SEC Division of Investment Management staff letter: INVESCO Funds Group, Inc.

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Our Ref. No. 97-198-CC

RESPONSE OF THE OFFICE OF CHIEF COUNSEL INVESCO DIVISION OF INVESTMNT MAAGEMENT File No. 801-1569 Your letter dated April 8, 1997 requests our assurance that

we would not recommend that the Commission take any enforcement

action under Section 15 (a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940

(the "1940 Act") against the INVESCO family of investment

companies (" Funds") or their investment adviser or sub- advisers

if, as more fully described in your letter, the investment

advisers and sub-advisers reallocate the advisory fees paid by

the Funds without obtaining the approval of the shareholders of

the Funds.

You state that the Funds comprise fifteen registered open-

end investment companies, eleven of which have multiple series.

You further state that each Fund or series of a Fund, as

applicable, has entered into an Investment Advisory Agreement

with INVESCO Funds Group, Inc. (the "Adviser") which, in turn,

has entered into Sub-Advisory Agreements with an affiliated

company on behalf of each Fund or series (the "Sub~Advisers").

You state that the Advisory Agreements were approved by the shareholders of the appropriate Funds or series. i You further state that pursuant to the Sub-Advisory

Agreements, the Adviser has delegated to the Sub-Adviser for each

Fund or series the responsibility for managing the investment and

reinvestment of Fund assets, maintaining a continuous investment

program for the Fund, providing investment analysis and research,

and making recommendations concerning the exercise of rights

pertaining to the Fund's portfolio securities. For these

services, the Adviser pays each Sub-Adviser a portion of the

advisory fee paid by the applicable Fund or series to the

Adviser. The fee payable to each Sub-Adviser is set forth in the

applicable Sub-Advisory Agreement; the fee varies by Sub-Adviser

depending on the nature and size of the applicable Fund or series.
You state that the current allocation of fees between the

Adviser and each Sub-Adviser was based on an estimate or

prediction of what the allocation of services to and

responsibility for the applicable Fund or series would be as

between the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser. You represent that

¡You also state that the Sub-Advisory Agreements were approved

by the shareholders of the applicáble Funds or series. Telephone

conversation with Susan M. Casey (May 20, 1997).

1

further analysis has shown that an allocation of two-thirds of

the advisory fee to the Adviser and one-third to the Sub-Adviser

would reflect more accurately how the services and

responsibilities for the Funds or series have been apportioned.

You state that the proposed fee reallocation would result in a

decrease in the payments made to the Sub-Adviser with respect to

most Funds and series, and a corresponding increase in the

payments retained by the Adviser. Payments made to certain Sub-

Advisers, however, would increase, resulting in a corresponding

decrease in the amount retained by the Adviser. You represent

that the services provided under the Advisory Agreements and Sub-

Advisory Agreements will not be affected by the proposed reallocation of fees. 2 You represent that management of the Funds intends to seek

the approval of the Boards of Directors of the affected Funds

(incl uding a maj ori ty of the independent Directors who are not "interested persons" of the Funds) of the proposed fee

reallocation. You further state that if the Boards of Directors

approve the proposed reallocation and amendments, the Adviser

will ensure that the shareholders of the affected Funds and

series receive prompt notice of the reallocation.

Section 15 (a) (1) of the Act provides, in relevant part, that

it is unlawful "for any person to serve or act as investment

adviser of a registered investment company, except pursuant to a

written contract, which contract . . . has been approved by the

vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such

registered company, and precisely describes all compensation to

be paid thereunder." You acknowledge that, as a result of the

proposed reallocation of the advisory fees paid by the Funds and

series among the Adviser and Sub-Advisers, the Sub-Advisory

Agreements would no longer precisely describe the compensation to

be paid under the contracts. You represent that each Sub-

Advisory Agreement would be amended in accordance wi th the provisions of Section 15 of the 1940 Act, other than the shareholder vote requirement, to reflect the reallocation. 3 You maintain, however, that the proposed reallocation does

not implicate the concerns that Section 15 (a) of the 1940 Act was

designed to address. You state that the central purpose of the

shareholder vote requirement of Section 15 (a) is to protect fund

shareholders from abuses that may arise due to "trafficking" in

advisory contracts, or other material modifications that may harm

shareholders, such as unwarranted fee increases or a decline in

the services for which .funds pay fees.

2Id.
3Telephone conversation with Susan M. Casey (August 1, 1997).

2

Based on the facts and representations in your letter and

telephone conversations, particularly your representations that

(i) none of the Adviser or Sub-Advisers will reduce the quality

or quantity of its services with respect to a Fund or series and

(ii) each Sub-Advisory Agreement will be amended in accordance

with the provisions of Section 15 of the 1940 Act, other than the

shareholder vote requirement, to reflect the reallocation, we

would not recommend enforcement action to the Commission under

Section 15 (a) if the advisory fees paid by the Funds and series

are reallocated between the Adviser and each Sub-Adviser as

described in your letter without obtaining shareholder approval.

This position expresses the staff's position with respect to

enforcement only and does not purport to express any legal

conclusion on the question presented.4 You should note that any

different facts or representations may require a different

conclusion. ~~l,~
Alison M. Fuller

At torney
4The position set forth in this letter is limited to reallocations of advisory fees and supersedes our position set forth in The AAL Mutual Funds (pub. avail. Feb. 28, 1990). The . staff also would not recommend enforcement action to the Commission under Section 15 (a) of the 1940 Act if each Fund or

