decree implementing Article 8, § 1, first paragraph, 1°bis, of the Royal Decree of 14 November 2008 implementing the Act of 15 October 2008 containing measures to promote financial stability and in particular establishing a State guarantee for loans granted and other transactions carried out in the context of financial stability, regarding the protection of deposits, life insurance and the capital of approved cooperative companies, and amending the Act of 2 August 2002 concerning supervision of the financial sector and financial services
REPORT TO THE KING
Sire,
The Decree that the Government has the honour to submit to Your signature concerns the contribution scheme to the Special Protection Fund for deposits and life insurance.
Pursuant to Article 8, § 1, first paragraph, 1°bis, of the Royal Decree of 14 November 2008 implementing the Act of 15 October 2008 containing measures to promote financial stability and in particular establishing a State guarantee for loans granted and other transactions carried out in the context of financial stability, regarding the protection of deposits, life insurance and the capital of approved cooperative companies, and amending the Act of 2 August 2002 concerning supervision of the financial sector and financial services, as inserted by the Act of 28 December 2011 establishing a financial stability contribution and amending the Royal Decree of 14 November 2008 implementing the Act of 15 October 2008 containing measures to promote financial stability and in particular establishing a State guarantee for loans granted and other transactions carried out in the context of financial stability, regarding the protection of deposits and life insurance, and amending the Act of 2 August 2002 concerning supervision of the financial sector and financial services, a risk-dependent contribution is due to the Special Protection Fund by credit institutions established in Belgium. The law therefore contains a number of indicators and weights for the calculation of these risk-dependent contributions.
The power to define the intervals determining the score to be assigned to each risk indicator based on its value has been left to the King. For each risk indicator, intervals must be defined that reflect the different risk classes. These risk classes relate to absolute and non-relative risks. The first risk class indicates a very low risk and the last risk class indicates a very high risk.
The observations of the Council of State have been taken into account. In response to the observation of the Council of State regarding the lack of a sustainable development impact assessment, it must be stated that Article 19/1 of the Act of 5 May 1997, inserted by the Act of 30 July 2010, has not yet been implemented. A draft Royal Decree regulating the impact assessment and determining exemptions from this assessment is currently being prepared.
Therefore, only existing guidelines regarding the SDII test can be relied upon, and it can be concluded that the exemption due to the self-regulation of the federal authority can be invoked.
Article 1
Article 1 contains the scores that must be used for the risk profiles of core indicators. The risk level, with regard to the adequacy of own funds, the quality of assets and liquidity, can vary from score 1 (very low risk level) to score 5 (very high risk level).
In addition, the scores that must be assigned to participants based on the current values of the indicators in a given risk class are also defined. These concern the elements of adequacy of own funds, quality of assets and liquidity.
When defining these intervals, two requirements must be met: (i) these intervals must reflect the risk taken by the credit institution for each risk parameter and (ii) the banks must be distributed across these intervals. Otherwise, a risk-based system would yield the same result as a risk-insensitive system.
For solvency risk, the different risk classes were defined based on the scale proposed by the European Commission in its draft directive. This scale was however adapted to take into account the fact that (i) the regulatory requirement regarding the own funds ratio is only 4% of risk-weighted assets and that (ii) own funds sensu stricto represent on average 93% of the total own funds meeting solvency requirements. For solvency, the European Commission places the regulatory standard in the fourth risk class. This therefore also applies to the proposed scale.
When establishing the risk classes, care is taken to ensure that banks are sufficiently distributed across the different risk classes. According to figures from the National Bank, 32 credit institutions as of 31 December 2010 showed a very low risk, 10 a low risk and 6 an average risk.
For the first indicator regarding the quality of assets, there is no regulatory standard and the European Commission does not provide a scale in its draft directive. For the calculation of the score for the quality of assets, it is assumed that when the share of risk-weighted assets is greater than 75% of the total assets, the credit institution holds assets with a very high risk. When these assets, on the other hand, represent less than 30% of the total assets, because they are assigned a low risk weight in the calculation of regulatory requirements, these assets are considered low risk. The classes are divided into tranches of 15%, whereby the credit institutions are evenly distributed. According to figures from the National Bank and based on that scale, 13 institutions as of 31 December 2010 held assets that on average showed a very low risk, 12 assets with a low risk, 5 assets with an average risk, 13 assets with a high risk and 5 assets with a very high risk.
