Individual decision · SEC · 27 Feb 2013
The SEC Staff will not recommend enforcement action under Section 15(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 if Emerging Global Advisors, LLC (EGA) and EGA Emerging Global Shares Trust amend their investment advisory agreement without shareholder approval. The Staff considers the removal of references to the terminated subadviser, ALPS Advisors Inc., as non-material, and determines that adopting a unified fee structure—where EGA assumes ordinary operating expenses without increasing advisory fees or reducing services—is advantageous to shareholders. Consequently, shareholder approval is not required for these specific amendments, provided the Board of Trustees approves them and the Trust updates its prospectus.
Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP STRADLEY Suite 2600 2005 Market Street ~RONON Philadelphia, PA 19103-7018 Telephone 215.564.8000 ~~ATTORNEYS AT LAW Fax 215.564.8120 www.stradley.com Associate Director and Chief Counsel Division of Investment Management United States Securities and Exchange Commission 1 00 F Street, NE Washington, DC 20549-2736 Re: Emerging Global Advisors, LLC Dear Mr. Scheidt:
We are writing on behalf of Emerging Global Advisors, LLC ("EGA"), a registered investment adviser, and EGA Emerging Global Shares Trust (the "Trust"), a registered investment company, to request that the Staff of the Division oflnvestment Management (the "Staff') not recommend enforcement action to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") under Section 15(a) ofthe Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act") against EGA or the Trust if, under the circumstances described below, EGA provides services and receives compensation under an amended investment advisory agreement between EGA and the Trust and establishes a unified fee (the "Unified Fee") without obtaining shareholder approval. 1 BACKGROUND The Trust The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust registered as an open-end, management
investment company under the 1940 Act. The Trust was formed in 2008. The Trust currently
has 22 operating series, each of which operates as a separate investment portfolio that is an
exchange-traded fund ("ETF").
The Trust has two investment advisers that are not affiliated with each other:
ALPS Advisors Inc. ("ALPS") and EGA, each of which provides investment advisory services to the Trust pursuant to a separate investment advisory agreement with the Trust. With respect to 21 ofthe 22 operating series (the "Funds"), ALPS is identified as each Fund's investment adviser This letter restates and updates information that we provided to the Staff in a series of communications with David W. Grim of the Staff beginning on October 5, 2012.
in Fund registration statements and product descriptions, and EGA is identified as each Fund's subadviser in Fund registration statements and product descriptions. 2 EGA EGA is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the "Advisers Act"). EGA serves as an investment adviser to the Funds pursuant to an investment advisory agreement, entitled "Sub-Advisory Agreement," between EGA and the Trust on behalf of each of the Funds (the "EGA Agreement"). The EGA Agreement was approved in accordance with Section 15(a) ofthe 1940 Act. Under the EGA Agreement, EGA is responsible for the investment program ofthe Funds, including deciding what securities to purchase and sell, and the provision of reports to the board of trustees of the Trust (the "Board") and to ALPS. As compensation for EGA's services, the Trust pays EGA a management fee based on each Fund's average daily net assets. ALPS ALPS, a Colorado corporation, serves as the Funds' investment adviser pursuant to an investment advisory agreement, entitled "Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement," between ALPS and the Trust on behalf of each ofthe Funds (the "ALPS Agreement"). The ALPS Agreement was approved in accordance with Section 15(a) ofthe 1940 Act, most recently by shareholders of the Funds as part of a proxy solicitation culminating in shareholder meetings held in 2011 and 2012 (the "ALPS Solicitation"). Under the ALPS Agreement, ALPS is charged with responsibility for the investment program of the Funds. As investment adviser, ALPS oversees EGA's day-to-day portfolio management of the Funds and provides reports to the Board. Proposed Amendments to the EGA Agreement The Board is considering retaining EGA as the sole investment adviser for the Funds. When the Trust filed its initial registration statement in 2008, ALPS had received an order (the "ALPS Order")3 from the SEC allowing funds for which it serves as investment adviser to operate as ETFs. At that time, EGA did not have such an order, but EGA has recently received a similar order (the "EGA Order"). 4 As a result, the Funds could now operate as ETFs under the EGA Order if EGA serves as the sole investment adviser. 2 EGA is the sole investment adviser to EGShares Emerging Markets Core ETF, an operating series of the Trust, pursuant to a separate investment advisory agreement between EGA and the Trust, which is not part of this request for no-action relief. ALPS Advisers, Inc., ALPS ETF Trust and ALPS Distributors, Inc., Investment Company Act Release Nos. 28235 (April 9, 2008) (notice) and 28262 (May 1, 2008) (order). Notice available at http://www.sec.gov/rules/ic/2008/ic-28235.pdf; Order available at http://www. sec.gov/rules/ic/2008/ic-28262. pdf. 4 Emerging Global Advisors, LLC and EGA Emerging Global Shares Trust, Investment Company Act Release Nos. 30184 (August 28, 2012) (notice) and 30212 (September 25, 2012) (order). Notice available at