series had been a party to the appropriate Sub-Advisory

Agreement, or if the Adviser and Sub-Advisers had not been affiliated. 3

1800 MASACHUSETS AVENU, N.W.
2ND FLOOR
WASHIGTON, D.C. 20036-1800

TELEPHONE (202) 778-9000

FACSIME (202) 778-9100
1940 Act - Section 15(a)
-Section 2(a)(20)
Rule 2( a)( 6)
Apn1 8, 1997
Division of
Investment Management
Securities and Exchange Commssion
450 Fifth Street, NW, MS 10-6
Washigton, DC 20549
Dear Sir or Madam:
We are wrting to request, on behal of the INSCO famiy of investment companes ("Funds") and their advisors and sub-advisors (al of which are entities either directly or indirectly owned by AMSCO PLC), that the Staf of the Division of Investment Management ("Staff") advise that it wi not recommend enforcement agaist the Funds, their advisors or sub-advisors under Section 15(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 ("1940 Act") if the proposed program to reallocate fees among the advisors and sub-advisors (which is described in detail below) is implemented without obtainig a vote of the shareholders of the Funds. BACKGROUND The Funds and Their Current Advisory Arrangements The Funds are currently comprised of fieen registered open-end investment companes, fourteen of which are organized as Marland corporations, and one of which is organzed as a Massachusetts business trust. Eleven of the Funds have multiple series.' Each Fund or 'series, as applicable, has entered into an Investment Advisory Agreement with INSCO Funds Group, Inc. ("IFG"). (IFG may be referred toherein asthe "Advisor.") IFG, in turn has entered into Sub-Advisory Agreements with an afated company on behal of each Fund or series for which it pedorms investment management servces: There are six of these afated companies currently servng as sub-advisors to the Funds: : INSCO Trust Company, INSCO Capital Management, Inc., INSCO Management & Research, Inc., INSCO Realty Advisers, Inc., INSCO Asset Management Limted and INSCO Asia Limited. (The foregoing entities may be referred to herein as the "Sub-Advisors.") The Advisor and the Sub-Advisors are each owned, DC161914.ü BOSTON. HARRISBURG. ,!L-'\1I. NEW YORK. PITTSBURGH. \VASHINGTON

April 8, 1997

indirectly, by the same ultimate parent company, AMSCO PLC.1 Exhbit A to this letter lists each of the Funds that is the subject of this request, its Advisor and its Sub-Advisor. Each Fund's Investment Advisory Agreement (or Investment Advisory Agreements, in the case of Funds with multiple series) has been approved by the shareholders of the Fund or series. Under the Investment Advisory Agreements, IFG has agreed to manage the investment and reinvestment of Fund assets, to maitai a continuous investment program for the Fund, to

provide investment analysis and research, to make recommendations concerng the exercise of rights pertaig to the Fund's portfolio securities and to calculate the Fund's net asset value.

IFG also furnshes the executive, admistrative and clerical servces required to operate each Fund and ensure that its operations are in compliance with applicable law. Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreements between IFG and the respective Sub-Advisors, IFG has delegated to the Sub-Advisor for each Fund or series the responsibilty for managig the investment and reinvestment of Fund assets, maitaig a continuous investment program for the

Fund, providing investment analysis and research, and makg recommendations concerng the exercise of rights pertaig to the Fund's portfolio securities. For these servces, IFG (not the

Fund) pays a portion of its advisory fees to the Sub-Advisor. The portion of the advisory fees

paid over to the Sub-Advisor is set forth in each Sub-Advisory Agreement, and varies depending on the nature and size of the Fund or series. Exhbit A to this letter sets forth, for each Fund or series, the fees such Fund or series pays to IFG for investment advisory servces and the fees paid by IFG to the Sub-Advisor of that Fund or series for Sub-Advisory servces. For your reference, we have also included, as Exhbit B to this letter, examples of the Funds' Investment Advisory Agreements and Sub-Advisory Agreements. . The Proposed Fee Reallocation Historicaly, the alocation of each Fund's or series' advisory fees between that Fund's or series' Advisor and Sub-Advisor, as reflected in the Investment Advisory Agreement and Sub￾Advisory Agreement for that Fund or series, was based on an estimate or prediction of what the alocation of servces to, and responsibilty for, that Fund or series would be as between the Advisor and Sub-Advisor. Such estimates and predictions are reflected in the current fee 1 . AMSCO PLC was formerly known as INSCO PLC. It changed its name on February 28, 1997, upon the consummation of a merger with AI Management Group. AMSCO PLC is a publicly-traded holding company that, through its subsidiares, engages in the business of investment management on an international basis. As a result of the merger, subject to shareholder approval, certain Funds that are not the subject of this request wil no longer be advised by IFG.

April 8, 1997

structures, as detailed in Exhbit A. Further analysis, however, has shown that an allocation of two-thids of the advisory fee to the Advisor and one-thid to the Sub-Advisor would reflect more accurately how the servces and responsibilties for the Funds and series have, over time, been apportioned between the Advisor and Sub-Advisors. In addition to reflecting more accurately the alocation of servces and responsibilties between the Advisors and the Sub-Advisors,

management of the Funds believes that the proposed revised fee alocation would be easier and less costly to admister. if the simple two-thids/one-thid allocation is applied to the Funds or series, there would be fewer separate fee schedules to track than the numerous diferent fee alocations currently provided for in the Sub-Advisory Agreements. Therefore, management of the Funds intends to seek the approval ofthe.Boards of Directors of the afected Funds (including a majority of the Directors who are not "interested persons" of the Funds) for a realocation of the advisory fees for each Fund or series, so that the Advisor wil pay no more than one-thid of the total advisory fees received with respect to that Fund or series to the Sub-Advisor. if Board approval is obtained, the Advisor will ensure that the shareholders of the afected Funds and series receive prompt notice of the reallocation in either a revised prospectus or a prospectus supplement. ANALYSIS
Section 15(a) of
the 1940 Act provides, as relevant here, that:
It shall be unlawfl for any person to serve or act as an investment adviser of a registered investment company, except pursuant to a wrtten contract, which contract, whether with such registered company or with an investment adviser of such registered company, has been approved by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such registered company, and - (1) precisely describes al compensation to be paid thereunder. . .. (emphasis added) . . . '" ._

The central purpose of the shareholder vote requirement imposed by Section 15(a) is to 2 inbit "trafckig" in investment advisory contracts.

Each Sub-Advisor may be deemed an "investment advisef' to any Fund or series that it sub-advises.3 As shown in Exhbit A, the proposed fee realocation would result in a decrease in 2 See Hearigs on S. 3580 before a Subcommttee of the Senate Commttee on bankng and currency, 76th Cong., 3d Sess. 253 (statement of David Schenker, Chief Counsel, Investment TIlst Study).