Just like for the first indicator for the quality of assets, there is also no regulatory standard for the second indicator for the quality of assets. However, when impairments on loans, investment securities and money market instruments exceed net interest income and dividend income, it can be assumed that the risks associated with the assets were at least very high. The value of 100% is therefore placed in category 4. For the delimitation of the different risk classes, intervals of 35% are used. According to figures from the National Bank as of 31 December 2010, 41 banks would be placed in the first risk class, 5 in the second, 1 in the third, 0 in the fourth and 1 in the fifth risk class. It should be noted that this ratio is very cyclical and that the scores obtained, for example based on figures as of 31 December 2008, would have been very different if the presence in the fifth risk class had been greater. This is in fact the reason why data over three years is used for the calculation of the score.
For liquidity risk, the National Bank has established a regulatory limit of 100%. This regulatory limit is therefore in the fourth risk class. For the delimitation of the risk classes, intervals of 15% were used. According to figures from the National Bank and based on the average ratio between January and May 2011, 33 credit institutions would have had a score of 1, 3 a score of 2, 8 a score of 3, 1 a score of 4 and 3 a score of 5.
Article 2
The new contribution scheme, whereby contributions are risk-dependent, takes effect as of 1 January 2012 in accordance with Article 9 of the Act of 28 December 2011.
To ensure the proper functioning of the services, Article 2 provides that the Decree also enters into force on that date. The retroactive effect does not prejudice acquired rights in this case.
I have the honour to be,
Sire,
Your Majesty's, very respectful and very faithful servant,
The Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, S. VANACKERE
SERVICE PUBLIC FEDERAL FINANCES
F. 2012 — 1262 [C − 2012/03119]
22 AVRIL 2012. — Arrêté royal portant exécution de l’article 8, § 1er, alinea 1er, 1°bis, de l’arrêté royal du 14 novembre 2008 portant exécution de la loi du 15 octobre 2008 portant des mesures visant à promouvoir la stabilité financière et instituant en particulier une garantie d’Etat relative aux crédits octroyés et autres opérations effectuées dans le cadre de la stabilité financière, en ce qui concerne la protection des dépôts, des assurances sur la vie et du capital de sociétés coopératives agréées, et modifiant la loi du 2 août 2002 relative à la surveillance du secteur financier et aux services financiers
RAPPORT AU ROI
Sire,
L’arrêté que le Gouvernement a l’honneur de soumettre à Votre signature concerne le régime des contributions au Fonds spécial de protection des dépôts et des assurances sur la vie.
Conformément à l’article 8, § 1er, alinéa 1er, 1°bis, de l’arrêté royal du 14 novembre 2008 portant exécution de la loi du 15 octobre 2008 portant des mesures visant à promouvoir la stabilité financière et instituant en particulier une garantie d’Etat relative aux crédits octroyés et autres opérations effectuées dans le cadre de la stabilité financière, en ce qui concerne la protection des dépôts, des assurances sur la vie et du capital de sociétés coopératives agréées, et modifiant la loi du 2 août 2002 relative à la surveillance du secteur financier et aux services financiers, tel qu’inséré par la loi du 28 décembre 2011 instaurant une contribution de stabilité financière et modifiant l’arrêté royal du 14 novembre 2008 portant exécution de la loi du 15 octobre 2008 portant des mesures visant à promouvoir la stabilité financière et instituant en particulier une garantie d’Etat relative aux crédits octroyés et autres opérations effectuées dans le cadre de la stabilité financière, en ce qui concerne la protection des dépôts et des assurances sur la vie, et modifiant la loi du 2 août 2002 relative à la surveillance du secteur financier et aux services financiers, une contribution calculée en fonction des risques est due au Fonds spécial de protection par les établissements de crédit établis en Belgique. La loi établit dès lors des indicateurs et des pondérations pour calculer ces contributions en fonction des risques.
Le Roi est habilité à définir des intervalles déterminant le score à attribuer à chaque indicateur de risque, en fonction de sa valeur. Pour chaque indicateur de risque, des intervalles définissant différentes catégories de risque doivent être déterminés. Ces catégories reflètent un risque absolu et non relatif. La première catégorie de risque présente un risque très faible et la dernière catégorie de risque un risque très élevé.