A shareholder vote is not required to terminate the ALPS Agreement. By its terms, the EGA Agreement would not terminate even if the ALPS agreement were terminated. As the sole investment adviser, EGA would not be called upon to provide any additional services not already covered by the EGA Agreement. Accordingly, a shareholder vote would not be necessary for EGA to continue to provide advisory services to the Funds pursuant to the EGA Agreement. In the event that the Board and ALPS agree to terminate the ALPS Agreement, EGA and the Trust would like to make certain changes to the EGA Agreement without obtaining shareholder approval. While EGA could continue to provide investment advisory services to the Funds pursuant to the EGA Agreement in its current form, EGA and the Trust would like to amend the EGA agreement in order to reflect that ALPS would no longer be serving as investment adviser and to conform the EGA Agreement to the investment advisory agreement that EGA uses for series of the Trust for which EGA already serves as the sole investment adviser. The proposed amendments would not change the services provided by EGA or the compensation paid to EGA under the EGA Agreement, although the aggregate management fees payable by the Funds (as reflected under "Annual Fund Operating Expenses- Management Fees" in the Funds' prospectus fee table) would decrease if ALPS were no longer an investment adviser. 5 In addition, EGA proposes to amend the EGA Agreement to introduce a "unified fee," whereby EGA would pay from its advisory fee all of the Fund's ordinary operating expenses (except for EGA's advisory fee, taxes, interest, Rule 12b-l fees, 6 brokerage expenses, litigation expenses, and extraordinary or other non-routine expenses, all of which would continue to be borne by the Funds) (the "Unified Fee"). Although EGA proposes to assume these expenses under the Unified Fee, EGA does not propose to increase the advisory fees currently charged under the EGA Agreement or to otherwise change or reduce any of the services currently provided by EGA. 7 The total advisory fees paid to EGA under the amended EGA Agreement and the Unified Fee would not exceed the advisory fees payable under the current EGA Agreement. http://www.sec.gov/rules/ic/20 12/ic-30 184.pdf; Order available at
http:/ /www.sec.gov/rules/ic/20 12/ic-30212.pdf.
See Form N-lA, Item 3 at http://www.sec.gov/about/forms/formn-la.pdf. Because of EGA's current voluntary expense waiver and reimbursement agreement, net expenses for the Funds may be the same even after ALPS ceases to serve as investment adviser, as well as after the proposed adoption of a unified fee, as discussed below. The Funds have established Rule 12b-1 plans but have no current intention of implementing them and will not do so without obtaining further Board approval. Seen. 5, supra. The Funds' net expenses under the Unified Fee are also not expected to increase as compared to current net expenses after expense waivers and reimbursements because EGA has typically capped ordinary operating expenses at the same rate as its advisory fee.
6
The proposed changes to the EGA agreement are as follows:
ANALYSIS
Section 15(a) ofthe 1940 Act generally provides that no person may serve as an
investment adviser to a registered investment company except pursuant to a written contract that, among other things, has been approved by the vote of a majority of the company's outstanding voting securities. Because ofthis provision, shareholder approval is generally sought before amending an advisory agreement. Removing References to ALPS from the EGA Agreement In our view, shareholder approval is not required to remove references to ALPS from the EGA Agreement because these changes are non-material. See American Odyssey Funds, Inc. (pub. avail. Oct. 7, 1996) ("American Odyssey") (Staff granted no-action relief for amendments to an advisory contract without a shareholder vote where a fund lowered contractual fee rates and removed references to a terminated subadviser). 9 As with the subadvisory agreement in American Odyssey, the current EGA Agreement could continue in effect as-is without shareholder approval because the provisions that refer to ALPS would simply have no effect once ALPS is no longer serving as an investment adviser to the Funds. 1 ° For example, in either case EGA would no longer be required to provide reports requested by ALPS when ALPS is no longer an investment adviser. Significantly, the removal of references to ALPS from the EGA Agreement does not alter any ofEGA's affirmative obligations under the EGA Agreement with respect to the Funds or the Board, and therefore will not reduce the nature and quality of services provided to the Funds by EGA. In our view, this confirms that the proposed amendments are non-material, and thus shareholder approval is not required. As in American Odyssey, shareholder approval of the proposed amendment to the EGA Agreement would serve no useful purpose. If shareholders voted "yes," the EGA Agreement would be formally amended. If they voted "no," the EGA Agreement would remain as-is, because the provisions that reference ALPS would simply have no effect. In short, there is no real decision for shareholders to make, and thus a vote would serve no purpose. Adding the Unified Fee to the EGA Agreement We believe that the adoption of the Unified Fee would be advantageous to the Funds' shareholders because EGA will take on the obligation to pay the Funds' ordinary operating expenses without any increase in EGA's advisory fee. The Funds are currently obligated to pay these expenses, although EGA has consistently entered into annual voluntary expense waiver and reimbursement agreements with the Trust that typically cap a Fund's ordinary operating expenses at the same rate as EGA's advisory fee. Under the Unified Fee, EGA's obligation to bear these expenses would become part of the EGA Agreement, and would therefore no longer be subject to EGA's voluntary renewal of the expense waiver and 9 Available at http://sec.gov/divisions/investment/noaction/1996/americanodyseeyfunds 1 00796.pdf. 10 Because ALPS is not a party to the EGA Agreement, these provisions are not contractually binding on ALPS.