3 Section 2(a)(20)(iii) of the 1940 Act defies an "investment advisef' to mean, as relevant here, "(A) any person. . . who pursuant to contract with such company regularly furnshes advice to

April 8, 1997 the payments made to the Sub-Advisor with respect to most Funds or series, and a corresponding increase in the payments retaied by the Advisor. Therefore, the description of the Sub-Advisor's compensation in the Sub-Advisory Agreements would be superseded by the new alocation, and would no longer "precisely describe" the compensation to be paid under the Sub-Advisory Agreement for each Fund or series. (Of course, the description of the compensation in the Investment Advisory Agreement for each Fund or series would remain completely accurate.) We are aware that, as a general matter, the Stafhas viewed any change to an advisory fee as a modifcation ofthe contract for which prior shareholder approval is required. The Staf has reasoned that "( w )hen an adviser and a fund agree to modif the advisory fee described in the advisory contract, that contract no longer describes precisely al compensation to be paid thereunder," and therefore "Section 15(a) requires that shareholders vote on a fee modification (effected either orally or in wrting) prior to its implementation.,,4

There are, however, two lies of no-action authority that argue for suspending the techncal requirements of Section 15(a) in situations where imposition of those requirements would result in the delay and expense of a shareholder meeting to approve new contracts when, from the perspective of the fund's shareholders, no material change in the advisory arangements wi occur. Such changes are unlely to involve the confcts of interest or overreachig that the shareholder vote requirement of Section 15(a) was designed to prevent. As discussed below, when it is clear from the facts and circumstances in a paricular case that the concerns addressed by the shareholder vote requirement of Section 15(a) are not implicated, the Staf has shown flexibilty in permtting investment companies to modif contracts without the delay and expense of submitting the modifed contracts to a shareholder vote. Transfer of Advisory Contracts to an Afiated Investment Advisor. Section 15(a)(4) of the 1940 Act requires that an investment advisory contract provide for its automatic teniation in the event of assignent. . Such assignents trigger. a requirement for .a. shareholder vote to approve a new investment advisory contract, even if the new contract is simar in all material respects to the "assigned" contract. The impact of this statutory provision has been mitigated by such company with respect to the desirabilty of investing in purchasing or sellg securities or other propert . . ., and (B) any other person who pursuant to contract with a person described in

clause (A) regularly pedorms substantially all of the duties undertaken by such person described in clause (A) . . . . " It is not entirely clear that, in fact, each Sub-Advisor pedorms "substantially all" of the duties undertaken by the Advisor. As noted above, management of the Funds believes that the Sub-Advisors, generally, pedorm about one-thid ofthe activities necessary to maintain and operate each Fund or series, although they have been delegated primar responsibilty for

investing the Funds' assets.
4 See, !t, PMD Investment Company (pub. avaiL. April

22, 1991).

Apn1 8, 1997
Rule 2a-6, which provides that "(a) transaction which does not result in a change of actual control or management of the investment adviset' is not considered an assignent for purposes of
Section 15(a)(4).5
In a series of no-action letters, the Staf has interpreted Section 15(a)(4) and Rule 2a-6 as permtting transfers of advisory contracts a:ong afated entities without the necessity for a shareholder vote. For example, in Niko International Capital Management Co., Ltd. (pub. avaiL. June 1, 1987), the Staf agreed that it would not recommend enforcement action for the transfer of a sub-advisory agreement from one indirectly controlled afate of The Niko Securities Co., Ltd. to another. Simlarly, in Spears, Benzak Salomon & Farell, Inc. (pub. avai. Januar 21, 1986), the Staf agreed not to recommend enforcement ifa fund's advisory conttact was transferred for "reasons of administrative effciency" from its current adviser to a new entity that would be owned by the same four shareholders who owned the current advisor. In these cases, the transfer of the contracts was not deemed to be an assignent because it would have no impact on fund shareholders - advisory fees, investment management personnel, ultimate control of the advisory entity and the servces to be rendered to the fund by the advisor would al remai unchanged. As a result, there was no need to seek shareholder approval of the "new" contract. In our view, if a new contract with a new advisory entity does not require shareholder approval when the transfer of the advisory relationship results from a corporate restructurig of afated

entities, then a reallocation of advisory fees among afated entities - with no change in the amount of the fees paid by fund shareholders, and no change in advisory personnel or in the nature of the servces rendered - should not require shareholder approval.

Fee Reductions. The Staff has also shown flexibilty in permtting an advisory fee to be reduced without prior shareholder approval, where no other changes to the contract are being made that would in any way adversely afect shareholders. The Stafs earlier no-action positions in this area permtted reduction. of an advisory fee only where shareholders would have the opportnity to approve the.new -or modifed advisory agreement at an.upcomig-shareholder meeting.6 More recently, however, the Staf has appeared to look more to the central concerns 5 As was noted in the release proposing Rule 2a-6, ". . . where there is no change in the actal control or management of the investment adviser or pricipal underwter - and, hence, the actual

management of the investment company - as a result of the transaction, the transaction would not appear to confict with the Congressional concerns embodied in the act." (footnote omitted). Investment Company Act ReL No. 10809 (August 6, 1980). 6 See. ~ Lord, Abbett & Co. (pub. avail. May 16, 1977) (Staf took the position that it would not recommend enforcement action if, as the result of a court-approved settlement of a lawsuit, the advisor to an investment company reduced the advisory fee prior to obtaining shareholder approval at the next annual meeting); USAA Mutual Fund, Inc. (pub. avai. Januar 30, 1990) took the position that it would not recommend enforcement action if (Staf advisory agreements