Il a été tenu compte des remarques du Conseil d’Etat. Toutefois, en réponse à la remarque du Conseil d’Etat relative au manque d’une évaluation d’incidence des décisions sur le développement durable, il y a lieu de préciser que l’article 19/1 de la loi du 5 mai 1997, inséré par la loi du 30 juillet 2010, n’a pas encore pu être exécuté. Un projet d’arrêté royal réglant l’évaluation d’incidence et fixant les dispenses de cette évaluation, est en cours de préparation.
Dès lors, l’on ne peut s’appuyer que sur les directives existantes en matière du test EIDDD. Il peut être conclu que la dispense découlant de l’autorégulation de l’autorité fédérale peut être invoquée.
Article 1er
L’article 1er établit les scores à associer aux profils de risque en ce qui concerne les indicateurs de base. S’agissant de l’adéquation des fonds propres, de la qualité des actifs et de la liquidité, le niveau de risque peut se traduire par un score allant de 1 (très faible) à 5 (très élevé).
L’article 1er fixe par ailleurs les scores qui doivent être attribués aux participants sur la base des valeurs actuelles des indicateurs dans une catégorie de risque donnée. Ceux-ci concernent l’adéquation des fonds propres, la qualité des actifs et la liquidité.
La définition de ces intervalles doit répondre à une double exigence :
(i) refléter le risque pris par un établissement de crédit pour chaque paramètre de risque et (ii) assurer une certaine répartition des banques dans ces intervalles, sans quoi un système fondé sur le risque aboutirait au même résultat qu’un système insensible au risque.
Pour le risque de solvabilité, les différentes catégories de risque ont été déterminées en partant de l’échelle proposée par la Commission européenne dans sa proposition de directive. Celle-ci a néanmoins été adaptée afin de tenir compte du fait que (i) l’exigence réglementaire portant sur le ratio des fonds propres n’est que de 4 % des actifs pondérés en fonction des risques et que (ii) en moyenne, les fonds propres sensu stricto représentent 93 % du total des fonds propres répondant aux exigences de solvabilité. Pour la solvabilité, la Commission européenne ancre la norme réglementaire dans la quatrième catégorie de risque, ce qui est dès lors aussi le cas avec l’échelle proposée.
Les catégories de risque telles qu’elles sont définies assurent une bonne répartition des banques entre les différentes catégories de risque. Sur la base des chiffres fournis par la Banque nationale, au 31 décembre 2010, 32 établissements de crédit présentaient un risque très faible, 10 un risque faible et 6 un risque moyen.
En ce qui concerne le premier indicateur de la qualité des actifs, il n’existe pas de norme réglementaire, et la Commission européenne, dans sa proposition de directive, ne prévoit pas d’échelle. Il est dès lors considéré, pour les besoins du calcul du score de qualité des actifs, que lorsque la part représentée par des actifs pondérés en fonction des risques excède 75 % du total de l’actif, l’établissement de crédit détient des actifs présentant un risque très élevé. A contrario, lorsque ces actifs représentent moins de 30 % du total des actifs, parce qu’ils reçoivent une pondération faible dans le calcul des exigences réglementaires, ces actifs sont jugés peu risqués. Des catégories intermédiaires sont définies par tranche de 15 %. Ceci permet d’assurer une répartition équilibrée des établissements de crédit. D’après les chiffres de la Banque Nationale, au 31 décembre 2010, sur la base de cette échelle, 13 établissements portaient des actifs présentant en moyenne un risque très faible, 12 un risque faible, 5 un risque moyen, 13 un risque élevé et 5 un risque très élevé.
Comme c’est le cas pour le premier indicateur relatif à la qualité des actifs, il n’existe pas de norme réglementaire pour le second indicateur de la qualité des actifs. Toutefois, lorsque les réductions de valeur sur créances, valeurs mobilières et titres négociables de placement excèdent le produit net d’intérêt et les revenus d’action, l’on peut considérer que les risques associés aux actifs étaient au minimum très élevés. Dès lors, la valeur de 100 % est classée dans la catégorie 4. Des intervalles de 35 % servent à délimiter les différentes catégories de risque. Sur la base des chiffres de la Banque nationale, au 31 décembre 2010, 41 banques auraient été classées dans la première catégorie de risque, 5 dans la deuxième, 1 dans la troisième, 0 dans la quatrième, et 1 dans la cinquième. Il convient de noter que ce ratio est fortement cyclique et que les scores obtenus, par exemple sur la base des chiffres au 31 décembre 2008, auraient été radicalement différents, avec une présence plus importante dans la cinquième catégorie de risque. C’est d’ailleurs ce pourquoi trois années sont utilisées pour calculer le score.
