Rule · SEC · 1 Aug 2007 · E7-14793
The Securities and Exchange Commission adopts amendments to proxy rules requiring issuers and other soliciting persons to post proxy materials on a specified publicly accessible Internet website and provide shareholders with a notice of availability. Issuers may choose between a notice-only option, which requires responding to shareholder requests for free paper or email copies, or a full set delivery option, which allows delivering physical materials with the notice but exempts the issuer from fulfilling copy requests. Large accelerated filers must comply with these requirements for proxy solicitations commencing on or after January 1, 2008, while all other issuers and soliciting persons must comply by January 1, 2009.
1 17 CFR 240.14a–3.
2 17 CFR 240.14a–7.
3 17 CFR 240.14a–16.
4 17 CFR 240.14a–101.
5 17 CFR 240.14b–1.
6 17 CFR 240.14b–2.
7 17 CFR 240.14c–2.
8 17 CFR 240.14c–3.
9 15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.
10See Release No. 34–55147 (Jan. 22, 2007) [72 FR 4176]. 11For purposes of this release, the term ‘‘proxy materials’’ includes proxy statements on Schedule 14A [17 CFR 240.14a–101], proxy cards, information statements on Schedule 14C [17 CFR 240.14c–101], annual reports to security holders required by Rules 14a–3 [17 CFR 240.14a–3] and 14c–3 [17 CFR 240.14c–3] of the Exchange Act, notices of shareholder meetings, additional soliciting materials, and any amendments to such materials. For purposes of this release, the term does not include materials filed under Rule 14a–12 [17 CFR 240.14a–12]. 12Release No. 34–55146 (Jan. 22, 2007) [72 FR 4148]. 13See letters from AARP, American Business Conference (ABC), Automatic Data Processing Brokerage Services Group, now known as Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. (ADP), Bank of SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 17 CFR Part 240 [Release Nos. 34–56135; IC–27911; File No. S7–03–07] RIN 3235–AJ79 Shareholder Choice Regarding Proxy Materials AGENCY: Securities and Exchange Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We are adopting amendments to the proxy rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to provide shareholders with the ability to choose the means by which they access proxy materials. Under the amendments, issuers and other soliciting persons will be required to post their proxy materials on an Internet Web site and provide shareholders with a notice of the Internet availability of the materials. The issuer or other soliciting person may choose to furnish paper copies of the proxy materials along with the notice. If the issuer or other soliciting person chooses not to furnish a paper copy of the proxy materials along with the notice, a shareholder may request delivery of a copy at no charge to the shareholder. DATES: Effective Date: January 1, 2008, except § 240.14a–16(d)(3) and § 240.14a–16(j)(3) are effective October 1, 2007. Compliance Dates: ‘‘Large accelerated filers,’’ as that term is defined in Rule 12b–2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, not including registered investment companies, must comply with the amendments regarding proxy solicitations commencing on or after January 1, 2008. Registered investment companies, persons other than issuers, and issuers that are not large accelerated filers conducting proxy solicitations (1) may comply with the amendments regarding proxy solicitations commencing on or after January 1, 2008 and (2) must comply with the amendments regarding proxy solicitations commencing on or after January 1, 2009. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Raymond A. Be, Special Counsel, Office of Rulemaking, Division of Corporation Finance, at (202) 551–3430, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC 20549– 3628. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Commission is adopting amendments to Rules 14a–3,1 14a–7,2 14a–16,3 14a– 101,4 14b–1,5 14b–2,6 14c–2,7 and 14c– 3 8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.9
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Description of the Amendments
A. Notice and Access Model for Issuers:
Two Options for Making Proxy Materials Available to Shareholders
1. The Notice Only Option: Sending a
Notice Without a Full Set of Proxy Materials a. Contents of the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials b. Design of the specified publiclyaccessible Web site
c. Means to vote
d. Request for paper or e-mail copies e. Delivery of a proxy card f. Web site confidentiality
2. The Full Set Delivery Option: Sending
a Notice with a Full Set of Proxy Materials a. Contents of the Notice or incorporation of Notice information b. Design of the specified publiclyaccessible Web site
c. Means to vote
d. Repeat Delivery of a Proxy Card e. Web site confidentiality
3. Differences Between the Full Set
Delivery Option and the Notice Only Option a. Inclusion of a Full Set of Proxy Materials b. Request for Copies of the Proxy Materials
c. 40-Day Deadline
B. Implications of the Notice and Access Model for Intermediaries
C. Reliance on the Notice and Access
Model by Soliciting Persons Other Than the Issuer
III. Clarifying Amendments
A. No Requirement to Provide Recommendations B. Deadline for Responding to Requests for Copies After the Meeting
C. Item 4 of Schedule 14A
IV. Compliance Dates
V. Paperwork Reduction Act
VI. Cost-Benefit Analysis
A. Background
B. Summary of the Amendments
C. Benefits
1. Versatility of the Internet
2. Reduction in Paper Processing Costs
3. Reduction in the Cost of Proxy Contests
4. Environmental Benefits
D. Costs
1. Costs Under the Notice Only Option
2. Costs Under the Full Set Delivery Option
3. Costs to Intermediaries
4. Costs to Shareholders
5. Comments Regarding Unanticipated
Costs
6. Comment on the Complexity of the
Notice and Access Model
VII. Consideration of Burden on Competition
and Promotion of Efficiency, Competition and Capital Formation
VIII. Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis
A. Need for the Amendments B. Significant Issues Raised by Public Comment
C. Small Entities Subject to the
Amendments
D. Reporting, Recordkeeping and Other Compliance Requirements E. Agency Action To Minimize Effect on Small Entities
IX. Statutory Basis and Text of Amendments
I. Introduction
On January 22, 2007, we proposed amendments to the proxy rules that would require all issuers and other soliciting persons to furnish proxy materials to shareholders by posting them on an Internet Web site and providing shareholders with notice of the electronic availability of the proxy materials.10 Under the proposal, issuers and other soliciting persons would be permitted to deliver paper or e-mail copies of their proxy materials to shareholders along with the notice. The proposal was intended to provide all shareholders with the ability to choose the means by which they access proxy materials, including via paper, e-mail or the Internet, while still affording issuers and other soliciting persons flexibility in determining how to furnish their proxy materials to shareholders.11 In a companion release issued on the same date, we adopted the ‘‘notice and access’’ model that issuers and other soliciting persons may comply with on a voluntary basis for proxy solicitations commencing on or after July 1, 2007.12 We received 23 comment letters on the proposal. The vast majority of commenters generally supported our goal of increasing reliance on technology to improve proxy distribution.13 However, many of the rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with RULES_2
New York (BONY), U.S. Chamber of Commerce (Chamber of Commerce), Council of Institutional Investors (CII), Commerce Finance Printers Corp. (Commerce Finance Printers), Computershare, Dechert LLP (Dechert), Kathryn Elmore and Michael Allen (Elmore & Allen), Investment Company Institute (ICI), Infosys Technologies Limited (Infosys), MailExpress, Reed Smith LLP (Reed Smith), Registrar and Transfer Company (Registrar and Transfer), Karl W. Reimers (Reimers), Ayal Rosenthal (Rosenthal), Society of Corporate Secretaries and Governance Professionals (SCSGP), Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA), Mark Snyder (Snyder), Shareholder Services Association (SSA), and Securities Transfer Association, Inc. (STA). 14See letters from AARP, ABC, ADP, BONY, Chamber of Commerce, CII, Computershare, ICI, Reed Smith, Registrar and Transfer, SCSGP, SIFMA, SSA, and STA. 15The effective result of the rules is that an intermediary must prepare Notices (or incorporate Notice information in its request for voting instructions) and create Web sites for all issuers for which securities are held by the intermediary’s customers, rather than only for issuers who elect to follow the notice and access model under the voluntary system. 16Based on a random sampling of 150 large accelerated filers, approximately 80% of such filers already post their proxy materials on a non-EDGAR Web site, while almost all of the rest provide a link on their Web site to the Commission’s EDGAR system. Only a small handful of such filers do not post their proxy materials on their Web site at all. We note, however, that currently there is no requirement that such Web sites preserve the anonymity of persons accessing the Web site. See
Section II.A.1.f of this release for a description of
this requirement.