April 8, 1997

of the shareholder vote requirement, and concluded that it may be suspended when the only contract modifcation at issue is a reduction in fees (with no change in the servce~ provided). As the Staf stated in Limted Term Municipal Fund, Inc. (Nov. 17, 1992), "a majority of an investment company's outstanding voting securities always would approve a proposed advisory contract amendment that had no effect other than to reduce the percentage of the company's assets to be paid to the adviser," and that to require the fund to cal a shareholder meeting "for the sole purpose of approvig the advisory contract amendment" would disadvantage the fud by causing it to incur needless expenses associated with the meeting.7 AA Mutual Funds (pub. avai. Februar 28, 1990) (the "AA Lettet') presented a situation that is superfcialy simar to the fee realocation proposed with respec. to the Funds. In the AA Letter, the Staf was asked to take a no-action position with respect to a proposed change in a sub-advisory contract, without a shareholder vote, that would reduce the portion of the advisory fee paid to a thid-part sub-advisor without reducing the advisory fee. The Staf relied on its earlier no-action letters, and denied the relief requested because the proposal would permt the advisor to retain additional compensation without any "imediate" benefit to the shareholders of the Fund. We believe the situation in the AA Letter, however, is distinguishable because it involved an unafiated advisor and sub-advisor. The reduction in sub-advisory fees and the concomitant increase in advisory fees had very real economic consequences. In contrast, IFG and all of the Sub-Advisors are indirectly owned by the same corporate entity - what is proposed is an internal realocation whose economic consequences are no more substantive, from the perspective of the Funds' shareholders, than those presented by the internal transfer of advisory contracts discussed above. were amended to reduce the management fee for a one-year period prior to shareholder approval where the advisor represented that it would use its best efforts to obtain shareholder approval withithat period); see alsoPMDInvestment Company' (pub. avaiL Apri22, 1991) (where fund is required by state law to hold an anual meeting, Staf refuses to provide no-action relief, finding it "inappropriate" for a fund "to forego seekig the approval of al shareholders" for an amended advisory agreement that would reduce the fund's advisory fee, notwthstanding that the fund's 72% shareholder had indicated his wigness to provide his wrtten consent to the fee

reduction, thus makig the outcome of any subsequent shareholder vote a "foregone conclusion"). 7 See also Washington Mutual Investors Fund, Inc. (May 14, 1993) (Staff agreed to take no￾action position with respect to a permanent amendment to an advisory contract that would reduce fees without seeking shareholder approval). Simiarly (although the situation did not involve a fee reduction), the Staf recently agreed to take a no-action position that permtted, withollt a shareholder vote, the adoption of an advisory contract by a new fund in the context of a de￾spoki transaction where the only change to the contract was the substitution of the new fund as ) part to the contract. Principal Preservation Portfolios, Inc. (pub. avaiL. Januar 11, 1996).

Apn18, 1997

Conclusion. The shareholder vote requirement of Section 15(a) is imposed to protect shareholders from the abuses that may arise due to "trafckig" in advisory contracts, or other

material modifcations that may har investors, such as unwaranted fee increases or a declie in the servces for which they pay fees. In situations where none of these concerns are implicated,

the Staf has shown the flexibilty to protect investors from the expenses and burdens that may be imposed if techncal requirements are enforced to no real purpose. We respectfully submit that the proposed realocation of the Funds' advisory fees between the afated Advisor and Sub￾Advisors is just such a case, and ask that the Staf conf that it wi not recommend enforcement action agaist the Funds, the Advisor or the Sub-Advisors if the fee reallocation is implemented as discussed above. Thank you in advance for your consideration of this request. If you have any questions or would lie any additional inormation or documents, please call the undersigned at (202) 778 9036 or Cliord 1. Alexander at (202) 778-9068.

Sincerely yours,
~ey~ 7 cc: Glen A. Payne, Esq.

..

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.~ /" Cur Sub Fun Nam Sub Advry Fee - Curt SubAdry Prse SubAdvry -Prse Fee Advry Fee Fee SubAdvry as a % of Feeasa%of Advry Fe Advry Fee INCO Indus Income Fun, Inc. ITC .60% 1st $350m. .25 % :5 $200m. 41.67% 0.20% 1st $350m. 33.33% .55 % 2nd $350m. .20% :; $200m. 36.36% 0.1833% 2nd $350m. 33.33 % .50% :; $700m. 40.00% 0.1667% :; $700m. 33.33 % INCO Intena Funds, In. INVESCO Europen Fund INESCO Asset .75% 1st $350m. .45% 1st $350m. 60.00% 0.25% 1st $350m. 33.33% Management, .65% 2nd $350m. .40% 2nd $350m. 61.54% 0.2166% 2nd $350m. 33.33% Ltd. .55 % :; $700m. .35% :; $700m. 63.64% 0.1833% :; $700m. 33.33% ("IAL") INVESCO Pacifc Basin Fund IAML .75% 1st $350m. .45% 1st $350m. 60.00% 0.25% 1st $350m. 33.33% .65% 2nd $350m. .40% 2nd $350m. 61.54% 0.2166% 2nd $350m. 33.33% .55 % :; $700m. .35% :; $700m. 63.64% 0.1833% :; $700m. 33.33 % INESCO International Grwth Fund IAML 1.00% 1st $500m. 0.25% 1st $500m. 25.00% 0.333 % 1st $500m. 33.33 % 0.75% 2nd $500m. 0.1875% 2nd $500m. 25.00% 0.25% 2nd $500m. 33.33% 0.65% :; $1 bilon 0.1625% :; $1 bilon 25.00% 0.2167% :; $1 bilon 33.33% INCO Money Mar Fu, In. INESCO Cash Reserves Fund, INESCO ITC .50% 1st $300m. .15% of total assets 30.00% 0.1667% 1st $300m. 33.33% Tax-Exempt Money Fund, INVESCO U.S. .40% next $200m. 37.50% 0.1333% next $200m. 33.33 % Government Money Fund .30% :; $500m. 50.00% 0.10% :; $500m. 33.33% INCO Mulle As Funds, Inc. INVESCO Balanced Fund ITC .60% 1st $350m. .300% 1st $350m. 50.00% 0.20% 1st $350m. 33.33% .55 % 2nd $350m. .275% 2nd $350m. 50.00% 0.1833% 2nd $350m. 33.33% .50% :; $700m. .25% :; $700m. 50.00% 0.1667% :; $700m. 33.33% INESCO Multi-Asset Alocation IMR .75 % 1st $500m. .375% 1st $500m. 50.00% 0.25% 1st $500m. 33.33% Fund .65% 2nd $500m. .325% 2nd $500m. 50.00% 0.2166% 2nd $500m. 33.33% .50 % :; $1 bilon .250% :; $1 bilon 50.00% 0.1667% :; $1 bilon 33.33% 2