En ce qui concerne le risque de liquidité, le Banque Nationale a fixé une limite réglementaire à 100 %. Dès lors, cette limite réglementaire est située dans la quatrième catégorie de risque. Des intervalles de 15 % ont été utilisés pour limiter chacune des catégories de risque. Sur la base des chiffres de la Banque nationale, compte tenu du ratio moyen entre janvier et mai 2011, 33 établissements de crédit auraient eu un score de 1, 3 un score de 2, 8 un score de 3, 1 un score de 4 et 3 un score de 5.
Article 2
Le nouveau régime des contributions, dans le cadre duquel les contributions sont liées aux risques, produit ses effets le 1er janvier 2012, conformément à l’article 9 de la loi du 28 décembre 2011.
Afin d’assurer le bon fonctionnement des services, l’article 2 dispose que l’arrêté entre également en vigueur à cette date. La rétroactivité ne porte pas atteinte ici à des situations acquises.
J’ai l’honneur d’être,
Sire, de Votre Majesté, le très respectueux et très fidèle serviteur, Le Vice-Premier Ministre et Ministre des Finances, S. VANACKERE
BELGISCH STAATSBLAD — 07.05.2012 — MONITEUR BELGE 26779 26780 BELGISCH STAATSBLAD — 07.05.2012 — MONITEUR BELGE
22 APRIL 2012. — Royal Decree implementing Article 8, § 1, first paragraph, 1°bis, of the Royal Decree of 14 November 2008 implementing the Law of 15 October 2008 containing measures to promote financial stability and in particular establishing a State guarantee for granted loans and other transactions in the context of financial stability, regarding the protection of deposits, life insurance, and the capital of approved cooperative companies, and amending the Law of 2 August 2002 concerning supervision of the financial sector and financial services
ALBERT II, King of the Belgians,
To all whom these presents shall come, Greeting.
Having regard to the Royal Decree of 14 November 2008 implementing the Law of 15 October 2008 containing measures to promote financial stability and in particular establishing a State guarantee for granted loans and other transactions in the context of financial stability, regarding the protection of deposits, life insurance, and the capital of approved cooperative companies, and amending the Law of 2 August 2002 concerning supervision of the financial sector and financial services, Article 8, § 1, first paragraph, 1°bis, inserted by the Law of 28 December 2011;
Having regard to the opinion of the Financial Inspection, given on 18 November 2011;
Having regard to the agreement of the Secretary of State for the Budget, given on 21 November 2011;
Having regard to the opinion CON/2011/103 of the European Central Bank, given on 12 December 2011;
Having regard to the request for expedited treatment motivated by the fact that the Law of 28 December 2011 introducing a contribution for financial stability and amending the Royal Decree of 14 November 2008 implementing the Law of 15 October 2008 containing measures to promote financial stability and in particular establishing a State guarantee for granted loans and other transactions in the context of financial stability, regarding the protection of deposits and life insurance, and amending the Law of 2 August 2002 concerning supervision of the financial sector and financial services, introduces on 1 January 2012 a risk-based contribution due to the Special Protection Fund by credit institutions established in Belgium; that this law contains a number of indicators and weights for the calculation of these risk-based contributions; that this law leaves to the King the authority to determine the intervals that determine the score to be assigned to each risk indicator based on its value; that since these intervals are indispensable to calculate the aforementioned contribution, they must be determined by the King on 1 January 2012;
Having regard to opinion 50.807/2 of the Council of State, given on 9 January 2012, in application of Article 84, § 1, first paragraph, 2°, of the Laws on the Council of State, coordinated on 12 January 1973;
On the proposal of the Minister of Finance,
We have decided and decide:
Article 1. The intervals determining the score to be assigned to each risk
indicator based on its value and mentioned in Article 8, § 1, first paragraph, 1°bis, of the Royal Decree of 14 November 2008 implementing the Law of 15 October 2008 containing measures to promote financial stability and in particular establishing a State guarantee for granted loans and other transactions in the context of financial stability, regarding the protection of deposits, life insurance, and the capital of approved cooperative companies, and amending the Law of 2 August 2002 concerning supervision of the financial sector and financial services, are the following:
22 AVRIL 2012. — Royal Decree implementing Article 8, § 1, paragraph 1, 1°bis, of the Royal Decree of 14 November 2008 implementing the Law of 15 October 2008 containing measures to promote financial stability and in particular establishing a State guarantee regarding granted loans and other transactions carried out in the context of financial stability, regarding the protection of deposits, life insurance, and the capital of approved cooperative companies, and amending the Law of 2 August 2002 concerning supervision of the financial sector and financial services
ALBERT II, King of the Belgians,
To all, present and future, Greeting.