17A large accelerated filer, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b–2 [17 CFR 240.12b–2], is an issuer that, as of the end of its fiscal year, has an aggregate worldwide market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by its non-affiliates of $700 million or more, as measured on the last business day of the issuer’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter; has been subject to the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act for a period of at least twelve calendar months; has filed at least one annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and is not eligible to use Forms 10– KSB and 10–QSB for its annual and quarterly reports. 18See letters from ABC, BONY, and Registrar and Transfer. 19See, for example, letters from Chamber of Commerce, CII, Commerce Financial Printers, Elmore & Allen, ICI, and STA. 20See revised Rule 14a–3(a). The notice and access model does not apply to a proxy solicitation related to a business combination transaction. See Rule 14a–16(m) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(m)]. Also, as with the voluntary model, the notice and access model does not apply if the law of the issuer’s state of incorporation would prohibit them from furnishing proxy materials in that manner. See Rule 14a–3(a)(3)(ii). 21 If not soliciting proxies, an issuer may incorporate the Notice information into its information statement. commenters thought that the Commission’s timetable for adopting the proposed amendments was too aggressive.14 They suggested that we postpone adoption of the proposal until we gain experience from operation of the voluntary rule. Although we acknowledge the timing concerns raised by the commenters, we think that it is appropriate to adopt the proposal at this time because the model that we are adopting will provide shareholders with enhanced choices without changing significantly the obligations of an issuer or other soliciting person. The only new obligations that the revised notice and access model will impose on issuers and other soliciting persons compared to the voluntary rule is that an issuer or other person soliciting proxies who wishes to initially furnish a full set of proxy materials in paper to shareholders will be required to: (1) Post those proxy materials on an Internet Web site; and (2) include a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (Notice) with the full set or incorporate the Notice information into its proxy statement and proxy card.15 Furthermore, under the phase-in
schedule that we are establishing for
expanding the notice and access model to all issuers and other soliciting persons, the largest public companies will become subject to the model a year before any other companies become subject to the model. Most of these companies already appear to post their proxy materials and Exchange Act reports on an Internet Web site.16 A large accelerated filer (not including registered investment companies) will have to comply with the notice and access model for solicitations beginning on or after January 1, 2008.17 All other issuers (including registered investment companies) and soliciting persons other than issuers will have to comply with the model for solicitations beginning on or after January 1, 2009. This tiered system of implementation addresses the commenters’ timing concerns by providing the Commission with a significant test group of large accelerated filers from which to obtain operating data and more than a full year to study the effects of the notice and access model and make any necessary revisions to the rules before they apply to other entities. In addition, several commenters were concerned that the proposals would have required all issuers to establish Internet voting platforms 18 or to prepare their proxy materials at least 40 days prior to the shareholder meeting,19 and therefore would impose significant costs on issuers. As discussed in detail below, the final rules do not require, and the proposals would not have required, an issuer or other soliciting person to establish an Internet voting platform. Similarly, the rules do not require an issuer or other soliciting person that sends a full set of proxy materials to shareholders to prepare its proxy materials at least 40 days prior to the meeting.
II. Description of the Amendments
Under the amendments, an issuer that is required to furnish proxy materials to shareholders under the Commission’s proxy rules must post its proxy materials on a specified, publiclyaccessible Internet Web site (other than the Commission’s EDGAR Web site) and provide record holders with a notice informing them that the materials are available and explaining how to access those materials.20 Intermediaries also must follow the notice and access model to furnish an issuer’s proxy materials to beneficial owners. Persons other than the issuer conducting their own proxy solicitations must comply with the notice and access model as well. By requiring Internet availability of proxy materials, the amendments are designed to enhance the ability of investors to make informed voting decisions and to expand use of the Internet to ultimately lower the costs of proxy solicitations. A. Notice and Access Model for Issuers:
Two Options for Making Proxy Materials Available to Shareholders The notice and access model allows an issuer to select either of the following two options to provide proxy materials to shareholders: (1) The ‘‘notice only option’’ and (2) the ‘‘full set delivery option.’’ Under the notice only option, an issuer will comply with the same requirements that we adopted in connection with the voluntary notice and access model. Under these requirements, the issuer must post its proxy materials on an Internet Web site and send a Notice to shareholders to inform them of the electronic availability of the proxy materials at least 40 days before the shareholders meeting. If an issuer follows this option, it must respond to shareholder requests for copies, including a shareholder’s permanent request for paper or e-mail copies of proxy materials for all shareholder meetings. Under the full set delivery option, an issuer can deliver a full set of proxy materials to shareholders, along with the Notice. An issuer need not prepare and deliver a separate Notice if it incorporates all of the information required to appear in the Notice into its proxy statement and proxy card,21 and it need not respond to requests for copies as required under the notice only option. An issuer does not have to choose one option or the other as the exclusive means for providing proxy materials to shareholders. Rather, an issuer may use rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with RULES_2
22See Rule 14a–16 [17 CFR 240.14a–16]. 23Rule 14a–16(a)(1) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(a)(1)]. 24 17 CFR 240.14a–3(e). 25Rule 14a–16(d) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(d)]. Appropriate changes must be made if the issuer is providing an information statement pursuant to Regulation 14C, seeking to effect a corporate action by written consent, or is a legal entity other than a corporation. 26Rule 14a–16(g) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(g)]. 27Rule 14a–16(e) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(e)]. 28Rule 14a–16(e)(2)(ii) [17 CFR 240.14a– 16(e)(2)(ii)]. 29See new Rule 14a–16(f)(2)(iii). 30 17 CFR 240.14a–6(b). 31Rule 14a–16(i) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(i)]. 32Rule 14a–16(b)(1) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(b)(1)]. 33Rule 14a–16(b)(3) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(b)(3)]. 34Rule 14a–16(b)(2) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(b)(2)]. 35Rule 14a–16(c) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(c)]. See
Section II.A.3 of Release 34–55146 (Jan. 22, 2007)
[72 FR 4148]. One commenter asked the Commission to consider the costs of requiring such formats. See letter from ICI. We believe that requiring readable and printable formats is important so that shareholders have meaningful access to the proxy materials. When determining the readability and printability of formats, issuers should consider the size of the files because many shareholders do not have broadband connections. Although some types of files may be suitable for persons with high-speed Internet access, the readability and printability of a document may be affected significantly by the time that it takes to download the document. 36Rule 14a–16(b)(1) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(b)(1)]. 37Rule 14a–16(b)(4) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(b)(4)]. 38See letters from ABC, BONY, and Registrar and Transfer. 39Rule 14a–16(j) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(j)]. the notice only option to provide proxy materials to some shareholders and the full set delivery option to provide proxy materials to other shareholders. We describe both options in greater detail below.
40See Rule 14a–16(d)(5) and (j)(4) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(d)(5) and (j)(4)]. 41Rule 14a–16(d)(5) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(d)(5)]. 42Rule 14a–16(f)(2)(i) [17 CFR 240.14a– 16(f)(2)(i)]. 43Rule 14a–16(h) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(h)]. 44See letter from CII. 45Rule 14a–16(k)(1) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(k)(1)]. See Section II.A.1.b.iii of Release No. 34–55146 (Jan. 22, 2007) [72 FR 4148]. 46 46 Rule 14a–16(k)(2) [17 CFR 240.14a– 16(k)(2)]. 47See letters from CII, ICI, and Reed Smith. 48See letter from ICI. 49See letter from CII. 50See Rules 14b–1(b) and 14b–2(b) [17 CFR 240.14b–1(b) and 240.14b–2(b)]. 51Under the traditional proxy delivery scheme, issuers could send proxy materials to shareholders via e-mail provided they followed Commission guidance regarding such delivery, which typically required obtaining affirmative consent from individual shareholders. See Release No. 33–7233 (Oct. 6, 1995) [60 FR 53458]. Issuers may continue to rely on such guidance to send materials electronically to shareholders. See Section II.A. of this release. 52A ‘‘full set’’ of proxy materials would contain (1) a proxy statement or information statement, (2) an annual report if one is required by Rule 14a–3(b) or Rule 14c–3(a), and (3) a proxy card or, in the case of a beneficial owner, a request for voting instructions, if proxies are being solicited. 53See new Rule 14a–16(n)(2). 54As discussed below, this date does not have to be at least 40 days prior to the shareholder meeting date. 55 17 CFR 240.14a–3(e). records of those elections.40 Further, the issuer must provide a toll-free telephone number, e-mail address, and Internet Web site address as a means by which a shareholder can request a copy of the proxy materials for the particular shareholder meeting referenced in the Notice or make a permanent election to receive copies of the proxy materials on a continuing basis with respect to all meetings.41 The issuer also may include a pre-addressed, postage-paid reply card with the Notice that shareholders can use to request a copy of the proxy materials.42 e. Delivery of a Proxy Card An issuer may not send a paper or e-mail proxy card to a shareholder until 10 calendar days or more after the date it sent the Notice to the shareholder, unless the proxy card is accompanied or preceded by a copy of the proxy statement and any annual report, if required, to security holders sent via the same medium.43 This provision is intended to assist an issuer’s efforts to solicit proxies if its initial efforts have not produced adequate response. This is similar to many issuers’ current practice of sending reminder notices and duplicate proxy cards to shareholders who have not responded to the issuer’s original request for proxy voting instructions. One commenter remarking on this aspect of the proposals expressed concern that shareholders receiving proxy cards separately from the proxy statement and annual report may make their voting decisions without the benefit of access to those disclosure documents.44
We appreciate this concern. However, at the point that a shareholder receives such a proxy card, the shareholder already would have received a Notice that provides information on how the shareholder can access the proxy materials and request copies of the materials, if desired. Moreover, the shareholder also would receive another copy of the Notice with the proxy card. We believe that, at this point, the shareholder will have had ample opportunity to either access the proxy materials on the Internet Web site or request a copy of those materials. f. Web Site Confidentiality An issuer must maintain the Internet Web site on which it posts its proxy materials in a manner that does not infringe on the anonymity of a person accessing that Web site.45 An issuer also may not use any e-mail address provided by a shareholder solely to request a copy of proxy materials for any purpose other than to send a copy of those materials to that shareholder.46 The issuer also may not disclose a shareholder’s e-mail address to any person, except to its agent or an employee of the issuer. This disclosure may be made only for the purpose of facilitating delivery of a copy of the issuer’s proxy materials by the agent or employee to a shareholder requesting a copy of the materials. Three commenters were concerned about the provisions of the model that require a company to maintain the designated Web site in a manner that does not infringe on the anonymity of persons accessing the Web site.47 One commenter was concerned that the prohibition on ‘‘cookies’’ will raise the costs of maintaining Internet Web sites.48 Conversely, one commenter was concerned that there could be potential abuses of shareholder privacy through information tracking and collection of information on Internet Web sites.49 Similar concerns regarding potential abuses of shareholder privacy also were raised with regard to the adoption of the voluntary notice and access model. Although we recognize that the confidentiality requirements may increase the cost of maintaining an Internet Web site, we believe that the protection of shareholder information is important. A rule that permits issuers to discover the identity of a person accessing the Web site could effectively negate a beneficial owner’s ability under the proxy rules to object to an intermediary’s disclosure of that beneficial owner’s identity to the issuer.50 In addition, a rule without this prohibition on the issuer may make some shareholders hesitant to access the proxy disclosures, which would not promote the purposes of this rule. Therefore we have retained this provision of the rule to help prevent potential abuses of shareholder information. We do not believe that this requirement will impose any undue burden on companies. Under the rule, a company must refrain from installing cookies and other tracking features on the Web site on which the proxy materials are posted. This may require segregating those pages from the rest of the company’s
regular Web site or creating a new Web site. However, the rule does not require the company to turn off the Web site’s connection log, which automatically tracks numerical IP addresses that connect to that Web site. Although in most cases, this IP address does not provide companies with sufficient information to identify the accessing shareholder, companies may not use these numbers to attempt to find out more information about persons accessing the Web site. In addition, shareholders still concerned about their anonymity can request copies from their intermediaries.