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EXHIBIT B

INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT is made this 28th day of February, 1997. in Denver, Colorado, by and between INVESCO FUNDS GROUP. INC. (the "Adviser"), a Delaware corporation, and INVESCO Diversified Funds. Inc., a Maryland corporation (the "Fund"). WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS. the Fund is a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Maryland; and WHEREAS. the Fund is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act"). as a diversified. open-end management investment company and has one class of shares (the "Shares"), which is divided into additional series. each representing an interest in a separate portolio of investments, with the first such series being designated as the INVESCO Small Company Fund (the "Portolio"); and WHEREAS, the Fund desires that the Adviser manage its investment operations and the Adviser desires to manage said operations; NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of these premises and of the mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1. Investment Management Services. The Adviser hereby agrees to manage the
   investment operations of the Fund and its Portolio, subject to the terms of this Agreement and to the supervision of the Fund's directors (the "Directors"). The Adviser agrees to perform, or arrange for the performance of, the following specific services for the Fund:
   (a) tÇ) manage the investment and reinvestment of all the assets, now or hereafter acquired, of the Fund and the Portolio of the Fund; (b) to màintain a continuous investment program for the Fund and each Portolio of the Fund, consistent with (i) the Fund's and Portolio's investment policies as set forth in the Fund's Aricles of Incorporation, Bylaws, and Registration Statement, as from time to time amended. under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), and in any prospectus and/or statement of additional information of the Fund or any Portolio of the Fund, as from time to time amended and in use under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and (ii) the Fund's status as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;

(c) to determine what securities are to be purchased or sold for the Fund and the Portolio, unless otherwise directed by the Directors of the Fund, and to execute transactions accrdingly; (d) to provide to the Fund and the Portolio of the Fund the benefi of all of the investment analyses and research, the reviews of current economic conditions and trends, and the consideration of long-range investment policy now or hereafter

generally available to investment advisory customers of the Adviser; (e) to determine what portion of the Fund and each Portolio of the Fund should be invested in common stocks, preferred stocks, Government obligations, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers' accptances, variable amount notes, corporate debt obligations, and any other authorized securities; (f) to make recommendations as to the manner in which voting rights, rights to consent to Fund and/or Portolio action and any other rights pertaining to the Fund's portolio securities shall be exercised; and (g) to calculate the net asset value of the Fund and each Portolio, as applicable, as required by the 1940 Act, subject to such procedures as may be established from time to time by the Fund's Directors, based upon the information provided to the Adviser by the Fund or by the custodian, costodian or sub-ustodian of the Fund's or any of the Portolio's assets (the "Custodian") or such other source as designated by the Directors from time to time. With respect to execution of transactions for the Fund and for the Portolio, the Adviser shall place, or arrange for the placement of, all orders for the purchase or sale of portolio securities with brokers or dealers selected' by the Adviser. In connection

with the selection of such brokers or dealers and the placing of such orders, the Adviser is directed at all times to obtain for the Fund and the Portolio the most favorable execuion and price; after fulfillng this primary requirement of obtaining the most favorable execuion and price, the Adviser is hereby expressly authorized to consider as a secondary factor in selecting brokers or dealers with which such orders may be placed whether such firms furnish statistical, research and other information or services to the Adviser. Receipt by the Adviser of any such statistical or other information and services should not be deemed to give rise to any requirement for adjustment of the advisory fee'payable pursuant to paragraph 4 hereof. The Adviser may follow a policy of considering sales of shares of the Fund as a factor in the selection of broker/dealers to execute portolio transactions, subject to the requirements of best execution discussed above. The Adviser shall for all purposes herein provided be deemed to be an independent contractor. 2

2. Allocation of Costs and Expenses. The Adviser shall reimburse the Fund monthly for
   any salaries paid by the Fund to offcers, Directors, and full-time employees of the Fund who also are offcers, general partners or employees of the Adviser or its affliates. Except for such sub-accunting, recordkeeping, and administrative services which are to be provided by the Adviser to the Fund under the Administrative Services Agreement between the Fund and the Adviser dated April 30, 1993, which was approved on April 21, 1993, by the Fund's board of directors, including all of the independent directors, at the Fund's request the Adviser shall also furnish to the Fund, at the expense of the Adviser, such competent executive, statistical, administrative, internal accunting and clerical services as may be required in the judgment of the Directors of the Fund,. These services wil include, among other things, the maintenance (but not preparation) of the Fund's accunts and records, and the preparation (apart from legal and accunting costs) of all requisite corporate documents such as tax returns and reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission and Fund shareholders. The Adviser also wil furnish, at the Adviser's expense, such offce space, equipment and facilties as may be reasonably requested by the Fund from time to time. Except to the extent expressly assumed by the Adviser herein and except to the extent required by law to be paid by the Adviser, the Fund shall pay all costs and expenses in connection with the operations and organization of the Fund. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, such costs and expenses payable by the Fund include the following:
   (a) all brokers' commissions, issue and transfer taxes, and other costs chargeable to the Fund and any Portolio in connection with securities transactions to which the Fund or any Portolio is a party or in connection with securities owned by the Fund or any Portolio; (b) the fees, charges and expenses of any independent public accuntants, custodian, depository, dividend disbursing agent, dividend reinvestment agent,

transfer agent, registrar, independent pricing services and legal counsel for the Fund or for any Portolio; (c) the interest on indebtedness, if any, incurred by the Fund or any Portolio; (d) the :taxes,' including franchise, income, issue, transfer, business license, and other corporate fees payable by the Fund or any Portolio to federal, state, county, city, or other governmental agents; (e) the fees and expenses involved in maintaining the registration and qualifcation of the Fund and of its shares under laws administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission or under other applicable regulatory requirements, including the preparation and printing of prospectuses and statements of additional information; 3