reimbursement agreements. This would likely decrease the aggregate "Other Expenses" and "Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses" payable by the Funds, as reflected under "Annual Fund Operating Expenses" in the Funds' prospectus fee table. 11 We believe that there is substantial precedent that would allow EGA to adopt the Unified Fee without obtaining shareholder approval of an amendment to the EGA Agreement, particularly where, as here, there is no increase in EGA's advisory fees and no diminution in the services that EGA provides to the Funds. See, e.g., Advisory Contracts- Combined Investment Advisory and Service Fees (pub. avail. Oct. 5, 2012) ("Advisory Contracts !of') (combination of a fund's separate administration and advisory agreements into a single "management agreement" without obtaining shareholder approval of the single agreement under Section 15( a) of the 1940 Act, where the proposed changes would not reduce or modify in any way the nature or level of the advisory or administration services provided to the fund, is consistent with previous Staff no-action positions). 12 The adoption of the Unified Fee is more advantageous to the Funds' shareholders than the facts in the Advisory Contracts !of, which called for the aggregation of the advisory and administration fees, because EGA proposes to assume all of the Funds' ordinary operating expenses (not just administrative fees) without any increase in the fees charged under the current EGA Agreement. See also Gartmore Mutual Funds (pub. avail. March 19, 2004) (Staff granted no-action relief for a fund to transition to a "fulcrum fee" without shareholder approval, where the maximum fee was equal to the previously approved advisory fee levels, provided that this would not decrease or modify the nature or level of services provided to the fund). 13 We also believe that a majority of the Funds' shareholders would always vote for EGA to assume the obligation to pay the Funds' ordinary operating expenses in order to eliminate the possibility that the Funds' net expenses might increase in the future. Accordingly, no purpose would be served by holding a vote for the adoption of the Unified Fee. Cf Washington Mutual Investors Fund, Inc. (pub. avail. May 14, 1993) (Staff indicated that a shareholder vote is not required before an adviser lowers its advisory fees, provided that the adviser does not reduce the quality or quantity of its services, and that its obligations remain the same in all respects); 14 accord, Limited Term Municipal Fund, Inc. (pub. avail. Nov. 17, 1992). Holding a shareholder meeting would also likely involve significant expense and disruption to the Funds' shareholders, based on the Funds' recent experience in connection with the ALPS Solicitation. * II See nn. 5 and 7, supra. Again, a Fund's net expenses under the Unified Fee may be the same as a Fund's current net expenses after expense waivers and reimbursements because EGA has typically capped ordinary operating expenses
at the same rate as its advisory fee. 12 Available at http:/ /sec. gov Idivisions/in vestment/issues-of-interest. shtml#advisorycontracts-ica. 13 Available at http://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/noaction/gartmore03192004.htm. 14 Available at http://sec.gov/divisions/investment/noaction/1993/washingtonmutual051493 .pdf.
The proposed amendments to the EGA Agreement will be considered by the Trust's Board. The amendments will be made only if approved by a majority of the Board's trustees, including a majority of the trustees who are not interested persons of EGA. The Trust will supplement or revise its prospectus promptly after the Board approves the amendments and the revised EGA Agreement becomes effective, which is expected to coincide with the termination of the ALPS Agreement, and will promptly notify the Trust's shareholders of the amendments by delivery of the revised prospectus or supplement. For the reasons set forth above, we respectfully request that the Staff confirm that it will not recommend enforcement action to the SEC under Section 15( a) ofthe 1940 Act against EGA or the Trust if, under the circumstances described above, EGA provides services and receives compensation under an amended investment advisory agreement between EGA and the Trust and establishes the Unified Fee without obtaining shareholder approval. Should you require additional factual information or further analysis, please contact me at (215) 564-8011. If the staff is unable to confirm that it will not seek enforcement action based on this letter, I would appreciate it if you would contact me to discuss possible revisions or additional submissions. Thank you for your consideration ofthis matter. Very truly yours,
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