2. The Full Set Delivery Option:
Sending a Notice With a Full Set of Proxy Materials Under the ‘‘full set delivery option,’’ an issuer will follow procedures that are substantially similar to the traditional means of providing proxy materials in paper.51 Under this option, in addition to sending proxy materials to shareholders as under the traditional method, an issuer must:
56Because issuers are obligated to provide proxy materials to beneficial owners, we recommend that issuers place only information required by the Notice that is relevant to all shareholders (record and beneficial owners) in the proxy statement, and present information that is relevant only to record holders on the proxy card so that beneficial owners are not confused by information in the proxy statement that would only be applicable to record holders. Required information disclosed on the proxy statement need not be repeated on the proxy card. 57See new Rule 14a–16(n)(4). Appropriate changes must be made if the issuer is providing an information statement pursuant to Regulation 14C, seeking to effect a corporate action by written consent, or is a legal entity other than a corporation. 58See new Rule 14a–16(n)(3)(ii). 59See new Rule 14a–16(n)(4)(ii). 60Rule 14a–16(g) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(g)]. 61Rule 14a–16(e) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(e)]. 62Rule 14a–16(e)(2)(ii) [17 CFR 240.14a– 16(e)(2)(ii)]. 63Rule 14a–16(i) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(i)]. If the issuer incorporates the contents of the Notice into the proxy materials, a separate filing is not required. 64Rule 14a–16(b)(1) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(b)(1)]. 65Rule 14a–16(b)(3) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(b)(3)]. 66Rule 14a–16(b)(2) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(b)(2)]. 67Rule 14a–16(c) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(c)]. See
Section II.A.3 of Release 34–55146 (Jan. 22, 2007)
[72 FR 4148].
68Rule 14a–16(b)(1) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(b)(1)]. 69Rule 14a–16(b)(4) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(b)(4)]. 70See new Rule 14a–16(h)(2). 71Rule 14a–16(k)(1) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(k)(1)]. See Section II.A.1.b.iii of Release No. 34–55146 (Jan. 22, 2007) [72 FR 4148]. 72Rule 14a–16(k)(2) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(k)(2)]. information required in the Notice in its proxy statement and proxy card.56 In the proposing release, we solicited comment on whether we should permit the issuer that is sending a full set to incorporate the information required in the Notice into the proxy statement and proxy card, rather than require that issuer to prepare a separate Notice. Although we did not receive any comment on this issue, we do not see a compelling reason to require an issuer to include a separate Notice when it already is sending a shareholder a full set of proxy materials. We believe that providing the Notice information in the proxy materials will provide shareholders with sufficient information to access the materials on the Internet, while reducing costs to issuers. However, an issuer may prepare a separate Notice if it desires. The information required in the Notice, or proxy materials if no separate Notice is prepared, includes much, but not all, of the information that is required under the notice only option, including the following: 57
73The requirement in Exchange Act Rules 14a– 3(b) and 14c–3(a) to furnish annual reports to security holders does not apply to registered investment companies [17 CFR 240.14a–3(b) and 240.14c–3(a)]. A soliciting person other than the issuer also is not subject to this requirement. Finally, an issuer is required to provide such a report for shareholder meetings at which directors are to be elected. 74See new Rule 14a–16(n)(1). 75See new Rule 14a–16(n)(2)(ii). See also footnote 58, above. 76See new Rule 14a–16(n)(3)(ii). 77See new Rule 14a–16(n)(3)(i). 78See new Rule 14a–16(n)(4). 79Rule 14a–16(f)(1) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(f)(1)]. We note however, that under the notice only option, an issuer may send the Notice and proxy card together 10 days or more after it initially sends the Notice. See new Rule 14a–16(h)(1). 80However, it may send a reminder proxy card at any time after it initially sends the Notice accompanied by the full set of proxy materials. See new Rule 14a–16(h)(2). 81See Rule 14a–16(n)(4). 82See, for example, letters from Chamber of Commerce, CII, Commerce Financial Printers, Elmore & Allen, ICI, and STA. 83See Rule 14a–16(n)(3)(i). 84 If a soliciting person other than the issuer elects to follow the notice only option, the Notice must be sent to shareholders by the later of: (1) 40 calendar days prior to the security holder meeting date or, if no meeting is to be held, 40 calendar days prior to the date the votes, consents, or authorizations may be used to effect the corporate action; or (2) 10 calendar days after the date that the registrant first sends its proxy statement or Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials to security holders. See Rule 14a–16(l)(2) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(l)(2)]. 85See Rule 14b–1(b)(2) [17 CFR 240.14b–1(b)(2)]. 86For a more complete discussion of the content of the intermediary’s Notice, see Section II.B.2 of Release No. 34–55146 (Jan. 22, 2007) [72 FR 4148]. 87That is, as in the case of an issuer, a soliciting person other than the issuer may solicit some Continued
3. Differences Between the Full Set
Delivery Option and the Notice Only Option The full set delivery option varies from the notice only option in the following ways:
shareholders using the notice only option, while soliciting other shareholders using the full set delivery option. 88Under Rule 14a–7(a)(2) [17 CFR 240.14a– 7(a)(2)], an issuer is required to either mail the Notice on behalf of the soliciting person, in which case the soliciting person can request that the issuer send Notices only to shareholders who have not requested paper copies, or provide the soliciting person with a shareholder list, indicating which shareholders have requested paper copies. For a more complete discussion of the interaction of the model with Rule 14a–7, see Section II.C.4 of Release No. 34–55146 (Jan. 22, 2007) [72 FR 4148]. 89Rule 14a–16(l)(2) [17 CFR 240.14a–16(l)(2)]. 90Rule 14a–16(l)(3)(i) [17 CFR 240.14a– 16(l)(3)(i)]. 91 Id. 92Rule 14a–16(l)(3)(ii) [17 CFR 240.14a– 16(l)(3)(ii)]. 93 17 CFR 240.14a–16(d)(3). 94See Release No. 33–55146 (Jan. 22, 2007) [72 FR 4148]. 95See Rule 14a–3(b) [17 CFR 240.14a–3(b)]. 96 17 CFR 240.14a–16(j)(3). 97 17 CFR 240.14a–101. with the existing proxy rules and the voluntary model, the amendments treat such soliciting persons differently from the issuer in certain respects. First, a soliciting person is not required to solicit every shareholder or to furnish an information statement to shareholders not being solicited. It may select the specific shareholders from whom it wishes to solicit proxies. For example, under the notice and access model, a soliciting person other than the issuer can choose to send Notices only to those shareholders who have not previously requested paper copies.88 Second, if a soliciting person other than the issuer elects to follow the notice only option, it must send a Notice to shareholders by the later of:
98See letters from AARP, ABC, ADP, BONY, Chamber of Commerce, CII, Computershare, ICI, Reed Smith, Registrar and Transfer, SCSGP, SIFMA, SSA, and STA. 99See letters from Chamber of Commerce, BONY, ICI, Reed Smith, Registrar and Transfer, SCSGP, SIMFA, and STA. 100See letters from ABC, BONY and Registrar and Transfer. 101See letters from Chamber of Commerce, CII, Commerce Financial Printers, Elmore & Allen, ICI, and STA. 102One commenter specifically noted that the timeframe would not allow the Commission to analyze the effects of one full year of compliance for large accelerated filers who chose to accept the voluntary model. See letter from the Chamber of Commerce. The tiered system will allow the Commission to analyze a full year of experience under the notice and access model for all large accelerated filers. 103Release No. 34–52926 (Dec. 8, 2005) [70 FR 74597]. 104Release No. 34–55146 (Jan. 22, 2007) [72 FR 4147]. timetable for adopting the proposed rules. All 14 commenters on this topic requested that the Commission delay adoption of the proposed rules.98 This group of commenters included trade associations representing issuers, transfer agents, intermediaries, proxy distribution service providers, institutional investors, and other shareholders. Eight of these commenters were concerned that the short period between effectiveness of the voluntary model and adoption of the amendments in this release would not permit the Commission and the industry to properly evaluate the results of the voluntary model and prepare an adequate cost-benefit analysis.99 Data that the commenters felt would be important to capture regarding the voluntary model included: (1) The effect on voter participation; (2) the costs of implementing the model; and (3) the extent to which predicted savings are actually realized by companies and other soliciting persons. These commenters recommended that the Commission not adopt the proposed amendments until it has had the opportunity to assess the data received regarding companies’ experiences with the voluntary model. With respect to costs, three of these commenters were concerned regarding the cost of adopting rules that would require issuers to develop, or hire outside services to develop, an Internet voting platform.100 The rules that we are adopting do not require, and the proposals would not have required, such an Internet voting platform. Similarly, five commenters raised concerns regarding the ability of issuers to prepare their proxy materials at least 40 days before the date of the shareholder meeting, and costs associated with these efforts.101 The rules that we are adopting do not require, and the proposal would not have required, all issuers to comply with the 40-day deadline if they are unable, or choose not, to do so. As we have explained above, an issuer or other soliciting person may elect to comply with either: (1) The notice only option which is identical to the voluntary notice and access model; or (2) the