(f) the compensation and expenses of its Directors; (g) the costs of printing and distributing reports, notices of shareholders'

meetings, proxy statements, dividend notices, prospectuses, statements of additional information and other communications to the Fund's shareholders, as well as all expnses of shareholders' meetings and Directors' meetings; (h) all costs, fees or other expenses arising in connection with the organization and filing of the Fund's Aricles of Incorporation, including its initial registration and qualification under the 1940 Act and under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the initial determination of its tax status and any rulings obtained for this purpose, the initial registration and qualification of its securities under the laws of any state and the approval of the Fund's operations by any other federal or state authority; (i) the expenses of repurchasing and redeeming shares of the Fund; u) insurance premiums; (k) the costs of designing, printing, and issuing certificates representing shares of beneficial interest of the Fund; (I) extraordinary expenses, including fees and disbursements of Fund counsel, in connection with litigation by or against the Fund or any Portolio; (m) premiums for the fidelity bond maintained by the Fund pursuant to Section 17(g) of the .1940 Act and rules promulgated thereunder (except for such premiums as may be allocated to the Adviser as an insured thereunder); and (n) association and institute dues.
3. Use of Affliated Companies. In connection with the rendering of the services
required to be provided by the Adviser under this Agreement, the Adviser may, to the extent it deems appropriate and subject to compliance with the requirements of applicable laws and regulations, and upon receipt of written approval of the Fund, make use of its affliated companies and their employees; provided that the Adviser shall supervise and remain fully responsible for all such services in accrdance with and to the extent provided by this Agreement and that all costs and expenses associated with the providing of services by any such companies or employees and required by this Agreement to be borne by the Adviser shall be borne by the Adviser or its affliated companies.
4. Compensation of the Adviser. For the services to be rendered and the charges
and expenses to be assumed by the Adviser hereunder, the Fund shall pay to the Adviser an advisory fee which wil be computed on a daily basis and paid as of the last 4

day of each month, using for each daily calculation the most recently determined net asset value of the Portolio of the Fund, as determined by valuations made in

accrdance with the Fund's procedure for calculating the Portolio's net asset value as described in the Fund's Prospectus and/or Statement of Additional Information. On an annual basis the advisory fee applicable to the Portolio shall be computed at the annual rate of 0.75% of the Portolio's average net assets. . During any period when the determination of the Portolio's net asset value is suspended by the Directors of the Fund, the net asset value of a share of the Portolio as of the last business day prior to such suspension shall, for the purpose of this paragraph 4, be deemed to be the net asset value at the close of each succeding business day unti it is again determined. However, no such fee shall be paid to the Adviser with respect to any assets of the Fund or any Portolio thereof which may be invested in any other investment company for which the Adviser serves as investment adviser. The fee provided for hereunder shall be prorated in any month in which this Agreement is not in effect for the entire month. If, in any given year, the sum of the Portolio's expenses exceeds the most restrictive state imposed annual expense limitation, the Adviser wil be required to reimburse the Portolio for such excess expenses promptly. Interest, taxes and extraordinary items such as litigation costs are not deemed expenses for purposes of this paragraph and shall be borne by the Fund or Portolio in any event. Expenditures, including costs

incurred in connection with the purchase or sale of portolio securities, which are capitalized in accrdance with generally accpted accunting principles applicable to investment companies, are accunted for as capital items and shall not be deemed to be expenses for purposes of this paragraph.
5. Avoidance of Inconsistent Positions and Compliance with Laws. In connection with
purchases or sales of securities for the investment portolio of the Fund or any Portolio, neither the Adviser nor its offcers or employees wil act as a principal or agent for any party other than the Fund or Portolio or receive any commissions. The Adviser wil comply with all applicable laws in acting hereunder including, without

limitation, the 1940 Act; the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended; and all rules and regulations duly promulgated under the foregoing.
6. Duration and Termination. This Agreement shall become effective as of the date it
is 'approved by a"majorityof.the :outstanding voting securities of the Portolio of the Fund, and unless sooner terminated as hereinafter provided, shall remain in force for an initial term ending two years from the date of execution, and from year to year

thereafter, but only as long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (i) by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portolio of the Fund or by the Directors of the Fund, and (ii) by a majority of the Directors of the .. Fund who are not interested persons of the Adviser or the Fund by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approvaL. 5

This Agreement may, on 60 days' prior written notice, be terminated without the payment of any penalty, by the Directors of the Fund, or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund or Portolio, as the case may be, or by the Adviser. This Agreement shall immediately terminate in the event of its assignment, unless an order is issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission conditionally or unconditionally exempting such assignment from the provisions of Section 15(a) of the 1940 Act, in which event this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect subject to the terms and provisions of said order. In interpreting the provisions of this paragraph 6, the definitions contained in Section 2(a) of the 1940 Act and the applicable rules under the 1940 Act (particularly the definitions of "interested person," "assignment" and "vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities") shall be applied. The Adviser agrees to furnish to the Directors of the Fund such information on an annual basis as may reasonably be necessary to evaluate the terms of this Agreement. Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the right of the Adviser to receive payments on any unpaid balance of the compensation described in paragraph 4 earned prior to such termination.
7. Non-Exclusive Services. The Adviser shall, during the term of this Agreement, be
entitled to render investment advisory services to others, including, without limitation, other investment companies with similar objectives to those of the Fund or any Portolio of the Fund. The Adviser may, when it deems such to be advisable, aggregate orders for its other customers together with any securities of the same type to be sold or purchased for the Fund or any Portolio in order to obtain best execution and lower brokerage commissions. In such event, the Adviser shall allocate the shares so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, in the manner it considers to be most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the Fund or any Portolio and the Advisets other customers.
8. Uability. The Adviser shall have no liabilty to the Fund or any Portolio or to the
Fund's shareholders or creditors, for any error of judgment, mistake of law, or for any loss arising out of any investment, nor for any other act or omission, in the performance of its obligations to the Fund or any Portolio not involving willful misfeasance, bad

faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties hereunder.
9. Miscellaneous Provisions.
Notice. Any notice under this Agreement shall be in writing, addressed and delivered or mailed, postage prepaid, to the other party at such address as such other party may designate for the receipt of such notice. .. Amendments Hereof. No provision of this Agreement may be changed, waived, discharged or terminated orally, but only by an instrument in writing signed by the Fund and the Adviser, and no material amendment of this Agreement shall be effective 6

unless approved by (1) the vote of a majority of the Directors of the Fund, including a majority of the Directors who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such amendment, and (2) tne vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portolio; provided, however, that this paragraph shall not prevent any immaterial

amendment( s) to this Agreement,' which amendment( s) may be made without shareholder approval, if such amendment(s) are made with the approval of (1) the Directors and (2) a majority of the Directors of the Fund who are not interested persons of the Adviser or the Fund. Severability. Each provision of this Agreement is intended to be severable. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held ilegal or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, such ilegality or invalidity shall not affect the validity or enforceabilty of the remainder of this Agreement. Headings. The headings in this Agreement are inserted for convenience and identification only and are in no way intended to describe, interpret, define or limit the size, extent or intent of this Agreement or any provision hereof. Applicable Law. This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Colorado and the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act. To the extent that the applicable laws of the State of Colorado, or any of the provisions herein, conflict with applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. 7

. '
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Adviser and the Fund each has caused this Agreement to be duly executed on its behalf by an offcer thereunto duly authorized, the day and year first above written. INVESCO DIVERSIFIED FUNDS, INC. By:
President
ATTEST:
Secretary
INVESCO FUNDS GROUP, INC.
By:
Senior Vice President
ATTEST:
Secretary div~nva.do
8

-'
SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT
AGREEMENT made this 28th day of February, 1997, by and between INVESCO Funds Group, Inc. ("INVESCO"), a Delaware corporation, and INVESCO

MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH, INC., a Massachusetts corporation ("the Sub-Adviset'). WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, INVESCO DIVERSIFIED FUNDS, INC. (the "Company") is engaged in business as a diversified, open-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (hereinafter referred to as the "Investment Company Act") and has one class of shares (the "Shares"), which may be divided into additional series, each representing an interest in a separate portolio of investments, With the first such series being designated the INVESCO Small Company Fund (the "Fund"); and WHEREAS, INVESCO and the Sub-Adviser are engaged in rendering investment advisory services and are registered as investment advisers under the Investment

Advisers Act of 1940; and
WHEREAS, INVESCO has entered into an Investment Advisory Agreement with the Company (the "INVESCO Investment Advisory Agreement"), pursuant to which INVESCO is required to provide investment advisory services to the Company, and, upon receipt of written approval of the Company. is authorized to retain companies which are affliated with INVESCO to provide such services; and WHEREAS, the Sub-Adviser is willng to provide investment advisory services to the Company on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth; NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the covenants hereinafter contained, INVESCO and the Sub-Adviser hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
DUTIES OF THE SUB-ADVIER
INVESCO hereby .employs the Sub-Adviser to act as investment adviser to the Company and to furnish the investment advisory services described below, subject to the broad supervision of INVESCO and Board of Directors of the Company, for the period and on the terms and conditions set fort in this Agreement. The Sub-Adviser hereby accpts such assignment and agrees -during such period, at its own expnse, to . render such services and to assume the obligations herein set forth for the ~ compensation provided for herein. The Sub-Adviser shall for all purposes herein be deemed to be an independent contractor and, unless otherwise expressly provided or

l-.' authorized herein, shall have no authority to act for or represent the Company in any way or otherwise be deemed an agent of the Company. The Sub-Adviser hereby agrees to manage the investment operations of the Fund, subject to the supervision of the Company's directors (the "Directors") and INVESCO. Specifically, the Sub-Adviser agrees to perform the following services:' (a) to manage the investment and reinvestment of all the assets, now or hereafter acquired, of the Fund, and to execute all purchases and sales of portolio securities; (b) to maintain a continuous investment program for the Fund, consistent with (i) the Fund's investment policies as set forth in the Company's Aricles of

Incorporation, Bylaws, and Registration Statement, as from time to time amended, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), and in any prospectus and/or statement of additional information of the Fund, as from time to time amended and in use under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and (ii) the Company's status as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended; . . (c) to determine what securities are to be purchased or sold for the Fund, unless otherwise directed by the Directors of the Company or INVESCO, and to execute transactions accrdingly; (d) to provide to the Fund the benefi of all of the investment analysis and

research, the reviews of current ecOnomic conditions and trends, and the

consideration of long-range investment policy now or hereafter generally available to investment advisory customers of the Sub-Adviser; (e) to determine what portion of the Fund should be invested iíi the various types of securities authorized for purchase by the Fund; and (f) to make recommendations as to the manner in which voting rights, rights to consent to Fund action and any other rights pertaining to the Fund's portolio . 'securities shall be' exercised; ,.:, With respect to execution of transactions for the Fund, the Sub-Adviser is authorized .toemploy.such brokers or .dealers as. may, in the Sub-Adviser's best judgment, implement the policy of the Fund to obtain prompt and reliable execution at the most favorable price obtainable. In assigning an.execution or negotiating the commission to be paid therefor, the Sub-Adviser is authorized to consider the full range and quality of a broker's services which benefi the Fund, including but not limited to research and analytical capabilties, reliabilty of performance, and. financial soundness and responsibilty. Resøarch services prepared and furnished by brokers through which the Sub-Adviser effects securities transactions on behalf of the Fund may be used by the Sub-Adviser in servicing all of its accunts, and not all such services may be used by 2