Having regard to the Royal Decree of 14 November 2008 implementing the Law of 15 October 2008 containing measures to promote financial stability and in particular establishing a State guarantee regarding granted loans and other transactions carried out in the context of financial stability, regarding the protection of deposits, life insurance, and the capital of approved cooperative companies, and amending the Law of 2 August 2002 concerning supervision of the financial sector and financial services,
Article 8, § 1, paragraph 1, 1°bis, inserted by the Law of 28 December 2011;
Having regard to the opinion of the Financial Inspection, given on 18 November 2011;
Having regard to the agreement of the Secretary of State for the Budget, given on 21 November 2011;
Having regard to the opinion CON/2011/103 of the European Central Bank, given on 12 December 2011;
Having regard to the urgency motivated by the fact that the Law of 28 December 2011 establishing a financial stability contribution and amending the Royal Decree of 14 November 2008 implementing the Law of 15 October 2008 containing measures to promote financial stability and in particular establishing a State guarantee regarding granted loans and other transactions carried out in the context of financial stability, regarding the protection of deposits and life insurance, and amending the Law of 2 August 2002 concerning supervision of the financial sector and financial services, establishes on 1 January 2012 a risk-based contribution, which is due to the Special Protection Fund by credit institutions established in Belgium; that this law establishes indicators and weights to calculate these risk-based contributions; that this law empowers the King to define intervals determining the score to be assigned to each risk indicator, based on its value; that since these intervals are indispensable to calculate said contribution, they must be defined by the King on 1 January 2012;
Having regard to opinion 50.807/2 of the Council of State, given on 9 January 2012, in application of Article 84, § 1, paragraph 1, 2°, of the Laws on the Council of State, coordinated on 12 January 1973;
On the proposal of the Minister of Finance,
We have decided and decide:
Article 1. The intervals determining the score to be assigned to each
risk indicator, based on its value, as referred to in Article 8, § 1, paragraph 1, 1°bis, of the Royal Decree of 14 November 2008 implementing the Law of 15 October 2008 containing measures to promote financial stability and in particular establishing a State guarantee regarding granted loans and other transactions carried out in the context of financial stability, regarding the protection of deposits, life insurance, and the capital of approved cooperative companies, and amending the Law of 2 August 2002 concerning supervision of the financial sector and financial services, are the following:
BELGIAN OFFICIAL GAZETTE — 07.05.2012 — MONITEUR BELGE 26781
26782 BELGIAN OFFICIAL GAZETTE — 07.05.2012 — MONITEUR BELGE
Art. 2. This Decree shall take effect as of 1 January 2012.
Art. 3. The Minister responsible for Finance is charged with the execution of this Decree.
Given in Brussels, 22 April 2012.
ALBERT
By the King:
The Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, S. VANACKERE
Art. 2. This Decree shall produce its effects on 1 January 2012.
Art. 3. The Minister who has Finance in his attributions is charged with the execution of this Decree.
Given in Brussels, 22 April 2012.
ALBERT
By the King:
The Vice-Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, S. VANACKERE
BELGIAN OFFICIAL GAZETTE — 07.05.2012 — MONITEUR BELGE 26783
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“and amending the Act of 2 August 2002 concerning supervision of the financial sector and financial services”
“as inserted by the Act of 28 December 2011 establishing a financial stability contribution”
“Royal Decree of 14 November 2008 implementing the Act of 15 October 2008 containing measures to promote financial stability”
“Pursuant to Article 8, § 1, first paragraph, 1°bis, of the Royal Decree of 14 November 2008 implementing the Act of 15 October 2008”
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