full set delivery option. The latter option is substantially the same as the traditional system of providing proxy materials in paper, except that an issuer or other soliciting person complying with the full set delivery option also will have to:
105Release No. 34–55146 (Jan. 22, 2007) [72 FR 4147]. 106ADP recently spun off its brokerage services group, which is now called Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. However, because its comment letter was submitted when the group was part of ADP and carries the ADP letterhead, we continue to refer to the company as ADP for purposes of this release. 107We expect savings per mailing to record holders to roughly correspond to savings per mailing to beneficial owners. 108According to ADP data, the 2006 proxy season extended from February 15, 2006 to May 1, 2006. voluntary model, or necessitate revising the burden estimates for any existing collections of information requiring OMB’s approval.
VI. Cost-Benefit Analysis
A. Background
We are adopting amendments to the proxy rules under the Exchange Act substantially as proposed that require issuers and other soliciting persons (jointly referred to as ‘‘soliciting parties’’) to follow the notice and access model for furnishing proxy materials. The amendments are intended to provide all shareholders with the ability to choose the means by which they access proxy materials, to expand use of the Internet to ultimately lower the costs of proxy solicitations, and to improve shareholder communications. B. Summary of the Amendments The notice and access model that we are adopting requires soliciting parties to furnish proxy materials by posting them on a specified, publicly-accessible Internet Web site (other than the Commission’s EDGAR Web site) and providing shareholders with a notice informing them that the materials are available and explaining how to access them. Under the model, soliciting parties may choose between two options with respect to how they will provide proxy materials to shareholders. Under the first option, the notice only option, a soliciting party may follow the procedures in Exchange Act Rule 14a– 16 that we adopted on January 22, 2007 in connection with the voluntary model.105 Under this option, a soliciting party would send only a Notice indicating the Internet availability of the proxy materials to a solicited shareholder at least 40 days prior to the shareholders meeting and provide that shareholder with a paper or e-mail copy of the proxy materials upon request. Under the second option, the full set delivery option, soliciting parties may follow procedures substantially similar to the traditional method of sending paper copies of the proxy materials to a shareholder by accompanying the Notice with a full set of proxy materials. Under the full set delivery option, the soliciting party is not required to send the Notice and the full set of proxy materials at least 40 days prior to the shareholders meeting and need not provide a means for shareholders to request another set of the proxy materials. Moreover, a soliciting party need not prepare a separate Notice if it includes all of the information otherwise required in a Notice in the proxy statement or proxy card. A soliciting party may use the notice only option to provide proxy materials to some shareholders and the full set delivery option to provide proxy materials to other shareholders. The amendments also require intermediaries to follow similar procedures to provide beneficial owners with access to the proxy materials. Soliciting parties may not use the model with respect to a business combination transaction.
C. Benefits
109 85.3 million mailings × $5.64/mailing = $481.2 million. 110According to ADP, in 2005, 90,013,175 proxy pieces out of a total 179,833,774 proxy pieces were mailed during the 2005 proxy season. Thus, we estimate that 50% of proxy pieces are mailed during the proxy season (90,013,175 proxy pieces during the season/179,833,774 total proxy pieces = 0.5 or 50%). 111 $481.2 million/50% = $962.4 million. 112Soliciting parties that choose to follow the full set delivery option will not incur fulfillment costs. Such soliciting parties are not required to provide paper copies to shareholders upon request because they would have provided such copies at the outset. 113See letter commenting on Release No. 34– 52926 (Dec. 8, 2005) [70 FR 74598] from Computershare. 114This range of potential cost savings depends on data on proxy material production, home printing costs, and first-class postage rates provided by Lexecon and ADP, and supplemented with modest 2006 USPS postage rate discounts. The fixed costs of notice and proxy material production are estimated to be $2.36 per shareholder, including $0.42 to print and mail the Notice. The variable costs of fulfilling a paper request, including handling, paper, printing and postage, are estimated to be $6.11 per copy requested. Our estimate of the total number of shareholders is based on data provided by ADP and SIFMA (at the time it submitted these comments, the SIFMA was known as the Securities Industry Association or SIA). According to SIFMA’s comment letter on Release No. 34–52926 (Dec. 8, 2005) [70 FR 74598], 78.49% of shareholders held their shares in street name. We estimate that the total number of proxy pieces mailed to both registered holders and beneficial owners is approximately 229,116,797 (179,833,774 proxy pieces to beneficial owners/78.49% = 229,116,799 total proxy pieces). To calculate the potential cost savings, for the percentage of proxy piece mailings replaced by the Notice (10% or 50% times 229,116,799 proxy pieces), we estimate the total savings of not printing and sending full sets ($5.64) and subtract the estimated costs of printing and sending Notices and fulfilling paper requests ($2.36 + (19.2% × $6.11)). 10% × 229,116,799 proxy pieces × ($5.64¥($2.36 + (19.2% × $6.11)) = $48.3 million. 50% × 229,116,799 proxy pieces × ($5.64¥($2.36 + (19.2% × $6.11)) = $241.4 million. 115See letter commenting on Release No. 34– 52926 (Dec. 8, 2005) [70 FR 74598] from ADP. the 2006 proxy season was $5.64. We estimate that soliciting parties spent, in the aggregate, $481.2 million in postage and printing fees alone to distribute paper proxy materials to beneficial owners during the 2006 proxy season.109 Approximately 50% of all proxy pieces mailed by ADP in 2005 were mailed during the proxy season.110 Therefore, extrapolating this percentage to 2006, we estimate that soliciting parties from beneficial owners spent approximately $962.4 million in 2006 in printing and mailing costs.111 As was the case
with the voluntary model, for soliciting parties following the notice only option, paper-related savings may be reduced by the cost of fulfilling requests for paper copies.112 We estimate that approximately 19% of shareholders would request paper copies from such soliciting parties. Commenters on the voluntary model provided alternate estimates. For example, Computershare, a large transfer agent, estimated that less than 10% of shareholders would request paper copies.113 According to a survey conducted by Forrester Research for ADP, 12% of shareholders report that they would always take extra steps to get their proxy materials, and as many as 68% of shareholders report that they would take extra steps to get their proxy materials in paper at least some of the time. The same survey also finds that 82% of shareholders report that they look at their proxy materials at least some of the time. These survey results suggest that shareholders may review proxy materials even if they do not vote. During the 2005 proxy season, only 44% of accounts were voted by beneficial owners. Put differently, 56%, or 84.8 million accounts, did not return requests for voting instructions. Our estimate that 19% of shareholders would request paper copies reflects the diverse estimates suggested by the available data. Based on the assumption that 19% of shareholders would choose to have paper copies sent to them when a soliciting party initially sends them only a Notice, we estimated that the voluntary model could produce annual paper-related savings ranging from $48.3 million (if soliciting parties responsible for 10% of all proxy mailings choose to follow the notice only option) to $241.4 million (if soliciting parties responsible for 50% of all proxy mailings choose to follow the notice only option).114 This estimate excludes the effect of the provision of the amendments that would allow shareholders to make a permanent request for paper copies. That provision enables soliciting parties to take advantage of bulk printing and mailing rates for those requesting shareholders, and therefore should reduce the ondemand costs reflected in these calculations. Although we expect the savings to be significant from the notice and access model as a whole, the actual paperrelated benefits will be influenced by several factors that we estimate should become less important over time. First, to the extent that shareholders request paper copies of the proxy materials, the benefits of the notice and access model in terms of savings in printing and mailing costs will be reduced. Soliciting parties have expressed concern that the cost per paper copy would be significantly greater if they have to mail copies of paper proxy materials to shareholders on an on-demand basis, rather than mailing the paper copies in bulk. Thus, if a significant number of shareholders request paper, the savings will be substantially reduced. Second, soliciting parties may face a high degree of uncertainty about
the number of requests that they may get for paper proxy materials and may maintain unnecessarily large inventories of paper copies as a precaution. As soliciting parties gain experience with the number of sets of paper materials that they need to supply to requesting shareholders, and as shareholders become more comfortable with receiving disclosures via the Internet, the number of paper copies are likely to decline, as would soliciting parties’ tendency to print many more copies than ultimately are requested. This should lead to growth in paper-related savings from the notice and access model over time.