the Sub-Adviser in connection with the Fund. In the selection of a broker or dealer for execution of any negotiated transaction, the Sub-Adviser shall have no duty or obligation to seek advance competitive bidding for the most favorable negotiated commission rate for such transaction, or to select any broker solely on the basis of its purported or "posted" commission rate for such transaction, provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser shall consider such "posted" commission rates, if any, together with any other information available at the time as to the level of commissions known to be charged on comparable transactions by other qualifed brokerage firms, as well as all other relevant factors and circumstances, including the size of any contemporaneous market in such securities, the importance to the Fund of speed, effciency, and confidentiality of execution, the execution capabilties required by the circumstances of the particular transactions, and the apparent knowledge or familiarity with sources from or to whom such securities may be purchased or sold. Where .the commission rate reflects services, reliabilty and other relevant factors in addition to the cost of execution, the Sub-Adviser shall have the burden of demonstrating that such expenditures were bona fide and for the benefit of the Fund.
ARTICLE II
ALLOCATION OF CHARGES AND EXPENSES
The Sub-Adviser assumes and shall pay for maintaining the staff and personnel necessary to perform its obligations under this Agreement, and shall, at its own expense, provide the offce space, equipment and facilities necessary to perform its obligations under this Agreement. Except to the extent expressly assumed by the Sub￾Adviser herein and except to the extent required by law to be paid by the Sub-Adviser, INVESCO and/or the Company shall pay all costs and expenses in connection with the operations of the Fund.
ARTICLE II
COMPENSAnON OF THE SUB-ADVISER
For the services rendered, facilties furnished, and expenses assumed by the Sub￾Adviser, INVESCO shall pay. to the Sub-Adviser a fee, computed daily and paid as of the last day of each month, using for each daily calculation the most recently . determined net asset value of the Fund, as determined by a valuation made in accrdance with the Fund's procedures for calculating its net asset value as described in the Fund's Prospectus and/or Statement of Additional Information. The advisory fee to the Sub-Adviser shall be computed at the annual rate of 0.375% of the Fund's average net assets. During any period when the determination of the Fund's net asset value is suspended by the Directors of the Fund, the net asset value of a share of the . Fund as of the last business day prior to such suspension shall, for the purpose of this Aricle II, be deemed to be the net asset value at the close of each succeding business day until it is again determined. However, no such fee shall be paid to the 3

Sub-Adviser with respect to any assets of the Fund which may be invested in any other investment company for which the Sub-Adviser serves as investment adviser or sub￾adviser. The fee provided for hereunder shall be prorated in any month in which this Agreement is not in effect for the entire month. The Sub-Adviser shall be entitled to receive fees hereunder only for such periods as the INVESCO Investment Advisory Agreement remains in effect.
ARTICLE IV
ACTMTIES OF THE SUB-ADVISER
The services of the Sub-Adviser to the Fund are not to be deemed to be exclusive, the Sub-Adviser and any person controlled by or under common control with the Sub￾Adviser (for purposes of this Aricle IV referred to as "affliates.) being free to render services to others. It is understood that directors, offcers, employees and shareholders of the Fund are or may become interested in the Sub-Adviser and its affliates, as directors, offcers, employees and shareholders or otherwise and that directors, offcers, employees and shareholders of the Sub-Adviser, INVESCO and their affliates . are or"may become interested in the Fund as directors, offcers and employees.
ARTICLE V
AVOIDANCE OF INCONSISTENT PosmONS AND
COMPUANCE WIH ApPUCABLE LAws

In connection with purchases or sales of securities for the investment portolio of the Fund, neither the .Sub-Adviser nor any of its directors, offcers or employees wil act as a principal or agent for any party other than the Fund or receive any commissions. The Sub-Adviser wil comply with all applicable laws in acting hereunder including, without .Iimitation, the 1940 Act; the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended; and all rules and regulations duly promulgated under the foregoing.
ARTICLE VI
DURATION AND TERMINATION OF THIS AGREEMENT
This Agreement shall become effective as of the date it is approved by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, and shall remain in force for an initial term of two years from the date of execuion, and from year to year thereafter until its . termination in accrdance with this Aricle Vi, but only so long as such continuance is specifcally approved at least annually by (i) the Directors of the Fund, or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, and (ii) a majority of those Directors who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party cast in person at a meeting called for th.e purpose of voting on such approvaL. 4

This Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by INVESCO, the Fund by vote of the Directors of the Company, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, or by the Sub-Adviser. A termination by.INVESCO or the Sub-Adviser shall require sixty days' written notice to the other party and to the Company, and a termination by the Company shall require such notice to each of the parties. This Agreement shall automatically terminate in the event of its assignment to the extent required by the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Rules thereunder. The Sub-Adviser agrees to furnish to the Directors of the Company such information on an annual basis as may reasonably be necessary to evaluate the terms of this Agreement. Termination of this Agreement shall not affect the right of the Sub-Adviser to receive payments on any unpaid balance of the compensation described in Aricle II hereof earned prior to such termination.
ARTICLE VII
AMENDMENTS OF THIS AGREEMENT
No provision of this Agreement may be orally changed or discharged, but may only be modified by an instrument in writing signed by the Sub-Adviser and INVESCO. In addition, no amendment to this Agreement shall be effective unless approved by (1) the vote of a majority of the Directors of the Company, including a majority of the Directors who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party cast in person at a .meeting called for .the purpose of voting on such amendment and (2) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (other than an amendment which can be effective without shareholder approval under applicable law).
ARTICLE VII
DEFINmONS OF CERTAIN TERMS
In interpreting the provisions of this Agreement, the terms "vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities," "assignments," "affliated person" and "interested person, "when used in this Agreement, shall have the respective meanings specified in the Investment Company Act . and the Rules and Regulations thereunder, subject, however, to such exemptions as may be granted by the Securities and Exchange Commission under said Act. 5

ARTICLE IX
GOVERNING LAw
This Agreement shall be construed in accrdance with the laws of the State of Colorado and the applicable provisions of the Investment Company Act. To the extent that the applicable laws of the State of Colorado, or any of the provisions herein,

conflict with the applicable provisions of the Investment Company Act, the latter shall control.
ARTICLE X
MISCELLANEOUS
.Notice. Any notice under this Agreement shall be in writing, addressed and delivered or mailed, postage prepaid, to the other party at such address as such other party may designate for the receipt of such notice. Severability. Each provision of this Agreement is intended to be severable. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held ilegal or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, such ilegality or invalidity shall not affect the validity or enforceabilty of the remainder of this Agreement. Headings. The headings in this Agreement are inserted for convenience and identification only and are in no way intended to describe, interpret, define or limit the size, extent or intent of this Agreement or any provision hereof. ~ 6