3. Reduction in the Cost of Proxy
Contests
Benefits would accrue under the notice and access model from additional reductions in the costs of proxy solicitations by persons other than the issuer. Soliciting persons other than the issuer also must comply with the notice and access model, but can limit the scope of their proxy solicitations to shareholders who have not requested paper copies of the proxy materials. The flexibility afforded to persons other than the issuer under the model ultimately may reduce the cost of engaging in proxy contests, thereby increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of proxy contests as a source of discipline in the corporate governance process. However, because the amendments do not significantly change the options available to such soliciting person from the existing rules, we do not anticipate that the amendments will change significantly the number of soliciting persons other than issuers who select the notice only option as opposed to the number who would have chosen to follow the voluntary model. The effect of the notice and access model of lessening the costs associated with a proxy contest will be limited by the persistence of other costs. One commenter on the proposal to create the voluntary model noted that a large percentage of the costs of effecting a proxy contest go to legal, document preparation, and solicitation fees, while a much smaller percentage of the costs is associated with printing and distribution of materials.115 However, other commenters suggested that the paper-related cost savings that can be realized from the rule amendments are rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with RULES_2
116See letters commenting on Release No. 34– 52926 (Dec. 8, 2005) [70 FR 74598] from CALSTRS, Computershare, ISS, and Swingvote. 117See letter commenting on Release No. 34– 52926 (Dec. 8, 2005) [70 FR 74598] from American Forests. 118 In the voluntary model adopting release, we estimated that soliciting parties would spend a total of $897,975 on outside professionals to prepare this disclosure. We also estimated that soliciting parties would spend a total of 8,980 hours of personnel time preparing this disclosure. We estimated the average hourly cost of personnel time to be $125, resulting in a total cost of $1,122,500 for personnel time and a total cost of $2,020,475 ($1,122,500 + $897,975 = $2,020,475). 119We are adjusting this estimate of personnel time to be $175 to be consistent with our other releases. This results in an in-house cost of $1,571,500 (8,980 hours × $175/hour = $1,571,500) and a total cost of $2,469,475 ($1,571,500 + $897,975 = $2,469,475) for soliciting parties following the notice only option. For purposes of the PRA analysis, we are not adjusting the hourly burden imposed on soliciting parties and, therefore, are not revising our PRA submission. 120 $2,469,475 * 10% = $246,948. $2,469,475 * 50% = $1,234,736. 121See http://www.ics.adp.com/release11/ public_site/about/stats.html stating that ADP handled 179,833,774 in fiscal year 2005 and letter commenting on Release No. 34–52926 (Dec. 8,
2005) [70 FR 74598] from SIFMA stating that
beneficial accounts represent 78.49% of total accounts. 122 10% × 229,116,797 × ($0.13 + $0.29) = $9.6 million. 50% × 229,116,797 × ($0.13 + $0.29) = $48.1 million. As stated above, these costs would be significantly offset by savings as a result of not being required to print and mail full sets of proxy materials, resulting in a net savings of $48.3 million (if issuers responsible for 10% of all proxy mailings choose to follow the notice only option) to $241.4 million (if issuers responsible for 50% of all proxy mailings choose to follow the notice only option) for issuers choosing to follow the notice only option. 123A review found free Web hosting services that permit the posting of up to 100M of data, with a bandwidth capacity of 10,000MB. A document’s size can vary dramatically depending on its design. Typical proxy statement and annual report sizes vary from 200KB for documents with few graphics such as an annual report on Form 10-K to 5MB for elaborate ‘‘glossy’’ annual reports. Based on this range of sizes, we estimate that a free Web hosting service would enable between 1,000 and 25,000 ‘‘hits’’ per month. 124We found several services which permit the posting of up to 300GB of data, with a bandwidth capacity of 3000GB, and include Web design programs at prices between $5 and $8 per month. substantial enough to change the way many contests are conducted.116
4. Environmental Benefits
Finally, some benefits from the notice and access model, as revised, may arise from a reduction in what may be regarded as the environmental costs of the proxy solicitation process.117 Specifically, proxy solicitation involves the use of a significant amount of paper and printing ink. Paper production and distribution can adversely affect the environment, due to the use of trees, fossil fuels, chemicals such as bleaching agents, printing ink (which contains toxic metals), and cleanup washes. Although not all of these costs may be internalized by paper producers, to the extent that such producers do internalize these costs and the costs are reflected in the price of paper and other materials consumed during the proxy solicitation process, our dollar estimates of the paper-related benefits reflect the elimination of these adverse environmental consequences under the model. D. Costs The amendments require all soliciting parties, including those who follow the full set delivery option, to (1) prepare and print a Notice (or incorporate Notice information into its proxy statement and proxy card) and (2) post the proxy materials on an Internet Web site. Because the notice only option is identical to the voluntary model, soliciting parties that choose that option will incur the same costs and savings as they would have under the voluntary model.
125Based on filings in our last fiscal year, we estimate 7,982 proxy solicitations per year. 10% × 7,982 × $360 = $0.3 million. 50% × 7,982 × $360 = $1.4 million. 126See letters from BONY and Registrar and Transfer. 127 In the voluntary model adopting release, we estimated, for PRA purposes, that issuers and intermediaries would spend a total of 79,820 hours of issuer and intermediary personnel time maintaining these records. We estimate the average hourly cost of issuer and intermediary personnel time to be $175, resulting in a total cost of $13,068,500 for issuer and intermediary personnel time. 128 $13,098,500 × 10% = $1,309,850* $13,098,500
133 50% × 7,982 × $360 = $1.4 million. 90% × 7,982 × $360 = $2.6 million. 134This range of potential home printing costs depends on data provided by Lexecon and ADP. See letter from ADP. The Lexecon data was included in the ADP comment letter. To calculate home printing cost, we assume that 50% of annual report pages are printed in color and 100% of proxy statement pages are printed in black and white. The estimated percentage of shareholders printing at home is derived from Forrester survey data furnished by ADP and adjusted for the reported likelihood that an investor will take extra steps to get proxy materials. Total number of shareholders estimated as above based on data provided by ADP and SIFMA. See letters commenting on Release No. 34–52926 (Dec. 8, 2005) [70 FR 74598] from ADP and SIFMA. 135One commenter specifically noted that the timeframe would not allow the Commission to analyze the effects of one full year of compliance for large accelerated filers who chose to accept the voluntary model. See letter from the Chamber of Commerce. The tiered system will allow the Commission to analyze a full year of experience under the notice and access model for all large accelerated filers. set delivery option because the Notice is substantially smaller than the full set of proxy materials currently sent under the traditional system and must accompany that full set (or be incorporated into the proxy statement and proxy card). In addition, under the amendments, soliciting parties that would not have followed the voluntary model must post their proxy materials on an Internet Web site. As we noted above, although costs for establishing a Web site and posting materials on it can vary greatly, the rules do not require elaborate Web site design. The rules only require that a soliciting party obtain a Web site and post several documents on that Web site. As with the notice only option, we estimate that the approximate total cost to establish a new Web site would be approximately $360 per year for a soliciting party, or a range of $1.4 million (if soliciting parties responsible for 50% of all proxy mailings would not have followed the voluntary model) to $2.6 million (if soliciting parties responsible for 90% of all proxy mailings would not have followed the voluntary model).133
3. Costs to Intermediaries
Soliciting parties and intermediaries will incur additional processing costs under the notice and access model. The amendments require an intermediary such as a bank, broker-dealer, or other association to follow the notice and access model with respect to all issuers. An intermediary must prepare its own Notice to beneficial owners, along with instructions on when and how to request paper copies and the Web site where the beneficial owner can access his or her request for voting instructions. Since soliciting parties reimburse intermediaries for their reasonable expenses of forwarding proxy materials and intermediaries and their agents already have systems to prepare and deliver requests for voting instructions, we do not expect the involvement of intermediaries in sending their Notices to significantly affect the costs associated with the rules. Under the notice and access model, a beneficial owner desiring a copy of the proxy materials from a soliciting party following the notice only option must request such a copy from its intermediary. The costs of collecting and processing requests from beneficial owners may be significant, particularly if the intermediary receives the requests of beneficial owners associated with many different soliciting parties that specify different methods of furnishing the proxy. We expect that these processing costs will be highest in the first year after adoption but will subsequently decline as intermediaries develop the necessary systems and procedures and as beneficial owners increasingly become comfortable with accessing proxy materials online. In addition, the amendments permit a beneficial owner to specify its preference on an account-wide basis, which should reduce the cost of processing requests for copies. These costs ultimately are paid by the soliciting party.
4. Costs to Shareholders
Under the amendments, a shareholder can avoid any additional cost by accessing the proxy materials on the Internet if they already have Internet access or by requesting copies of the proxy materials from the soliciting parties if the shareholder is a record holder or the intermediary if the shareholder is a beneficial owner. Shareholders who do not already have Internet access and wish to access the proxy materials online would incur any necessary costs associated with gaining access to the Internet. In addition, some shareholders may choose to print out the posted materials, which would entail paper and printing costs. We estimate that approximately 10% of all shareholders receiving a Notice under the notice only option would print out the posted materials at home at an estimated cost of $7.05 per proxy package. Based on these assumptions, we estimated that the voluntary model could produce incremental annual home printing costs ranging from $16 million (if soliciting parties responsible for 10% of all current proxy mailings follow the notice only option) to $80 million (if soliciting parties responsible for 50% of all current proxy mailings follow the notice only option).134 Shareholders of issuers that follow the full set delivery option would not incur such costs.
5. Comments Regarding Unanticipated
Costs
Several commenters expressed concern with the adoption of these amendments before the Commission has collected operating data from the voluntary model. The recommended delaying adoption until the market has had more experience with the voluntary model before requiring companies to follow the notice and access model. As we note elsewhere in the release, the amendments adopted in this release do not require soliciting parties to follow procedures substantially different from the procedures available under the voluntary model. Soliciting parties who wish to furnish their proxy materials via traditional paper delivery may continue to do so, with the only added requirements being that they must post their proxy materials on an Internet Web site and prepare a Notice (or incorporate the Notice information into their proxy statement and proxy card). In addition, only large accelerated filers that are subject to the proxy rules will be subject to the requirements in
2008. All other filers need not, but may,
follow the notice and access model before January 1, 2009. Most large accelerated filers already appear to post their proxy materials on the Internet. As noted above, a review of existing Web sites of such issuers indicated that approximately 80% of them already post their filings, including proxy materials, on their Web site. Thus, most of the issuers that will be subject to the rules in the first year will be large issuers that already post their proxy materials on their Web site. Therefore, we believe that no company will incur significant cost as a result of these amendments in the first year, while we evaluate the performance of the model. Although they may need to implement some procedures to ensure the anonymity of persons accessing those materials, we do not believe this requirement will impose a significant burden on these companies. Furthermore, the tiered compliance dates address commenters’ concerns because they will allow the Commission to better analyze the impact of the rules on a subset of issuers constituting large accelerated filers.135 Adopting the amendments for large accelerated filers before the 2008 proxy season effectively rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with RULES_2
136See letter from Reed Smith. We received similar comments on our proposals to adopt the notice and access model as a voluntary means of furnishing proxy materials. 137 15 U.S.C. 78w(a)(2). 138 15 U.S.C. 78c(f). 139 15 U.S.C. 80a–2(c). creates a test group of issuers, enabling the Commission to study the performance of the model with a significant number of larger issuers and to make any necessary revisions to the rules before they apply to all issuers and other soliciting persons.
6. Comment on the Complexity of the
Notice and Access Model One commenter expressed concern that the proposed rule would make the proxy delivery system too complex for beneficial owners holding in street name through their brokers or other intermediaries.136 We acknowledge that the amendments provide shareholders with more options with respect to the manner in which they are able to access their proxy materials, and thereby add complexity to the proxy distribution system. However, we believe that shareholder choice as to the means by which they access proxy materials and the expanded use of the Internet to provide such information to shareholders ultimately will provide shareholders with better access to information, which we believe can make the proxy process more efficient. In adopting the voluntary model, we created a provision that allows a shareholder to make a one-time election of the means by which they access proxy materials to simplify the model for those shareholders. In addition, by choosing to follow the full set delivery option, issuers and other soliciting persons wishing to do so can continue to furnish their proxy materials through procedures substantially similar to traditional methods of furnishing proxy materials. These provisions should significantly simplify the process for all shareholders.
VII. Consideration of Burden on
Competition and Promotion of Efficiency, Competition and Capital Formation
Section 23(a)(2) of the Exchange
Act 137 requires us, when adopting rules under the Exchange Act, to consider the impact that any new rule would have on competition. In addition, Section 23(a)(2) prohibits us from adopting any rule that would impose a burden on competition not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of the Exchange Act. Section 3(f) of the Exchange Act 138 and Section 2(c) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 139 require us, when engaging in rulemaking that requires us to consider or determine whether an action is necessary or appropriate in the public interest, to consider, in addition to the protection of investors, whether the action will promote efficiency, competition, and capital formation. The amendments require all issuers and other soliciting persons to follow the notice and access model for all proxy solicitations, other than those associated with business combination transactions. The amendments are intended to provide all shareholders with the ability to choose the means by which they access proxy materials, to expand use of the Internet to lower the costs of proxy solicitations, and to improve shareholder communications. Historically, issuers decided whether to provide shareholders with the choice to receive proxy materials by electronic means. The amendments provide all shareholders with the ability to choose whether to access proxy materials in paper, by e-mail or via the Internet. We believe that expanded use of electronic communications to replace current modes of disclosures on paper and physical mailings will increase the efficiency of the shareholder communications process. Use of the Internet permits technology developers to enhance a shareholder’s experience with respect to such communications. It permits interactive communications at real-time speeds. Improved shareholder communications may improve relationships between shareholders and management. Retail investors may have easier access to management. In turn, this may lead to increased confidence and trust in well-managed, responsive issuers. The amendment may have the effect of initially raising costs on issuers and other soliciting persons by requiring persons who choose to follow the full set delivery option to post the proxy materials on a Web site and prepare a Notice (or incorporate Notice information into their proxy statement and proxy card). Commenters were concerned that the amendments may create other inefficiencies such as reducing shareholder voting participation and increased reliance on broker discretionary voting. The amendments do not significantly differ from the voluntary model. Issuers who are concerned about a reduction in voting participation still have the option to send a full set of proxy materials to all shareholders. Therefore, we do not believe that the amendments will have a significant impact compared to the previously-adopted voluntary model on shareholder voting participation, and hence reliance on broker discretionary voting. We also
considered the effect of the amendments on competition and capital formation, including the effect that the amendments may have on industries servicing the proxy soliciting process. We do not anticipate any significant effects on capital formation. We also anticipate that some companies whose business model is based on the dissemination of paper-based proxy materials may experience some adverse competition effects from the amendments. However, the full set delivery option permits companies to continue to send paper copies to shareholders. Thus, we do not anticipate that the amendments will have an incremental impact on this industry different from the voluntary model. The amendments may also promote competition among Internetbased information services.
VIII. Final Regulatory Flexibility
Analysis
This Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis has been prepared in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 603. It relates to amendments to the rules and forms under the Exchange Act that require issuers, other persons soliciting proxies, and intermediaries to follow the notice and access model for all proxy solicitations except for those associated with a business combination transaction. An Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis (IRFA) was prepared in accordance with the Regulatory Flexibility Act in conjunction with the proposing release. The proposing release included, and solicited comment on, the IRFA. A. Need for the Amendments On January 22, 2007, we proposed amendments to the rules regarding provision of proxy materials to shareholders. We are adopting those amendments, substantially as proposed. Specifically, the amendments require issuers and other persons soliciting proxies to provide shareholders with Internet access to proxy materials. The amendments are intended to provide all shareholders with the ability to choose the means by which they access proxy materials, to expand use of the Internet to ultimately lower the costs of proxy solicitations, and to improve shareholder communications. We anticipate that the model will enhance the ability of investors to make informed decisions and ultimately to lower the costs of proxy solicitations. rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with RULES_2
140See letters from ABC, BONY, Reed Smith, Registrar and Transfer, and STA. 141See letter from ABC. 142See letter from ABC. 143See letters from BONY, Registrar and Transfer, and STA. 144See letters from BONY and Registrar and Transfer. 145See letter from Registrar and Transfer. 146See letter from ICI. 147 17 CFR 240.0–10(a). 148The estimated number of reporting small entities is based on 2007 data including the Commission’s EDGAR database and Thomson Financial’s Worldscope database. This represents an update from the number of reporting small entities estimated in prior rulemakings. See, for example, Executive Compensation and Related Disclosure, Release No. 33–8732A (Aug. 29, 2006) [71 FR 53158] (in which the Commission estimated a total of 2,500 small entities, other than investment companies). 149 17 CFR 270.0–10. 150 17 CFR 240.0–10(c)(1). 151 These numbers are based on a review by the Commission’s Office of Economic Analysis of 2005 FOCUS Report filings reflecting registered brokerdealers. This number does not include brokerdealers that are delinquent on FOCUS Report filings. 152 13 CFR 121.201. The amendments also will provide all shareholders with the ability to choose whether to access proxy materials in paper, by e-mail or via the Internet. Developing technologies on the Internet should expand the ways in which required disclosures can be used by shareholders. Electronic documents are more easily searchable than paper documents. Users are better able to go directly to any section of the document that they believe to be the most important. They also permit users to more easily evaluate data. It enables users to more easily download data into spreadsheet or other analytical programs so that they can perform their own analyses more efficiently. A centralized Web site containing proxy-related disclosure may facilitate shareholder access to other relevant information such as research reports and news about the issuer. In addition, encouraging shareholders to use the Internet in the context of proxy solicitations may have the sideeffect of improving shareholder communications in other ways. Internet tools may enhance shareholders’ ability to communicate not only with management, but with each other. Such direct access may improve shareholder relations to the extent shareholders have improved access to management. B. Significant Issues Raised by Public Comment Five commenters were concerned that smaller firms may not realize the savings contemplated by the mandatory model and may even incur increased costs.140 One commenter suggested that the Commission develop ‘‘ways to ’scale’ the notice and access model for smaller public companies so as to reduce the cost of compliance,’’ but did not provide any recommendations on how to do so.141 Several commenters were concerned about the increased set-up costs for issuers, including small entities. One commenter estimated that, based on its ‘‘back-of-envelope’’ estimate, the cost of outsourcing the
requirements to a third party provider could cost companies over $5,000 and may exceed $10,000, including the establishment of an Internet voting platform.142 Three other commenters estimated that the proposal would cost companies approximately $3,000 to establish such an Internet voting platform.143 However, as noted previously, the amendments do not require companies to establish such a platform.144 One of these commenters noted that although posting the proxy materials on the Internet is not necessarily expensive or difficult, outsourcing this function to an outside firm could cost hundreds, if not thousands, of dollars to do so.145 One commenter was concerned that the prohibition on ‘‘cookies’’ raises the costs for maintaining the Web sites.146 Although this prohibition does raise the cost to maintain the Web sites, we believe that eliminating this prohibition may have a negative effect on shareholders’ willingness to access the proxy materials via an Internet Web site. We do not believe this requirement will create undue burden on companies. Soliciting parties must refrain from installing cookies and other tracking features on the Web site or portion of the Web site where the proxy materials are posted. This may require segregating those pages from the rest of the soliciting party’s regular Web site or creating a new Web site. However, the rules do not require the company to turn off the Web site’s connection log, which automatically tracks numerical IP addresses that connect to that Web site. Although in most cases, this IP address does not provide a soliciting party with sufficient information to identify the accessing shareholder, soliciting parties may not use these numbers to attempt to find out more information about persons accessing the Web site.
C. Small Entities Subject to the
Amendments
The amendments affect issuers that are small entities. Exchange Act Rule 0– 10(a) 147 defines an issuer to be a ‘‘small business’’ or ‘‘small organization’’ for purposes of the Regulatory Flexibility Act if it had total assets of $5 million or less on the last day of its most recent fiscal year. We estimate that there are approximately 1,100 public companies, other than investment companies, that may be considered small entities.148 For purposes of the Regulatory Flexibility Act, an investment company is a small entity if it, together with other investment companies in the same group of related investment companies, has net assets of $50 million or less as of the end of its most recent fiscal year.149 Approximately 164 registered investment companies meet this definition. Moreover, approximately 51 business development companies may be considered small entities. Paragraph (c)(1) of Rule 0–10 under the Exchange Act 150 states that the term ‘‘small business’’ or ‘‘small organization,’’ when referring to a broker-dealer, means a broker or dealer that had total capital (net worth plus subordinated liabilities) of less than $500,000 on the date in the prior fiscal year as of which its audited financial statements were prepared pursuant to § 240.17a–5(d); and is not affiliated with any person (other than a natural person) that is not a small business or small organization. As of 2005, the Commission estimates that there were approximately 910 broker-dealers that qualified as small entities as defined above.151 Small Business Administration regulations define ‘‘small entities’’ to include banks and savings associations with total assets of $165 million or less.152 The Commission estimates that the rules might apply to approximately 9,475 banks, approximately 5,816 of which could be considered small banks with assets of $165 million or less. D. Reporting, Recordkeeping and Other Compliance Requirements The amendments require all issuers, including small entities, to follow the notice and access model. This model does not significantly change an issuer’s obligations under current rules. An issuer choosing to follow the notice only option would incur costs identical to costs that it would have incurred under the voluntary model. An issuer following the full set delivery option would incur two costs in addition to the current cost of sending proxy materials under the traditional method: (1) The cost of preparing a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials and (2) the cost of posting the proxy materials on a Web site with anonymity controls. For purposes of the Paperwork Reduction Act, we have estimated that the Notice would take approximately rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with RULES_2
153These calculations are based on typical file sizes of proxy statements and annual reports. The lower capacity (1,000) corresponds to files that are elaborate ‘‘glossy’’ annual statements. We believe the higher capacity (25,000) is a more reasonable estimate for small entities because small entities tend to send annual reports on Form 10–K to meet their Rule 14a–3(b) requirements rather than spend the significant cost of producing a ‘‘glossy’’ annual report.
1.5 hours to prepare because the
information is readily available to the issuer. We estimated that 75% of that burden would be incurred by in-house, while 25% of the burden would reflect costs of outside counsel, at a cost of $400 per hour, or approximately $150 per Notice. With respect to printing the Notice, for purposes of the Cost-Benefit Analysis we estimated a cost of $0.13 per copy to print the Notice. However, an issuer may reduce this cost by incorporating the Notice information into its proxy materials. As we noted in our Cost-Benefit Analysis, we anticipate the cost of posting the proxy materials on a publicly accessible Web site to be relatively low. Although an issuer may choose to pay more for an elaborate Web site, the rules do not require such a Web site. An issuer with a small shareholder base may be able to post its materials on a free Web hosting service. As we note in more detail in the Cost-Benefit Analysis, based on our estimate of the typical size of a proxy statement and annual report, we estimate such services provide sufficient bandwidth for approximately 1,000 to 25,000 hits per month.153 We also noted that several Web hosting services provided Web sites which would handle up to five million hits per month are available for approximately $5 to $8 per month, or $60 to $96 per year. Based on a review of several Internet Web page design firms, we estimate that the design of a Web site meeting the base requirements of the rules would be approximately $300. Intermediaries must follow substantially similar requirements with respect to beneficial owners of the issuer’s securities. Issuers, including small entities, are required to reimburse intermediaries for the cost of complying with these requirements. These costs are incorporated in our estimate of costs to issuers. E. Agency Action To Minimize Effect on Small Entities The amendments require all issuers and intermediaries, including small entities, to follow the notice and access model. The purpose of the amendments is to provide all shareholders with the ability to choose the means by which they can access proxy materials, to expand use of the Internet to ultimately lower the costs of proxy solicitations, and to improve shareholder communications. Exempting small entities would not be consistent with this goal and we do not believe that the additional compliance requirements that we are imposing are significant. We believe that in the long run, use of the Internet for shareholder communications not only may decrease costs for all issuers, but also may improve the quality of shareholder communications by enhancing a shareholder’s ability to search and manipulate proxy disclosures. However, in the short term, we are adopting a tiered system of compliance dates to minimize the burdens on smaller issuers, including small entities. Under this tiered system, issuers that are not large accelerated filers need not comply with the requirements until January 1,
2009. This would provide smaller
issuers more time to adjust to the amendments and learn from the experiences of larger filers. Furthermore, adopting the amendments for large accelerated filers before the 2008 proxy season effectively creates a test group of issuers, enabling the Commission to study the performance of the model with a significant number of larger issuers and to make any necessary revisions to the rules before they apply to all issuers, including small entities. Intermediaries that are small entities also are subject to the amendments. We understand that the task of forwarding proxy materials to over 95% of beneficial ownership accounts currently is handled by a single entity. Because a third-party outsourcing alternative is readily available and issuers are required to reimburse such costs to the intermediary, we believe that imposing the amendments on small entities will not create a substantial burden on small entities. Thus, we have decided not to exempt intermediaries that are small entities from the amendments. Such an exemption may create disparity in the way shareholders receive proxy materials. Shareholders owning securities through such intermediaries would not have the ability to choose the means by which they receive proxy disclosures. We considered the use of performance standards rather than design standards in the amendments. The amendments contain both performance standards and design standards. We are adopting design standards to the extent that we believe compliance with particular requirements is necessary. For example, we are using a design standard with respect to the contents of the Notice so that investors get uniform information regarding access to important information. However, to the extent possible, we are adopting rules that impose performance standards to provide issuers, other soliciting persons and intermediaries with the flexibility to devise the means through which they can comply with such standards. For example, we are adopting a performance standard for providing for anonymity on the Web site so that issuers and other soliciting persons can determine for themselves the least costly option to meet the requirement.
IX. Statutory Basis and Text of
Amendments
We are adopting the amendments pursuant to sections 3(b), 10, 13, 14, 15, 23(a), and 36 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and sections 20(a), 30, and 38 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. List of Subjects in 17 CFR Part 240 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Securities.
(3) A publicly-filed preliminary or definitive proxy statement, not in the form and manner described in § 240.14a–16, containing the information specified in Schedule 14A (§ 240.14a–101), if:
(i) The solicitation relates to a business combination transaction as that term is defined in § 230.165 of this
chapter; or
(ii) The solicitation may not follow the form and manner described in § 240.14a–16 pursuant to the laws of the state of incorporation of the registrant;
(d) * * *
(3) A clear and impartial identification of each separate matter intended to be acted on and the soliciting person’s recommendations, if any, regarding those matters, but no supporting statements;
(f) * * *
(2) * * *
(i) A pre-addressed, postage-paid reply card for requesting a copy of the proxy materials; (ii) A copy of any notice of security holder meeting required under state law if that notice is not combined with the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials; and (iii) In the case of an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, the company’s prospectus or a report that is required to be transmitted to stockholders by section 30(e) of the Investment Company Act (15 U.S.C. 80a–29(e)) and the rules thereunder.
(h) The registrant may send a form of proxy to security holders if:
(1) At least 10 calendar days or more have passed since the date it first sent the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials to security holders and the form of proxy is accompanied by a copy of the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials; or (2) The form of proxy is accompanied or preceded by a copy, via the same medium, of the proxy statement and any annual report to security holders that is required by § 240.14a–3(b).
(j) * * *
(3) The registrant must provide copies of the proxy materials for one year after the conclusion of the meeting or corporate action to which the proxy materials relate, provided that, if the registrant receives the request after the conclusion of the meeting or corporate action to which the proxy materials relate, the registrant need not send copies via First Class mail and need not respond to such request within three business days.
(n) Full Set Delivery Option.
(1) For purposes of this paragraph (n), the term full set of proxy materials shall include all of the following documents:
(i) A copy of the proxy statement; (ii) A copy of the annual report to security holders if required by § 240.14a–3(b); and (iii) A form of proxy. (2) Notwithstanding paragraphs (e) and (f)(2) of this section, a registrant or other soliciting person may:
(i) Accompany the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials with a full set of proxy materials; or (ii) Send a full set of proxy materials without a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials if all of the information required in a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials pursuant to paragraphs (d) and (n)(4) of this section is incorporated in the proxy statement and the form of proxy. (3) A registrant or other soliciting person that sends a full set of proxy materials to a security holder pursuant to this paragraph (n) need not comply with (i) The timing provisions of paragraphs (a) and (l)(2) of this section; and (ii) The obligation to provide copies pursuant to paragraph (j) of this section. (4) A registrant or other soliciting person that sends a full set of proxy materials to a security holder pursuant to this paragraph (n) need not include in its Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, proxy statement, or form of proxy the following disclosures:
(i) Paragraphs 1 and 3 of the legend required by paragraph (d)(1) of this
section;
(ii) Instructions on how to request a copy of the proxy materials; and (iii) Instructions on how to access the form of proxy pursuant to paragraph (d)(7) of this section.
Item 4. Persons Making the Solicitation—(a) * * * (3) If the solicitation is to be made otherwise than by the use of the mails or pursuant to § 240.14a–16, describe the methods to be employed. * * *
(d) Upon receipt from the soliciting person of all of the information listed in § 240.14a–16(d), the broker or dealer shall:
(5) Notwithstanding any other provisions in this paragraph (d), if the broker or dealer receives copies of the proxy statement and annual report to security holders (if applicable) from the soliciting person with instructions to forward such materials to beneficial owners, the broker or dealer:
(i) Shall either:
(A) Prepare a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials and forward it with the proxy statement and annual report to security holders (if applicable); or (B) Incorporate any information required in the Notice of Internet rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with RULES_2
Availability of Proxy Materials that does not appear in the proxy statement into the broker or dealer’s request for voting instructions to be sent with the proxy statement and annual report (if applicable); (ii) Need not comply with the following provisions:
(A) The timing provisions of paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section; and (B) Paragraph (d)(4) of this section; and (iii) Need not include in its Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials or request for voting instructions the following disclosures:
(A) Legends 1 and 2 in § 240.14a– 16(d)(1); and (B) Instructions on how to request a copy of the proxy materials.
(d) Upon receipt from the soliciting person of all of the information listed in § 240.14a–16(d), the bank shall:
(5) Notwithstanding any other provisions in this paragraph (d), if the bank receives copies of the proxy statement and annual report to security holders (if applicable) from the soliciting person with instructions to forward such materials to beneficial owners, the bank:
(i) Shall either:
(A) Prepare a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials and forward it with the proxy statement and annual report to security holders (if applicable); or (B) Incorporate any information required in the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials that does not appear in the proxy statement into the bank’s request for voting instructions to be sent with the proxy statement and annual report (if applicable); (ii) Need not comply with the following provisions:
(A) The timing provisions of paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section; and (B) Paragraph (d)(4) of this section; and (iii) Need not include in its Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials or request for voting instructions the following disclosures:
(A) Legends 1 and 2 in § 240.14a– 16(d)(1); and (B) Instructions on how to request a copy of the proxy materials.
(d) A registrant shall transmit an information statement to security holders pursuant to paragraph (a) of this
section by satisfying the requirements
set forth in § 240.14a–16; provided, however, that the registrant shall revise the information required in the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, including changing the title of that notice, to reflect the fact that the registrant is not soliciting proxies for the meeting.
(d) A registrant shall furnish an annual report to security holders pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section by satisfying the requirements set forth in § 240.14a–16. By the Commission. Dated: July 26, 2007. Florence E. Harmon, Deputy Secretary. [FR Doc. E7–14793 Filed 7–31–07; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 8010–01–P
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“We are adopting amendments to Rules 14a–3, 14a–7, 14a–16, 14a–101, 14b–1, 14b–2, 14c–2, and 14c–3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.”
“see also Shareholder Choice Regarding Proxy Materials, Exchange Act Release No. 34–56135 (July 26, 2007) [72 FR 42222].”
“Shareholder Choice Regarding Proxy Materials, Release No. 34–56135 (July 26, 2007) [72 FR 42221].”
“and Shareholder Choice Regarding Proxy Materials, Release No. 34–56135 (July 26, 2007) [72 FR 42221].”
“See Release No. 34–56135 (July 26, 2007) [72 FR 42222] (shareholder choice regarding proxy materials)”
“Release No. 34–56135 (July 26, 2007) [72 FR 42222]”
“See, e.g., in a recent release, Shareholder Choice Regarding Proxy Materials, Release No. 34–56135, at Section VI.C.1 (Jul. 26, 2007) [72 FR 42221] ('Shareholder Choice Release')”
“and 56135 (July 26, 2007), 72 FR 42222 (August 1, 2007)”
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